The French Revolution began as a response to a financial crisis that left France deeply in debt. King Louis XVI called together the Estates General to address reforms but divisions emerged over voting procedures. The Third Estate formed the National Assembly and seized power. Peasant uprisings broke out as economic conditions worsened. The storming of the Bastille marked the start of the Revolution. Reforms attacked the power of the nobility and church, radicalizing conservatives and foreign monarchs against the Revolution. Internal divisions grew as radical Jacobins took power and the Reign of Terror began, eliminating enemies of the state under Robespierre until his own fall from power.
The French Revolution began in 1789 when French peasants overran the Bastille prison in Paris, marking the start of drastic change in France. The King and Queen were then publicly executed by guillotine during the period known as The Terror, where the new rulers executed hundreds of the King's supporters and each other. Control of the country was eventually seized by Napoleon Bonaparte. The French Revolution is important to study because it fought for the values of liberty, equality, and fraternity that are still held dear today. It also shows how ordinary people can make radical change by overthrowing an ancient dictatorship and introducing democracy. The revolutionary spirit of fighting for liberty, equality, and fraternity still lives on as those goals have yet to be
The French Revolution began due to financial crisis and resentment from the Third Estate towards the unequal system dominated by the First and Second Estates. This led commoners to storm the Bastille and establish the National Assembly. The Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man, establishing a constitutional monarchy. However, as unrest grew, the monarchy was overthrown and the radical Reign of Terror installed, during which Robespierre had thousands executed. The Revolution ultimately gave way to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte as leader of France.
The French Revolution was caused by social inequalities, unfair taxation that burdened the poor, and new Enlightenment ideas that inspired the people to seek change. The Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to write a constitution. This led to unrest, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, revolutionary violence increased in the following years as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then rose to power and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, executing over 40,000 people with the guillotine before he too was over
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by the commoners, marking a turning point where the king's authority collapsed. Key events included the commoners taking the Tennis Court Oath to draft a constitution, and the National Assembly abolishing aristocratic privileges and adopting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen establishing liberty, equality, and resistance to oppression. However, the revolution grew more radical over time, with King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette eventually being put on trial and guillotined. Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror to eliminate enemies of the revolution, establishing a period of violence from
Learn about the French Revolution. Instigators, Major Events during this time period and the effects/ ending are covered here.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
The document provides an overview of the French Revolution in three sections - pre-revolution, the revolution, and post-revolution. It defines key terms like absolute monarchy and discusses the three main causes of the revolution as the worsening financial condition of the government, economic depression, and new ideas of the Enlightenment movement. It also summarizes some of the major events of the revolution like the storming of the Bastille and execution of Louis XVI, as well as the different governments that followed like the National Convention.
The document provides an overview of the French Revolution through three sections: pre-revolution, the revolution, and post-revolution. It defines key terms like absolute monarchy and discusses the three main causes of the revolution as the worsening financial condition of the government, economic depression, and new ideas of the Enlightenment movement. It also summarizes some of the major events of the revolution like the storming of the Bastille and execution of Louis XVI, as well as the different governments that followed.
The French Revolution began as a response to a financial crisis that left France deeply in debt. King Louis XVI called together the Estates General to address reforms but divisions emerged over voting procedures. The Third Estate formed the National Assembly and seized power. Peasant uprisings broke out as economic conditions worsened. The storming of the Bastille marked the start of the Revolution. Reforms attacked the power of the nobility and church, radicalizing conservatives and foreign monarchs against the Revolution. Internal divisions grew as radical Jacobins took power and the Reign of Terror began, eliminating enemies of the state under Robespierre until his own fall from power.
