Garden Entomology

1. InsectsInsects
Getting to Know Your GardeningGetting to Know Your Gardening
Friends and Foes, Through BasicFriends and Foes, Through Basic
EntomologyEntomology
Megan TierneyMegan Tierney
Virginia Cooperative Extension HamptonVirginia Cooperative Extension Hampton

2. Featured InsectsFeatured Insects

3. Featured InsectFeatured Insect

4. Featured InsectFeatured Insect

5. What You Will LearnWhat You Will Learn
Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Insect Form and StructureInsect Form and Structure
Insect DevelopmentInsect Development
Benefit and Values ofBenefit and Values of
InsectsInsects
Insect Defense StrategiesInsect Defense Strategies

6. Taxonomy of InsectsTaxonomy of Insects
 What is Taxonomy? How is it changing?What is Taxonomy? How is it changing?
 It utilizes Latin nomenclature (WHY?)It utilizes Latin nomenclature (WHY?)

7. Taxonomy of InsectsTaxonomy of Insects
 The World is divided into two main groups ofThe World is divided into two main groups of
living organisms underliving organisms under KingdomKingdom , plants, plants
and animals.and animals.
 What separates them?What separates them?
 What kingdom are we in? and Insects?What kingdom are we in? and Insects?

8. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
ExampleExample Housefly Musca domesticaHousefly Musca domestica
 Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: ArthropodaPhylum: Arthropoda
 Class: InsectaClass: Insecta
 Order: DipteraOrder: Diptera
 Family: muscidaeFamily: muscidae
 Genus: MuscaGenus: Musca
 Species: domesticaSpecies: domestica
 Common name: houseflyCommon name: housefly

9. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
PhylaPhyla
 ArthropodaArthropoda
Insects, Spiders, Mites,Insects, Spiders, Mites,
Crayfish, MillipedesCrayfish, Millipedes

10. ArthropodsArthropods
 Arthropods have several things in commonArthropods have several things in common
that are not shared by any other animal.that are not shared by any other animal.
 ExoskeletonExoskeleton
 Body segmentationBody segmentation
 Segmented appendagesSegmented appendages
 Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry
 Open circulatory systemOpen circulatory system
 Dorsal heartDorsal heart
 Ventral nerve tubeVentral nerve tube

11. Class ArthropodaClass Arthropoda
 Animals within the Phylum ArthropodaAnimals within the Phylum Arthropoda
belong to several classes. They include:belong to several classes. They include:
 Class Insecta (insects) Our focusClass Insecta (insects) Our focus
 Class Arachnida (spiders and mites)Class Arachnida (spiders and mites)
 Class Diplopoda (millipedes)Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
 Class Chilopoda (centipedes)Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
 Class Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, shrimp)Class Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, shrimp)
 Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)

12. InsectsInsects

13. InsectsInsects

14. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 Microcoryphia –JumpingMicrocoryphia –Jumping
BristletailsBristletails
 Thysanura –Silverfish andThysanura –Silverfish and
FirebratsFirebrats
 Ephemeroptera-MayfliesEphemeroptera-Mayflies
 Odonata- Dragonflies andOdonata- Dragonflies and
DamselfliesDamselflies
 Blattodea-CockroachesBlattodea-Cockroaches
 Isoptera-TermitesIsoptera-Termites
 Mantodea-MantidsMantodea-Mantids
 Grylloblattodea-RockcrawlersGrylloblattodea-Rockcrawlers
 Dermaptera-EarwigsDermaptera-Earwigs
 Plecoptera-StonefliesPlecoptera-Stoneflies
 Prthoptera-Grasshoppers,Prthoptera-Grasshoppers,
Crickets, KatydidsCrickets, Katydids
 Phasmida- Stick InsectsPhasmida- Stick Insects
 Embioptera-WebspinnersEmbioptera-Webspinners
 Zoraptera-ZorapteransZoraptera-Zorapterans
 Psocoptera-Barklice andPsocoptera-Barklice and
BookliceBooklice
 Phthiraptera-ChewingPhthiraptera-Chewing
Sucking LiceSucking Lice
 Hemiptera-True Bigs,Hemiptera-True Bigs,
Cicadas, Hoppers, and KinCicadas, Hoppers, and Kin
 Thysanoptera-ThripsThysanoptera-Thrips

15. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 Megaloptera-Dobsonflies,Megaloptera-Dobsonflies,
Fishflies,and AlderfliesFishflies,and Alderflies
 Raphidioptera-SnakefliesRaphidioptera-Snakeflies
 Neuroptera-Antlions,Neuroptera-Antlions,
Lacewings, Mantidflies, andLacewings, Mantidflies, and
OwlfliesOwlflies
 Coleoptera-BeetlesColeoptera-Beetles
 Strepsiptera-Twisted-WingedStrepsiptera-Twisted-Winged
ParasitesParasites
 Mecoptera-Scorpionflies andMecoptera-Scorpionflies and
HangingfliesHangingflies
 Siphonaptera-FleasSiphonaptera-Fleas
 Diptera-FliesDiptera-Flies
 Trichoptera-CaddisfliesTrichoptera-Caddisflies
 Lepidoptera-Butterfiles andLepidoptera-Butterfiles and
MothsMoths
 Hymenoptera- Ants, Bees,Hymenoptera- Ants, Bees,
and Waspsand Wasps

16. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 OrthopteraOrthoptera
 Crickets, Katydids,Crickets, Katydids,
 GrasshoppersGrasshoppers
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

17. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 IsopteraIsoptera
 TermitesTermites
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

18. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 ThysanopteraThysanoptera
 ThripsThrips
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Rasping-SuckingRasping-Sucking
MouthpartsMouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

19. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 HemipteraHemiptera
 True BugsTrue Bugs
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Piercing-suckingPiercing-sucking
MouthpartsMouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

20. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 HomopteraHomoptera
 Aphids, ScaleAphids, Scale
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Piercing-suckingPiercing-sucking
MouthpartsMouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

21. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 ColeopteraColeoptera
 Beetles, WeevilsBeetles, Weevils
 CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts

22. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 LepidopteraLepidoptera
 Butterflies, MothsButterflies, Moths
 CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing or SiphoningChewing or Siphoning
MouthpartsMouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

23. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 HymenopteraHymenoptera
 Bees, Wasps, AntsBees, Wasps, Ants
 CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

24. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 DipteraDiptera
 FliesFlies
 CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing or spongingChewing or sponging
MouthpartsMouthparts
 One Pair of WingsOne Pair of Wings

25. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 SiphonopteraSiphonoptera
 FleasFleas
 CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing or Piercing-Chewing or Piercing-
sucking Mouthpartssucking Mouthparts
 No WingsNo Wings

26. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 DermopteraDermoptera
 EarwigEarwig
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts
 Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

27. Basic ClassificationBasic Classification
Orders of The ClassOrders of The Class
InsectaInsecta
 ThysanuraThysanura
 SilverfishSilverfish
 GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts
 No WingsNo Wings

28. Insect MorphologyInsect Morphology
Form and StructureForm and Structure
 To Be a Member ofTo Be a Member of
The Insecta ClubThe Insecta Club
Your Adult StageYour Adult Stage
Must Have:Must Have:
 Three Body RegionsThree Body Regions
 Three Pairs of LegsThree Pairs of Legs
 One Pair of AntennaeOne Pair of Antennae
 Zero to Two Pairs ofZero to Two Pairs of
WingsWings

29. MorphologyMorphology

30. EyesEyes

31. AntennaeAntennae
Types of Antennae
Serrated
Monilliform
Filiform
Setaceaus
Aristate
Plumose
Clavate
Lamellate
Pectinate

32. MouthpartsMouthparts
ChewingChewing

33. Chewing- LappingChewing- Lapping

34. SpongingSponging

35. Piercing - SuckingPiercing - Sucking

36. SiphoningSiphoning

37. ThoraxThorax

38. LegsLegs

39. WingsWings

40. AbdomenAbdomen

41. Insect DevelopmentInsect Development
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
 No MetamorphosisNo Metamorphosis

42. GradualGradual
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

43. IncompleteIncomplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

44. IncompleteIncomplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

45. CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

46. CompleteComplete
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

47. Benefits And Value OfBenefits And Value Of
InsectsInsects
 PollinatingPollinating
 Destroying WeedsDestroying Weeds
 Improving The Physical Condition of The SoilImproving The Physical Condition of The Soil
 Scavenging And Devouring Dead Plants andScavenging And Devouring Dead Plants and
AnimalsAnimals
 Are Predators to Harmful PestsAre Predators to Harmful Pests
 Are Parasites of Harmful PestsAre Parasites of Harmful Pests

48. PollinatorsPollinators
 What Would Life Be Like With OutWhat Would Life Be Like With Out
Pollinators?Pollinators?
 What plants would be left to eat?What plants would be left to eat?

49. This Would Be Our DietThis Would Be Our Diet

50. Insects DestroyingInsects Destroying
WeedsWeeds
 Weed FeedersWeed Feeders

51. Improving SoilImproving Soil
ConditionCondition
 FBI Agents of DecayFBI Agents of Decay
 FungusFungus
 BacteriaBacteria
 InsectsInsects

52. Insects As PredatorsInsects As Predators

53. ParasitesParasites
 ParasitoidsParasitoids

54. InsectInsect
Defense StrategiesDefense Strategies
 HidingHiding
 Death FeigningDeath Feigning
 Startle DisplaysStartle Displays
 MechanicalMechanical
 ChemicalChemical
 MimicryMimicry
 CollectiveCollective

55. What insect is this?What insect is this?

56. Insects Can Be OurInsects Can Be Our
Friends!!Friends!!