The document discusses the Banker's Algorithm for determining if a request for resource allocation can be safely granted or must be deferred. It provides:
1) An overview of the Banker's Algorithm and how it is used to avoid deadlocks by having processes specify their maximum resource requirements upfront.
2) An example showing the calculation of the need matrix and applying the Banker's Algorithm to determine if the system is in a safe state to allocate resources to processes.
3) The solution which calculates the need matrix and iterates through the processes, updating available resources, to find a safe sequence where all processes get resources within the system capacity. It determines the system is in a safe state.
Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource acquired by some other process.
Mutual Exclusion: One or more than one resource are non-sharable (Only one process can use at a time)
A report on designing a model for improving CPU Scheduling by using Machine L...MuskanRath1
Disclaimer: Please let me know in case some of the portions of the article match your research. I would include the link to your research in the description section of my article.
Description:
The main concern of our paper describes that we are proposing a model for a uniprocessor system for improving CPU scheduling. Our model is implemented at low-level language or assembly language and LINUX is used for the implementation of the model as it is an open-source environment and its kernel is editable.
There are several methods to predict the length of the CPU bursts, such as the exponential averaging method, however, these methods may not give accurate or reliable predicted values. In this paper, we will propose a Machine Learning (ML) based on the best approach to estimate the length of the CPU bursts for processes. We will make use of Bayesian Theory for our model as a classifier tool that will decide which process will execute first in the ready queue. The proposed approach aims to select the most significant attributes of the process using feature selection techniques and then predicts the CPU-burst for the process in the grid. Furthermore, applying attribute selection techniques improves the performance in terms of space, time, and estimation.
Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource acquired by some other process.
Mutual Exclusion: One or more than one resource are non-sharable (Only one process can use at a time)
A report on designing a model for improving CPU Scheduling by using Machine L...MuskanRath1
Disclaimer: Please let me know in case some of the portions of the article match your research. I would include the link to your research in the description section of my article.
Description:
The main concern of our paper describes that we are proposing a model for a uniprocessor system for improving CPU scheduling. Our model is implemented at low-level language or assembly language and LINUX is used for the implementation of the model as it is an open-source environment and its kernel is editable.
There are several methods to predict the length of the CPU bursts, such as the exponential averaging method, however, these methods may not give accurate or reliable predicted values. In this paper, we will propose a Machine Learning (ML) based on the best approach to estimate the length of the CPU bursts for processes. We will make use of Bayesian Theory for our model as a classifier tool that will decide which process will execute first in the ready queue. The proposed approach aims to select the most significant attributes of the process using feature selection techniques and then predicts the CPU-burst for the process in the grid. Furthermore, applying attribute selection techniques improves the performance in terms of space, time, and estimation.
Useful documents for engineering students of CSE, and specially for students of aryabhatta knowledge university, Bihar (A.K.U. Bihar). It covers following topics: System model deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention,
deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock
This presentation recounts the story of Macys.com and Bloomingdales.com's migration from legacy RDBMS to NoSQL Cassandra in partnership with DataStax.
One thing that differentiates this talk from others on Cassandra is Macy's philosophy of "doing more with less." You will see why we emphasize the performance tuning aspects of iterative development when you see how much processing we can support on relatively small configurations.
This session will cover:
1) The process that led to our decision to use Cassandra
2) The approach we used for migrating from DB2 & Coherence to Cassandra without disrupting the production environment
3) The various schema options that we tried and how we settled on the current one. We'll show you a selection of some of our extensive performance tuning benchmarks, as well as how these performance results figured into our final schema designs.
4) Our lessons learned and next steps
Presentació a càrrec d'Ismael Fernández i Cristian
Gomollón (tècnics d'Aplicacions al CSUC) duta a terme a la "3a Jornada de formació sobre l'ús del servei de càlcul" celebrada el 29 d'octubre de 2020 en format virtual.
Useful documents for engineering students of CSE, and specially for students of aryabhatta knowledge university, Bihar (A.K.U. Bihar). It covers following topics: System model deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention,
deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock
This presentation recounts the story of Macys.com and Bloomingdales.com's migration from legacy RDBMS to NoSQL Cassandra in partnership with DataStax.
One thing that differentiates this talk from others on Cassandra is Macy's philosophy of "doing more with less." You will see why we emphasize the performance tuning aspects of iterative development when you see how much processing we can support on relatively small configurations.
This session will cover:
1) The process that led to our decision to use Cassandra
2) The approach we used for migrating from DB2 & Coherence to Cassandra without disrupting the production environment
3) The various schema options that we tried and how we settled on the current one. We'll show you a selection of some of our extensive performance tuning benchmarks, as well as how these performance results figured into our final schema designs.
