Notes

1. 1
ClassificationClassification
Where would we put
him?

2. 2
Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms
 There areThere are 13 billion13 billion
known species ofknown species of
organismsorganisms
 This isThis is only 5% of allonly 5% of all
organisms that everorganisms that ever
lived!!!!!lived!!!!!
 New organismsNew organisms are stillare still
being found andbeing found and
identifiedidentified

3. 3
What is Classification?What is Classification?
 ClassificationClassification - arrangement- arrangement
of organisms into orderlyof organisms into orderly
groupsgroups based on theirbased on their
similaritiessimilarities
 Classification is also knownClassification is also known
asas taxonomytaxonomy
 TaxonomistsTaxonomists are scientistsare scientists
that identify & namethat identify & name
organismsorganisms

4. 4
Benefits of ClassifyingBenefits of Classifying
 Accurately & uniformlyAccurately & uniformly namesnames
organismsorganisms
 PreventsPrevents misnomersmisnomers such assuch as
starfish & jellyfish that aren'tstarfish & jellyfish that aren't
really fishreally fish
 UsesUses same language (Latin orsame language (Latin or
some Greek)some Greek) for all namesfor all names
Sea”horse”??Sea”horse”??

5. 5
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
1707 – 17781707 – 1778
 18th century
taxonomist
 Classified
organisms by
their structure
 Developed
naming system
still used today

6. 6
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
 Called theCalled the “Father“Father
of Taxonomy”of Taxonomy”
 Developed theDeveloped the
modern system ofmodern system of
naming known asnaming known as
binomialbinomial
nomenclaturenomenclature
 Two-wordTwo-word namename
(Genus & species)(Genus & species)
Oh my goodness I’ve turned into a
statue!

7. 7
StandardizedStandardized
NamingNaming
 Binomial nomenclatureBinomial nomenclature
usedused
 Genus speciesGenus species
 Latin or GreekLatin or Greek
 ItalicizedItalicized in printin print
 Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, but, but
NOT speciesNOT species
 UnderlineUnderline when writingwhen writing
Turdus migratoriusTurdus migratorius
American RobinAmerican Robin

8. 8
Classification GroupsClassification Groups
 TaxonTaxon (( taxataxa-plural) is a-plural) is a
category into which relatedcategory into which related
organisms are placedorganisms are placed
 There is aThere is a hierarchyhierarchy ofof
groups (taxa) from broadestgroups (taxa) from broadest
to most specificto most specific
 Life, Domain, Kingdom,Life, Domain, Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family,Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, speciesGenus, species

9. 9
Hierarchy-Taxonomic GroupsHierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain
Life BROADEST TAXONBROADEST TAXON
MOST SPECIFIC TAXONMOST SPECIFIC TAXON

10. 10
HierarchyHierarchy
Humans (Humans (Homo sapiens)Homo sapiens)
Species sapiens
Genus Homo
Family Hominoidea
Order Primates
Class Mammalia
Phylum Chordata
Kingdom Animalia

11. 11
Basis for Modern TaxonomyBasis for Modern Taxonomy
 Homologous structuresHomologous structures (same(same
structure, different function)structure, different function)
 SimilarSimilar embryoembryo developmentdevelopment
 Similarity inSimilarity in DNA, RNADNA, RNA, or, or
amino acidamino acid sequence ofsequence of
proteinsproteins

12. 12
Homologous StructuresHomologous Structures show Similarities in mammals.show Similarities in mammals.

13. 13
CladogramCladogram
 Diagram showing how organisms are relatedDiagram showing how organisms are related
based onbased on shared, derived characteristicsshared, derived characteristics suchsuch
as vertebral column, jaw bones, four leggedas vertebral column, jaw bones, four legged
locomotion, amniotic eggs, hair, etc.locomotion, amniotic eggs, hair, etc.

14. 14
PrimatePrimate
CladogramCladogram