The French Revolution began in 1789 when French peasants overran the Bastille prison in Paris, marking the start of drastic change in France. The King and Queen were then publicly executed by guillotine during the period known as The Terror, where the new rulers executed hundreds of the King's supporters and each other. Control of the country was eventually seized by Napoleon Bonaparte. The French Revolution is important to study because it fought for the values of liberty, equality, and fraternity that are still held dear today. It also shows how ordinary people can make radical change by overthrowing an ancient dictatorship and introducing democracy. The revolutionary spirit of fighting for liberty, equality, and fraternity still lives on as those goals have yet to be
The French Revolution began due to financial crisis and resentment from the Third Estate towards the unequal system dominated by the First and Second Estates. This led commoners to storm the Bastille and establish the National Assembly. The Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man, establishing a constitutional monarchy. However, as unrest grew, the monarchy was overthrown and the radical Reign of Terror installed, during which Robespierre had thousands executed. The Revolution ultimately gave way to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte as leader of France.
The French Revolution was caused by social inequalities, unfair taxation that burdened the poor, and new Enlightenment ideas that inspired the people to seek change. The Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to write a constitution. This led to unrest, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, revolutionary violence increased in the following years as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then rose to power and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, executing over 40,000 people with the guillotine before he too was over
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by the commoners, marking a turning point where the king's authority collapsed. Key events included the commoners taking the Tennis Court Oath to draft a constitution, and the National Assembly abolishing aristocratic privileges and adopting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen establishing liberty, equality, and resistance to oppression. However, the revolution grew more radical over time, with King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette eventually being put on trial and guillotined. Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror to eliminate enemies of the revolution, establishing a period of violence from
Learn about the French Revolution. Instigators, Major Events during this time period and the effects/ ending are covered here.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
The document provides an overview of the French Revolution in three sections - pre-revolution, the revolution, and post-revolution. It defines key terms like absolute monarchy and discusses the three main causes of the revolution as the worsening financial condition of the government, economic depression, and new ideas of the Enlightenment movement. It also summarizes some of the major events of the revolution like the storming of the Bastille and execution of Louis XVI, as well as the different governments that followed like the National Convention.
The document provides an overview of the French Revolution through three sections: pre-revolution, the revolution, and post-revolution. It defines key terms like absolute monarchy and discusses the three main causes of the revolution as the worsening financial condition of the government, economic depression, and new ideas of the Enlightenment movement. It also summarizes some of the major events of the revolution like the storming of the Bastille and execution of Louis XVI, as well as the different governments that followed.
1. The document summarizes the events of the French Revolution from the late 18th century Old Regime up until the establishment of the Third Republic in the late 19th century. It describes the social classes and inequalities under the Old Regime, the storming of the Bastille and start of the Revolution, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power as emperor.
2. After Napoleon's defeat, the monarchy was restored but faced instability. The Revolution's ideals of liberty and equality influenced new republican governments. France switched between monarchies and republics, eventually becoming the Third Republic after losing the Franco-Prussian War.
France in the late 18th century was divided into an unequal social hierarchy consisting of the First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), and Third Estate (everyone else). King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were disliked due to lavish spending while the Third Estate faced heavy taxes. Growing social tensions erupted in the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789 and the transfer of the royal family to Paris, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. The National Assembly established a new constitution and declared rights of citizens, but internal conflicts and threats from other European nations led to a period of turmoil known as the Reign of Terror.
Powerpoint point 1, french revolution- Michael Jenningsjenni2ms
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The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the causes of revolution, including excessive spending under Louis XIV, debt from supporting the American Revolution, and unequal representation of the three estates. Tensions rose and the National Assembly was formed after the storming of the Bastille. The Declaration of the Rights of Man established new rights and freedoms. The Revolution grew more radical over time, leading to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror from 1793-94. After this, the Directory reorganized the government until Napoleon's rise to power. The Revolution dramatically restructured French politics and society and spread ideas of nationalism.
The French Revolution began due to long-standing divisions in French society between the privileged estates and the commoners who paid most of the taxes. Facing a financial crisis, King Louis XVI called the Estates-General, an advisory body, to meet for the first time in over 150 years. The Third Estate, representing the commoners, demanded equal representation which led to the formation of the National Assembly. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, the Assembly abolished feudalism and declared basic rights and liberties in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. However, as the Revolution grew more radical, the monarchy was suspended and the King was taken captive, marking the end of the old regime.