4) Our lessons learned and next steps
Presentació a càrrec d'Ismael Fernández i Cristian
Gomollón (tècnics d'Aplicacions al CSUC) duta a terme a la "3a Jornada de formació sobre l'ús del servei de càlcul" celebrada el 29 d'octubre de 2020 en format virtual.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. SYLLABUS:- Operating System
UNIT DETAILS
I
Introduction: Evolution of OS, Types of OS, Basic h/w support
necessary for modern operating systems, services provided by OS,
system programs and system calls, system design and implementation.
II
File systems: File concept, Access methods, Disk space management
and space allocation strategies, directory structures, Recovery, Log-
structured File System, disk arm scheduling strategies.
III
Scheduling: Process concept, process control block, Types of scheduler,
context switch, threads, multithreading model, goals of scheduling and
different scheduling algorithms, examples from WINDOWS 2000 &
LINUX.
3. SYLLABUS:- Operating System
UNIT DETAILS
IV
Memory management: Contiguous allocation, Relocation, Paging,
Segmentation, Segmentation with paging, demand paging, page faults
and instruction restart , page replacement algorithms , working sets ,
Locality, Thrashing, Garbage Collection .
V
Process cooperation and synchronization: Concurrency conditions,
Critical section problem, software and hardware solution, semaphores,
conditional critical regions and monitors, classical inter process
communication problems.
VI
Deadlocks & Protection: Deadlock definition, Prevention, Avoidance,
Detection and recovery, Goals of Protection, access matrix,
4. COURSE OUTCOME
CO.6 Define deadlock and implement methods for its
avoidance, detection and identify goals of protection.
5. Banker’s Algorithm
• Banker’s Algorithm is used to determine whether a process’s
request for allocation of resources be safely granted
immediately.
or
• The grant of request be deferred to a later stage.
• For the banker’s algorithm to operate, each process has to a
priori specify its maximum requirement of resources.
• A process is admitted for execution only if its maximum
requirement of resources is within the system capacity of
resources.
•The Banker’s algorithm is an example of resource allocation
policy that avoids deadlock.
6. Example:- Consider the following table of a system:
Process Allocated Max Available
R1 R2 R3 R4 R1 R2 R3 R4 R1 R2 R3 R4
P1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0
P2 2 0 0 0 2 7 5 0
P3 0 0 3 4 6 6 5 0
P4 2 3 5 4 4 3 5 6
P5 0 3 3 2 0 6 5 2
1. Compute NEED Matrix.
2. Is the system in safe state? Justify.
7. Solution:- Consider the following table of the system:
Process Allocated Max Available
R1 R2 R3 R4 R1 R2 R3 R4 R1 R2 R3 R4
P1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0
P2 2 0 0 0 2 7 5 0
P3 0 0 3 4 6 6 5 0
P4 2 3 5 4 4 3 5 6
P5 0 3 3 2 0 6 5 2
1. Compute NEED Matrix = ?
Need [i] = Max[i] - Allocated[i],
Therefore,
9. 2. Is the system is Safe State?
By applying the Banker’s Algorithm:
Let Avail = Available; i.e . Avail = {2,1,0,0}
Iteration 1. Check all processes from P1 to P5.
For P1:
if (P1 Need < Avail )TRUE
then calculate
Avail= Avail + Allocated [P1]
= {2,1,0,0} + = {0,0,1,2}
Avail = {2,1,1,2}
10. 2. Is the system is Safe State?
By applying the Banker’s Algorithm:
Iteration 1.
For P2:
if (P2 Need < Avail )FALSE
//then Check for next process.
For P3:
if (P3 Need < Avail ) FALSE
//then Check for next process.
11. 2. Is the system is Safe State?
By applying the Banker’s Algorithm:
Iteration 1.
For P4:
if (P4 Need < Avail )TRUE
then calculate
Avail= Avail + Allocated [P4]
= {2,1,1,2} + = {2,3,5,4}
Avail = {4,4,6,6}
12. 2. Is the system is Safe State?
By applying the Banker’s Algorithm:
Iteration 1.
For P5:
if (P5 Need < Avail )TRUE
then calculate
Avail= Avail + Allocated [P5]
= {4,4,6,6} + = {0,3,3,2}
Avail = {4,7,9,8}
13. 2. Is the system is Safe State?
By applying the Banker’s Algorithm:
Iteration 2. Check only process P2 to P3.
For P2:
if (P2 Need < Avail )TRUE
then calculate
Avail= Avail + Allocated [P2]
= {4,7,9,8} + = {2,0,0,0}
Avail = {6,7,9,8}
14. 2. Is the system is Safe State?
By applying the Banker’s Algorithm:
Iteration 2. Check only process P2 to P3.
For P3:
if (P3 Need < Avail )TRUE
then calculate
Avail= Avail + Allocated [P3]
= {6,7,9,8} + = {0,0,3,4}
Avail = {6,7,12,12} =System Capacity
15. Since, all the processes got TRUE marked, no further iterations
are required.
Therefore, Safe Sequence = P1, P4, P5, P2 , P3
Therefore, the System is in the Safe State.
