The document discusses the evolution of database technology towards hyperdatabases. A hyperdatabase manages distributed objects, software components, and workflows, providing higher-order data independence compared to traditional databases. It abstracts from current infrastructure technologies. A hyperdatabase has a flexible schema for interconnected data nodes and handles big data, high performance queries more efficiently than traditional databases through horizontal scalability. It achieves data independence by decoupling physical storage from logical representation.

1. EVOLUTION OF DATABASE
TECHNOLOGY: HYPER
DATABASES
GROUP MEMBERS:
JAMIL MALIK
HAMZA BIN MAQSOOD
SAMAMA QURESHI

2. ABSTRACT:
• Our vision is that hyper databases become available that extend and evolve from
database technology. Hyper databases move up to a higher level, closer to the
applications. A hyperdata base manages distributed objects and software
components as well as workflows, in analogy to a database system that manages
data and transactions. In short, hyper databases will provide "higher order data
independence", e.g., immunity of applications against changes in the
implementation of components and workload transparency. Such an evolution of
database technology should keep its pivotal role as infrastructure for application
development for data-intensive, central and distributed application. The
hyperdata base concept abstracts from the host of current infrastructures and
middleware technology.

3. TRADITIONAL FILE BASE SYSTEM:
• A file-based data management system (also called a file system) is a type of software
that allows users to access and organize small groups of data. It is usually integrated
into a computer's operating system and is responsible for storing and retrieving files from
a storage medium, such as a hard disk or flash drive.

5. CONS OF TRADITIONAL FILE SYSTEM:

6. WHAT IS THE HYPERDATA BASE CONCEPT?
• A Hyperdata base (HDB) is a database over databases. A HDB administers
objects that are composed of objects and transactions that are composed of
transactions. In a more general setting we say that a HDB administers
distributed components in a networked environment and provides a kind of
higher order “data independence”. Data independence was a major
breakthrough when relational databases were propagated. Now we must
strive for immunity of application programs not only against changes in
storage and access structure but also - and this is the point here - against
changes in location, implementation, and potential replication of complete
software components and their services.

7. NEED OF HYPERDATA BASE:
• When modern database systems have been introduced twenty years ago they
have been considered as infrastructure and main platform for application
development of data-intensive applications. Data independence was found to a
breakthrough in that programmers were freed from dealing with low level details
of accessing (shared) data with respect to both performance and correct
concurrency. In the meantime the hardware and software technology has
changed dramatically. Consequently, the role of databases and database
technology in today's environment must be revisited and newly determined.

8. DIFFERENCE B/W DB AND HDB?
• A database is a collection of structured data that is stored and organized in a way that allows for easy retrieval
and manipulation. A hyperdata base, on the other hand, is a type of database that is designed to store and
manage large amounts of complex, interconnected data.
• Structure: A traditional database has a fixed schema, which defines the structure of the data stored in the
database. A hyperdata base, on the other hand, has a flexible schema that can adapt to changing data structures
and relationships.
• Interconnectedness: A traditional database stores data in tables, with each table representing a separate entity.
A hyperdata base, on the other hand, stores data in a network of interconnected nodes, with each node
representing an entity and each edge representing a relationship between two entities.
• Scalability: A traditional database can be scaled horizontally (by adding more servers) or vertically (by adding
more resources to a single server). A hyperdata base, on the other hand, is designed to scale horizontally by
adding more servers.

9. CONTI:
• Performance: Hyperdata base can handle big data, high performance, and complex
queries more efficiently than traditional databases.

10. DATA INDEPENDENCE:
• Data independence in a hyperdata base refers to the ability of the system to
decouple the physical storage of data from the logical representation of data. This
means that the system can change the way data is stored without affecting the
way the data is accessed or used by the application.

11. DECOUPLING OF DATABASE:
• In a hyperdata base, decoupling refers to the separation of the physical storage of
data from the logical representation of data. This means that the physical storage
of data, such as the location of data on disk or the specific storage technology
used, is separate from the logical representation of data, such as the schema or
the relationships between data.

12. HOW TO ACHIEVE DATA INDEPENDENCE IN
HYPER DATABASE?
• In a hyperdata base, data independence is achieved by using a flexible schema,
which allows the system to adapt to changing data structures and relationships.
Additionally, the use of a network of interconnected nodes, rather than a fixed set
of tables, allows for more flexibility in the way data is stored and accessed.