The French Revolution occurred between 1787 and 1799, climaxing in 1789 and marking the end of the ancient regime in France. Growing discontent with the monarchy and unequal taxation system led the Third Estate to form the National Assembly and storm the Bastille prison. Key events included the Tennis Court Oath, the storming of the Bastille on July 14th 1789, and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen establishing liberty, equality and fraternity. The revolution led to the establishment of the First French Republic in 1792 and the execution of King Louis XVI, followed by the Reign of Terror under Robespierre and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 marked a major step in the French Revolution. Hundreds of citizens attacked the Bastille prison to steal gunpowder and weapons to fight against the monarchy. While some revolutionaries like Francois died in the attack, others like the narrator were able to collect gunpowder. King Louis XVI was eventually captured and executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793. The Reign of Terror followed under Robespierre, where thousands were executed until he too was guillotined. On November 9, 1799, Napoleon crowned himself emperor of France, bringing stability after the chaos of the revolution.
The document provides an overview of the major events and developments of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1795, including:
- The storming of the Bastille prison and the abolition of feudalism in 1789.
- The establishment of the National Assembly and Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
- The overthrow of the monarchy and execution of Louis XVI in 1793.
- The establishment of the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 led by Robespierre to consolidate the revolution amid foreign and civil wars.
- The end of the Reign of Terror in 1794 with Robespierre's execution and
This PPS is about French Revolution - How and why did it happen, what were its outcomes and impacts. I have kept in mind the syllabus of Class IX, NCERT while preparing this PPS, but is useful for others also.
The French Revolution:
- The causes of the revolution
- Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of terror
- Fall of the Jacobins
- Rise of the Directory
- Napoleon Bonaparte
The document summarizes the political system of the Old Regime in France and the rise of the Enlightenment movement in response. Under the Old Regime, King Louis XIV ruled as an absolute monarch, believing he received power directly from God. Society was stratified between the privileged nobility and clergy versus the discriminated Third Estate. The Enlightenment emerged in the 18th century as intellectuals criticized the Old Regime and advocated for reason, science, progress, and equal rights over religion and absolute rule. Their ideas spread through publications like the Encyclopaedia and salon discussions. Some monarchs accepted Enlightenment reforms while refusing to give up their own power in what was called "Enlightened Despotism."
The French Revolution was caused by economic crisis, social inequality, and the influence of the Enlightenment. The French population was divided into three estates, with the first two estates (clergy and nobility) making up only 3% of the population but holding most power and wealth, exempt from most taxes. The third estate (everyone else) faced heavy taxes without fair representation. King Louis XVI faced debt and called the Estates General meeting, but the three estates could not agree on reforms. The third estate formed the National Assembly and ended absolute monarchy, leading to open rebellion and the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris in July 1789.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French absolute monarchy and feudal system of government. Financial troubles and new Enlightenment ideas led the Third Estate to revolt and form the National Assembly. This sparked the storming of the Bastille and spread of rebellion across France. The Revolution established a constitutional monarchy at first, then a republic after deposing and executing King Louis XVI. The Reign of Terror followed under Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety, until his overthrow in the Thermidorian Reaction. Napoleon later rose to power as First Consul and crowned himself Emperor in 1804.
The French Revolution overthrew the Estates system of the ancient regime, establishing a constitutional monarchy but eventually becoming a republic led by Maximilien Robespierre. Financial distress from war debts and poor harvests led to unrest among the Third Estate, who stormed the Bastille and established the National Assembly. The Assembly abolished feudalism and established civil liberties and rights of man, though the monarchy was eventually overthrown and Louis XVI was executed during the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre. The Revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic and influenced other revolutions around the world.
The French Revolution began with economic problems and calls for political reform. In May 1789, the Estates General met but the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly after being denied fair voting. They took the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. King Louis XVI accepted limited power but secretly planned to dissolve the Assembly. Rising bread prices and rumors of a royalist attack led to the storming of the Bastille prison on July 14, 1789, marking the start of the revolution. The National Assembly established rights and freedoms in the Declaration of the Rights of Man but the King remained opposed to reforms.
