The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle of the main verb. The present perfect expresses an action that began in the past and continues in the present or has recent relevance. It provides examples of regular and irregular verb conjugations in the present perfect tense and explains the different uses of this tense, such as to emphasize results or describe ongoing or recently finished actions.

1. -The Present Perfect is formed by
combining the auxiliary verb Has or
Have with the Past Participle:
Example:
-I have studied the questions.
-She has worked very much.
-We have traveled for several days.
Really?...

2. -The present perfect simple expresses an action
that is still going on or that stopped recently,
but has an influence on the present.
Example:
Affirmative:
I, you, we and they = I have spoken.
He, she and it = He has spoken.

3. Negative:
I, you, we and they = You have not spoken.
He, she and it = She has not spoken.
Affirmative:
I, you, we and they = Have they spoken?
He, she and it = Has she spoken?

4. -For Regular Verbs, we just add “ed”:
Exceptions in spelling
when adding ”ed” Example
-After a final ”e” only add ”d” Love – Loved
-Final consonant after a vowel Admit – Admitted
is doubled. Travel – Travelled
- Final ”y” after a consonant Hurry - Hurried
becomes ”i“
-For Irregular Verbs, use the participle form
(3rd Column-Grammar Book 3, Page 17).

5. Use of Present Perfect
-Puts emphasis on the result.
Example: She has written five letters.
-Action that is still going on.
Example: School has not started yet.
-Action that stopped recently.
Example: She has cooked dinner.
-Finished action that has an influence on the present.
Example: I have lost my keys.
-Action that has taken place once, never or several times
before the moment of speaking.
Example: I have never been to Australia.