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1. Lecture 1
Fundamentals of Industrial &
Environmental Safety
Dr. Salah E Selim
Basic Sciences Department

2. LOCs
• Basics terminologies related to Safety
Safety
Hazard
Risk
Industrial safety
Environmental safety
Types of Hazard
Risk grading matrix
Questions [Activity]

3. Safety
I. Is a state in which hazards and conditions leading to
physical, psychological or material harm are controlled in
order to preserve the health and well-being of individuals
and the community .
II. Freedom from unacceptable risk.
III. The control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable
level of risk

4. Hazard vs. risk

6. What is Industrial Safety?
The term “Industrial safety” is a set of safety protocols, policies and regulations
to protect the workers, workplace, work equipment and environment from
hazards.

7. Environmental safety
• Environmental safety is defined by the guidance, policies, and practices
enforced in order to ensure that the surrounding environment is free from
hazards that will warrant the safety and well-being of workers and
employees, residents near industrial operations, as well as the prevention
of accidental environmental damage. The surrounding areas include
industrial facilities, work areas, and laboratories

8. Types of Hazards
Physical hazard
Biological hazard
Chemical hazard
Psychosocial
Ergonomic hazard

9. Physical Hazard
• Physical hazards in OSH refer to
“the potential risks that can cause physical harm or injury to workers
due to physical agents, factors or conditions present in the workplace.”

10. Examples of physical hazards
Slippery floors, objects in walkways
unsafe or misused machinery
excessive noise
Poor lighting (illumination)
fire.
radiation, magnetic fields,
pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum).
High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays etc.
Electricity

11. Biological hazard
• Also known as bio hazards, refer to
Biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of
humans. This can include medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin
(from a biological source) that can affect human health. It can also include substances
harmful to other animals.

12. Biological hazard
Some Examples of Biohazards Are:
• Human blood and blood products
• Animal waste
• Human body fluids
• Microbiological wastes
• Pathological waste
• Sharps waste

13. Biological hazard

14. Chemical hazard
• Chemical hazards are any substance that can cause adverse physical and health
effects to people or result in harm to the environment due to its chemical
properties.

15. Types of Chemical hazard
• Explosives,
• Flammable liquids
• Corrosives
• Oxidizing materials,
• Toxic and carcinogenic substances,
• Gases and air particulate, etc

16. Psychosocial Hazards

17. Psychosocial hazard
 A psychosocial hazard is any occupational hazard that affects
the psychological and physical well-being of workers, including their ability to
participate in a work environment among other people.
Psychosocial hazards are related to the way work is designed, organized and
managed.
 Harm or risk that are correlated to psychosocial hazards in the workplace
include :Occupational stress, anxiety, and depression

18. Examples of psychosocial hazard
• job demands
• low job control
• poor support
• lack of role clarity
• poor organisational change management
• inadequate reward and recognition
• poor organisational justice
• traumatic events or material
• remote or isolated work
• poor physical environment
• violence and aggression
• bullying
• harassment, including sexual and gender-based harassment, and
• conflict or poor workplace relationships and interactions

19. Ergonomic hazard

20. Ergonomic hazard examples
• These hazards include :
Awkward or static postures,
High forces,
Repetitive motion, or short intervals between activities.

21. Risk Grading Matrix
• EXPOSURE
• Exposure definition “When someone is within the “danger zone.””
• • Physical exposure:
• When the length.person is generally within arm’s
• • Environmental exposure:
• Due to noise, hazardous atmospheres , temperature extremes. These
hazards could affect everyone in the facility.
• HAZARD + EXPOSURE = RISK

22. Rating a Risk
• You can do what is called a Qualitative Risk Rating which means you
can simply decide whether the risk is minimal, low, medium or high.
• Generally this short hand form of risk rating is used to determine
which hazard should take priority deciding what to do and when.

23. Rating a Risk
• To calculate a Quantitative Risk Rating, begin by allocating a number
to the Likelihood of the risk arising and Severity of Injury and then
multiply the Likelihood by the Severity to determine the Rating.
• The number to be allocated is set out in the following 5*5 matrix.
• A Simple Risk Assessment is shown in the next equation:
• R = (P) x (S)
• Where: R = Risk,
• P = Probability of occurrence / Likelihood, and
• S = Severity of effect

24. 5*5 Risk Rating Matrix

25. The Four consequences categories: people,
environment, assets, and reputation (PEAR).

26. Engineers’ Role in safety
Identification of Hazards
Elimination or reduce
Prevention and Mitigation unsafe action

27. Engineers’ Role in safety
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

28. RISK RATING ACTIVITY

29. RISK IDENTIFICATION
• The forklift could hit a person
• The forklift could hit the storage racks
• When putting an item, it may move another one causing it to fall.

30. RISK ANALYSIS

31. RISK EVALUATION
Risk Risk magnitude
The forklift could hit a person
The forklift could hit the storage racks
When putting an item, it may move another one
causing it to fall

32. RESPONSE PLAN
• Ground marks for the forklift and the workers which show the routs
of the forklifts and of the persons.
• Skilled drivers should be hired to drive the forklift.
• Stored items must be securely tightened to their storage place.

33. MONITORING AND CONTROLLING
• Safety Inspector must keep an eye for the workers
• Security cameras must be used
• Punishment plans for people who disobey the rules

34. Activity
• A work place has been assessed for its risk by a external safety consultant and it is
found that a particular hazard has the likelihood of 3 and severity of 5. Calculate and
identify the risk level and advise the company on the action need to be taken based
on the risks level.

35. Thank You