The French Revolution was caused by an unfair social order, a weak king with financial problems, and new enlightenment ideas challenging the old order. French society was divided into the clergy and aristocracy who did not pay taxes and controlled most of the land, and the commoners who paid all the taxes. As anger grew over this imbalance and a failed wheat crop, the commoners stormed the Bastille prison in 1789, beginning the French Revolution. The revolution had lasting effects including equality under the law, universal suffrage, religious freedom, and rights for the accused in trial. It changed societies around the world by ending privilege based solely on birth.
French Revolution - Not a fiction - Completed by @hax_pix on twitter Hussain Haafiz
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The French Revolution was a violent liberal movement against the conservative French monarchy from 1789 to 1799. It overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. The Revolution was caused by widespread dissatisfaction with the absolute monarchy and unequal system of estates, as well as enlightenment ideals. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, establishment of the National Assembly, execution of King Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
His 102 chapter 25 turmoil between the warsdcyw1112
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The document summarizes the rise of authoritarian dictatorships in Europe following World War 1. It describes the Russian Civil War and the establishment of Lenin and Stalin's communist rule in the Soviet Union. It also discusses the rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and the failure of democracy in Germany, which paved the way for Hitler and the Nazis to rise to power. Key events included the Russian Civil War, Stalin's collectivization policies, the Great Terror, Mussolini's march on Rome, and Hitler being appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933.
The french revolution (Marthand Classes)Aditya Mishra
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The French Revolution began in 1789 due to financial troubles from wars and an extravagant royal court that led the king to impose high taxes, mostly on the Third Estate. As economic conditions worsened and ideas of equality and democracy spread, the Third Estate revolted and formed the National Assembly. On July 14, 1789 angry mobs in Paris stormed the Bastille prison, starting the Revolution. France became a constitutional monarchy but growing unrest led to the establishment of the First French Republic in 1792 and the execution of the king and queen. A Reign of Terror followed under Robespierre until his own execution in 1794, after which the Directory ruled until Napoleon's rise to power.
The French Revolution began as a result of a financial crisis that left France in massive debt. King Louis XVI was a weak ruler unable to address problems or raise taxes without approval from the Estates General, an advisory body that had not met since 1614. When the Estates General did meet in 1789, the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and seized power. This led to the storming of the Bastille and the abolition of feudalism. Economic troubles and divisions escalated tensions, resulting in the Reign of Terror led by Maximilien Robespierre that saw tens of thousands executed before his own fall from power in 1794.
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to political and economic grievances with the monarchy. The Third Estate, which made up 97% of the population but had no political power, demanded equal representation. When King Louis XVI refused, the Bastille prison was stormed on July 14th, 1789, marking the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished the special privileges of the nobility and clergy and created a constitutional monarchy, declaring equal rights and liberties for all citizens. However, foreign threats and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette led to the Reign of Terror, with thousands executed by guillotine under Robespierre's Jacobin leadership before it ended.
1. The document summarizes the events of the French Revolution from the late 18th century Old Regime up until the establishment of the Third Republic in the late 19th century. It describes the social classes and inequalities under the Old Regime, the storming of the Bastille and start of the Revolution, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power as emperor.
2. After Napoleon's defeat, the monarchy was restored but faced instability. The Revolution's ideals of liberty and equality influenced new republican governments. France switched between monarchies and republics, eventually becoming the Third Republic after losing the Franco-Prussian War.
France in the late 18th century was divided into an unequal social hierarchy consisting of the First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), and Third Estate (everyone else). King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were disliked due to lavish spending while the Third Estate faced heavy taxes. Growing social tensions erupted in the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789 and the transfer of the royal family to Paris, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. The National Assembly established a new constitution and declared rights of citizens, but internal conflicts and threats from other European nations led to a period of turmoil known as the Reign of Terror.
