This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
Finnish has several distinctive features that make its language and pronunciation unique:
1) Gemination, where the first consonant of the following word is doubled if it begins with a vowel.
2) Long and short vowels that impact pronunciation and meaning.
3) Consonant gradation where consonants like K, P, and T change form depending on suffixes added.
4) A complex system of stems, suffixes, endings and cases that determine verbs, nouns and their relationships in sentences.
The document provides examples of spoken Finnish language used in various everyday situations and contexts. It includes common phrases, verbs, pronouns and questions used for introducing oneself, asking for and giving information, making requests, discussing present and past events, needs, activities, locations and travel plans. The document is intended to help learners practice and familiarize themselves with colloquial spoken Finnish.
Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish poet celebrated on Runeberg Day each February 5th by eating Runberg Cakes. The document provides a recipe for Runberg Cakes in Finnish, including instructions for making the dough, baking the muffins, and decorating them with raspberry jam and icing sugar. It notes that Runeberg apparently enjoyed these cakes, and that his wife Fredrika, herself a writer and pioneer for women in journalism, was originally known for baking the cakes that bear their name.
This document provides information about Finnish housing and living customs. It describes common house types like detached houses (omakotitalo), apartments of different sizes (yksio, kaksio, kolmio), and buildings with multiple apartments. It discusses housebuilding traditions like talkoot where neighbors help each other. It also covers housewarming party etiquette like bringing salt and bread as a gift and taking shoes off inside. Overall, the document aims to teach English learners vocabulary and expressions related to Finnish homes, invitations, and social interactions.
The document discusses the genitive case in Finnish. It notes that the ending of the singular genitive is -n. It is used to express possession like in English. The stem form without the -n ending is needed to form other cases in Finnish. It also discusses consonant changes that occur in different cases, like t becoming d, and provides examples like katu becoming kadun in the genitive case. It includes a table showing the main consonant changes that are integral to the Finnish language.
Finns enjoy reading, using libraries, and newspapers. They also enjoy social media, television, radio, and a variety of musical genres. Popular outdoor activities include ice hockey, baseball, skiing, cycling, and visiting saunas. Open-air dances are a part of Finnish culture where people gather to socialize and experience music and potential romance. Nature is an important part of Finnish life and culture.
This document provides vocabulary and phrases for talking about food and ordering in a restaurant in Finnish. It includes words for common foods, meals, drinks and dishes. Phrases are presented for having a conversation with a waiter at a restaurant where you can ask questions about the menu options and place an order. Specific foods that are highlighted include salmon, potato mash, mineral water, ice cream and coffee.
2. Yksi ja monta
– yksikkö ja monikko
Kun puhut yhdestä ihmisestä, asiasta tai esineestä, käytät yksikköä.
Kun puhut monesta ihmisestä, asiasta tai esineestä, käytät monikkoa.
Kissa naukuu autossa. Kissat naukuvat autoissa.
Mistä tiedät, että autoissa on monta kissaa?
-> kissat-sanan lopussa on –t
-> -t on monikon tunnus (perusmuoto)
3. i-monikko
Kissa naukuu autossa ’autossa’ on yksikkö
Kissat naukuvat autoissa ’autoissa’ on monikko
Sanan (auto) ja sijapäätteen (–ssa) välissä on –i
-> kun sana taipuu (= sijat), monikon tunnus on –i
4. i-monikko
Jos sanavartalon lopussa on o, ö, u, y -> sana ei muutu monikon i:n edellä
Pekka ajaa huonolla autolla. (yksikkö)
VARTALO SIJAPÄÄTE
huono- -lla
auto- -lla
Liitä monikon –i- vartalon ja sanapäätteen väliin!
-> Pekka ajaa huonoilla autoilla (monikko)
5. -ä- ja -e-loppuiset sanat
Jos sanavartalon lopussa on –ä tai –e -> monikon –i- ottaa vokaalin pois:
Pedot elävät metsässä (yksikkö)
Pedot elävät metsissä (monikko)
Sinisellä sohvalla on paljon roskia. (yksikkö)
Sinis_illä sohv_illa on paljon roskia (monikko)
Antti pitää suomalaisesta naisesta (yksikkö)
Antti pitää suomalais_ista nais_ista (monikko)
6. -a –loppuiset sanat
Lyhyt sana -> sanavartalon lopussa –a ja sanan alussa vokaali -o- tai -u-
-> monikon –i- hävittää a:n
LOMA Lomalla Olga rentoutuu (yksikkö)
Suomalaiset viettävät lomiaan monin tavoin (monikko)
KOVA
Kovalla alustalla on hyvä leipoa (yksikkö)
Kovilla alustoilla on hyvä leipoa (monikko)
Muuten -a -> –o- :ksi:
HALPA, HINTA
Kuulin halvasta hinnasta
Kuulin halvoista hinnoista
8. Vartalo lopussa pitkä vokaali
Jos sanavartalon lopussa on pitkä vokaali -> toinen vokaaleista katoaa monikon –i:n edessä:
(yksikkö) (monikko)
Puussa on vihreät lehdet Puissa on vihreät lehdet
Me pidämme lämpimästä maasta Me pidämme lämpimistä maista
On mukavaa matkustaa veneellä On mukavaa matkustaa veneillä
Sinä vaikutat väsyneeltä. Te vaikutatte väsyneiltä
9. -i –loppuiset sanat
Jos sanavartalon lopussa on –i -> -i muuttuu e :ksi :
Autossa kissan pitää olla häkissä Autoissa kissojen pitää olla häkeissä
Kevättakissa on vuori Kevättakeissa on vuoret
Kokeilimme jäätä kepillä Kokeilimme jäätä kepeillä
10. -si –loppuiset sanat
Jos sanan lopussa on -si -> sana on monikossa perusmuodossa
vesi : veden : vesissä Uitko kylmissä vesissä?
käsi : käden : käsissä Minulla on tavoita molemmissa käsissä
susi : suden : susissa Kaikki eivät pidä susista