The document discusses the genitive case in Finnish. It notes that the ending of the singular genitive is -n. It is used to express possession like in English. The stem form without the -n ending is needed to form other cases in Finnish. It also discusses consonant changes that occur in different cases, like t becoming d, and provides examples like katu becoming kadun in the genitive case. It includes a table showing the main consonant changes that are integral to the Finnish language.

1. THEGENITIVECASE
In Finnish
Ritva Tammi 2014

2. THEENDINGOF THESINGULARGENITIVEIS –N-THEGENITIVEIS USEDTO EXPRESS THE’S ANDOFOFENGLISH: PETER’SGARDEN/ THEGARDENOF PETERTHEGENITIVEMINUSITSENDING–NIS THEFORMCALLEDTHESTEMOF THEWORD -THESTEMFORMIS NEEDEDTO FORMMANYOF THEOTHERCASESIN FINNISH’ A STREET’ IS KATU -> (GENITIVE:) KADUN … (MINUS–N)= > KADU-(WHICHIS THESTEM)
Pekanvaimo (Pekka’swife)
kadun nimi (thenameofthestreet)

3. FURTHERUSESOF THEGENITIVE
Thegenitiveshows…
… theconsonantchangesoccurringin variouscases
•liketchanginginto->dkatu -> kadulla
… vowelchanges
•likeibecoming->eSuomi-> Suomessa

4. CONSONANTCHANGESARE INTEGRAL TO FINNISH LANGUAGE
T, K, PARE THE MAIN CONSONANTS TO BE CHANGED:
WHEN THEY APPEAR IN DOUBLE FORM IN THE BASIC FORM OF THE WORD …
THEY BECOME SINGLE
… AS CERTAIN ENDINGS (LIKE THE –N OF THE GENITIVE) ARE ADDED TO THE WORD
TT ->T
KK-> K
PP->P

5. CHANGES IN CERTAIN COMBINATIONS
THE CONSONANTS T,KANDP
IN CERTAIN OTHER COMBINATIONS WITH OTHER CONSONANTS
ALSO CHANGE:
NT-> NN
NK-> NG

6. OPEN SYLLABLES AND CLOSED SYLLABLES
OPEN SYLLABLE IS ONE THAT ENDS IN A VOWEL
…LIKE’KATU’
… AND WHEN YOUADD A CONSONANT (LIKE THE GENITIVE –N)
KATU -> KADUN(T-> D)
THIS IS A CONSTANT CHANGE APPEARING EVERYWHERE IN THE LANGUAGE!

7. TABLE–THEMAIN CONSONANTCHANGES
T -> D
KATU
astreet
KADULLA
ON THE STREET
K -> disappears
TURKU
TOWN IN FINLAND
TURUSSA
IN TURKU
P> V
KYLPY
abath
KYLVYSSÄ
IN A BATH
TT -> T
KONSERTTI
aconcert
KONSERTISSA
IN A CONCERT
KK -> K
PENKKI
abench
PENKILLÄ
ON A BENCH
PP -> P
KAUPPA
ashop
KAUPASSA
IN A SHOP
NK -> NG
AURINKO
thesun
AURINGOSSA
IN THESUN
NT -> NN
GOTLANTI
Got(t)land
GOTLANNISSA
IN GOTLAND

8. -> MONIKON GENETIIVI
-> practise the GENITIVE
…KENEN
avaimet?