Powerpoint point 1, french revolution- Michael Jenningsjenni2ms
Â
The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the causes of revolution, including excessive spending under Louis XIV, debt from supporting the American Revolution, and unequal representation of the three estates. Tensions rose and the National Assembly was formed after the storming of the Bastille. The Declaration of the Rights of Man established new rights and freedoms. The Revolution grew more radical over time, leading to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror from 1793-94. After this, the Directory reorganized the government until Napoleon's rise to power. The Revolution dramatically restructured French politics and society and spread ideas of nationalism.
The French Revolution began due to long-standing divisions in French society between the privileged estates and the commoners who paid most of the taxes. Facing a financial crisis, King Louis XVI called the Estates-General, an advisory body, to meet for the first time in over 150 years. The Third Estate, representing the commoners, demanded equal representation which led to the formation of the National Assembly. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, the Assembly abolished feudalism and declared basic rights and liberties in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. However, as the Revolution grew more radical, the monarchy was suspended and the King was taken captive, marking the end of the old regime.
The French Revolution occurred between 1787 and 1799, climaxing in 1789 and marking the end of the ancient regime in France. Growing discontent with the monarchy and unequal taxation system led the Third Estate to form the National Assembly and storm the Bastille prison. Key events included the Tennis Court Oath, the storming of the Bastille on July 14th 1789, and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen establishing liberty, equality and fraternity. The revolution led to the establishment of the First French Republic in 1792 and the execution of King Louis XVI, followed by the Reign of Terror under Robespierre and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 marked a major step in the French Revolution. Hundreds of citizens attacked the Bastille prison to steal gunpowder and weapons to fight against the monarchy. While some revolutionaries like Francois died in the attack, others like the narrator were able to collect gunpowder. King Louis XVI was eventually captured and executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793. The Reign of Terror followed under Robespierre, where thousands were executed until he too was guillotined. On November 9, 1799, Napoleon crowned himself emperor of France, bringing stability after the chaos of the revolution.
The document provides an overview of the major events and developments of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1795, including:
- The storming of the Bastille prison and the abolition of feudalism in 1789.
- The establishment of the National Assembly and Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
- The overthrow of the monarchy and execution of Louis XVI in 1793.
- The establishment of the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 led by Robespierre to consolidate the revolution amid foreign and civil wars.
- The end of the Reign of Terror in 1794 with Robespierre's execution and
This PPS is about French Revolution - How and why did it happen, what were its outcomes and impacts. I have kept in mind the syllabus of Class IX, NCERT while preparing this PPS, but is useful for others also.
The French Revolution:
- The causes of the revolution
- Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of terror
- Fall of the Jacobins
- Rise of the Directory
- Napoleon Bonaparte
The document summarizes the political system of the Old Regime in France and the rise of the Enlightenment movement in response. Under the Old Regime, King Louis XIV ruled as an absolute monarch, believing he received power directly from God. Society was stratified between the privileged nobility and clergy versus the discriminated Third Estate. The Enlightenment emerged in the 18th century as intellectuals criticized the Old Regime and advocated for reason, science, progress, and equal rights over religion and absolute rule. Their ideas spread through publications like the Encyclopaedia and salon discussions. Some monarchs accepted Enlightenment reforms while refusing to give up their own power in what was called "Enlightened Despotism."
The French Revolution was caused by economic crisis, social inequality, and the influence of the Enlightenment. The French population was divided into three estates, with the first two estates (clergy and nobility) making up only 3% of the population but holding most power and wealth, exempt from most taxes. The third estate (everyone else) faced heavy taxes without fair representation. King Louis XVI faced debt and called the Estates General meeting, but the three estates could not agree on reforms. The third estate formed the National Assembly and ended absolute monarchy, leading to open rebellion and the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris in July 1789.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French absolute monarchy and feudal system of government. Financial troubles and new Enlightenment ideas led the Third Estate to revolt and form the National Assembly. This sparked the storming of the Bastille and spread of rebellion across France. The Revolution established a constitutional monarchy at first, then a republic after deposing and executing King Louis XVI. The Reign of Terror followed under Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety, until his overthrow in the Thermidorian Reaction. Napoleon later rose to power as First Consul and crowned himself Emperor in 1804.
