This lesson covers SAS procedures for reporting and descriptive statistics, including PROC Freq and PROC Means. PROC Freq can produce simple frequency tables and cross-tabulations. PROC Means calculates summary statistics for numeric variables. Both procedures allow options to control output and handle missing data. The lesson also discusses using the output statement and ODS NOPROCTITLE statement.

1. BAS 150
Lesson 7:
SAS Reporting Procs and Descriptive Statistics

2. • Utilize SAS Procs for reporting
• Incorporate descriptive statistics in reports
• Effectively export charts and data
This Lesson’s Learning Objectives

3.  PROC Freq
o Options
o Using formats
o Missing data
o Order=
o Multi-dimensional tables
o Statistics
Topics (1 of 2)

4.  PROC Means
o Options
o Class statement
o Missing data
o Output statement
o _TYPE_ and Chartype
 ODS NOPROCTITLE
Topics (2 of 2)

5.  PROC Freq can be used to run simple
frequency tables on your data
PROC Freq (1 of 4)

6. PROC Freq (2 of 4)
Results of PROC Freq of
“Demographics”

7.  Use the table statement to only print selected
variables
 Use the nocum option to suppress cumulative statistics
 Use the nopercent option to suppress percent statistics
 Can use options together or separately
PROC Freq (3 of 4)

8.  where statement – Only include selected observations
 format statement – Apply format to selected variables
o Only applies to current procedure
o Can be used to group data
PROC Freq (4 of 4)

9.  Use formats to group data
Using Formats

10.  Missing data will be excluded from the analysis
 Will affect percent calculations
Missing Data (1 of 2)

11.  Use the missing option to include missing values in the frequency table
 Can also create a label for missing values in your PROC Format
Missing Data (2 of 2)

12.  By default PROC Freq orders your frequency table based on the
internal (unformatted) values
 Use the order= option to change the order
o internal: (Default) Order values by their internal (unformatted)
values
o formatted: Order values by their formatted values
o freq: Order values from the most to least frequent
o data: Order values based on their order in the input dataset
 Missing values, if included in the table, will always be listed first
regardless
Order= (1 of 2)

13. Order= (2 of 2)

14.  Can create simple cross-tabulations
Multi-Dimension Tables (1 of 4)

15.  Use the nocol option to suppress column percent statistics
 Use the norow option to suppress row percent statistics
 Use the nopercent option to suppress total percent
statistics
 Can use options together or separately
Multi-Dimension Tables (2 of 4)

16.  Use the list option to display cross-tab tables in a list
format
Multi-Dimension Tables (3 of 4)

17. There are multiple ways to request tables:
Multi-Dimension Tables (4 of 4)
Notation Result
table A * (B C D); Three tables: A by B; A by C; A by D
table (A B) * (C D); Four tables: A by C; A by D; B by C; B by D
table A * B * C; One three-way table with the format Page * Row *
Column.
Each classification of A would appear on a separate page.
table Ques1 - Ques10; Ten tables, one each for Ques1 through Ques10
table VarA -- VarB; One table each for all variables between VarA and VarB
in the SAS dataset (by varnum)
table Ques: ; One table each for all variables that begin with “Ques”
table _numeric_; One table each for all numeric variables
table _character_; One table each for all character variables
table _all_; One table each for all variables

18.  PROC Freq is also
used to calculate
certain statistics,
such as chi-square,
odds ratio, and
relative risk
Statistics

19.  PROC Means can be used to run simple
summary statistics on your data
PROC Means (1 of 5)

20. Results of PROC Means of
“Demographics”
PROC Means (2 of 5)

21.  Many options to control output of PROC Means
o NMiss Mean Median – Examples of statistics that can be specified in
PROC Means
 (see later slide for list of statistical keywords)
o class statement – Allows for grouping by categorical variables
o var statement – Only provides statistics for listed analysis variables
PROC Means (3 of 5)

22. Statistics available in PROC Means
PROC Means (4 of 5)

23.  maxdec= option – Specifies the number of decimal
places for statistics
 where statement – Only include selected observations
 format statement – Apply format to selected variables
o Only applies to current procedure
o Can be used to group class data
PROC Means (5 of 5)

24. Table can also include multiple class variables
Class Variables (1 of 2)

25. Table can also include multiple class variables
Class Variables (2 of 2)

26. Where Default Override
Analysis variable Excludes that observation from
the calculation of statistics
None
Class variable Excludes that observation from
the table
MISSING option
Missing Data
Includes
selected
class
variables
with
missing
data
Includes
all class
variable
s with
missing
data

27.  Create output datasets using the output statement
 out= specifies the name of the output dataset(s)
 By default, the output dataset will include N, Mean, Min, Max, and
Std. Dev – regardless of which statistics you specify in the PROC
Means statement – for all levels of your class variable(s)
Output Statement (1 of 7)

28. Lesson:
If an observation is missing data for a class
variable, that observation is excluded from all
analyses in the procedure
Output Statement (2 of 7)

29.  You can specify which statistics to include
through the output statement
Output Statement (3 of 7)
Statistic
New
variable
name

30.  Use the autoname function to automatically
generate new variable names
Output Statement (4 of 7)

31.  If you forget to name your variables, your output
will not run correctly
Output Statement (5 of 7)

32.  Can assign different statistics to each variable
Output Statement (6 of 7)

33.  Can have multiple output statements with
different specifications for each dataset
Output Statement (7 of 7)

34.  Some procedures (such as FREQ and MEANS)
will print a procedure title at the top of their output
o This cannot be controlled by title statements
ODS

35.  Use an ODS NOPROCTITLE statement to
turn off the procedure titles
ODS NOPROCTITLE

36. • Utilize SAS Procs for reporting
• Incorporate descriptive statistics in reports
• Effectively export charts and data
Summary - Learning Objectives

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