The French Revolution overthrew the Estates system of the ancient regime, establishing a constitutional monarchy but eventually becoming a republic led by Maximilien Robespierre. Financial distress from war debts and poor harvests led to unrest among the Third Estate, who stormed the Bastille and established the National Assembly. The Assembly abolished feudalism and established civil liberties and rights of man, though the monarchy was eventually overthrown and Louis XVI was executed during the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre. The Revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic and influenced other revolutions around the world.
The French Revolution began with economic problems and calls for political reform. In May 1789, the Estates General met but the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly after being denied fair voting. They took the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. King Louis XVI accepted limited power but secretly planned to dissolve the Assembly. Rising bread prices and rumors of a royalist attack led to the storming of the Bastille prison on July 14, 1789, marking the start of the revolution. The National Assembly established rights and freedoms in the Declaration of the Rights of Man but the King remained opposed to reforms.
The French Revolution was caused by an unfair social order, a weak king with financial problems, and new enlightenment ideas challenging the old order. French society was divided into the clergy and aristocracy who did not pay taxes and controlled most of the land, and the commoners who paid all the taxes. As anger grew over this imbalance and a failed wheat crop, the commoners stormed the Bastille prison in 1789, beginning the French Revolution. The revolution had lasting effects including equality under the law, universal suffrage, religious freedom, and rights for the accused in trial. It changed societies around the world by ending privilege based solely on birth.
French Revolution - Not a fiction - Completed by @hax_pix on twitter Hussain Haafiz
Â
The French Revolution was a violent liberal movement against the conservative French monarchy from 1789 to 1799. It overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. The Revolution was caused by widespread dissatisfaction with the absolute monarchy and unequal system of estates, as well as enlightenment ideals. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, establishment of the National Assembly, execution of King Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
His 102 chapter 25 turmoil between the warsdcyw1112
Â
The document summarizes the rise of authoritarian dictatorships in Europe following World War 1. It describes the Russian Civil War and the establishment of Lenin and Stalin's communist rule in the Soviet Union. It also discusses the rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and the failure of democracy in Germany, which paved the way for Hitler and the Nazis to rise to power. Key events included the Russian Civil War, Stalin's collectivization policies, the Great Terror, Mussolini's march on Rome, and Hitler being appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933.
The french revolution (Marthand Classes)Aditya Mishra
Â
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to financial troubles from wars and an extravagant royal court that led the king to impose high taxes, mostly on the Third Estate. As economic conditions worsened and ideas of equality and democracy spread, the Third Estate revolted and formed the National Assembly. On July 14, 1789 angry mobs in Paris stormed the Bastille prison, starting the Revolution. France became a constitutional monarchy but growing unrest led to the establishment of the First French Republic in 1792 and the execution of the king and queen. A Reign of Terror followed under Robespierre until his own execution in 1794, after which the Directory ruled until Napoleon's rise to power.
The French Revolution began as a result of a financial crisis that left France in massive debt. King Louis XVI was a weak ruler unable to address problems or raise taxes without approval from the Estates General, an advisory body that had not met since 1614. When the Estates General did meet in 1789, the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and seized power. This led to the storming of the Bastille and the abolition of feudalism. Economic troubles and divisions escalated tensions, resulting in the Reign of Terror led by Maximilien Robespierre that saw tens of thousands executed before his own fall from power in 1794.
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to political and economic grievances with the monarchy. The Third Estate, which made up 97% of the population but had no political power, demanded equal representation. When King Louis XVI refused, the Bastille prison was stormed on July 14th, 1789, marking the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished the special privileges of the nobility and clergy and created a constitutional monarchy, declaring equal rights and liberties for all citizens. However, foreign threats and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette led to the Reign of Terror, with thousands executed by guillotine under Robespierre's Jacobin leadership before it ended.
The French Revolution was caused by severe social inequality, a financial crisis due to wars, and poor harvests. It resulted in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the establishment of a republic. The Revolution had major social, economic, and political impacts, including the formation of rights for citizens and the dissolution of the estates system and monarchy in France. However, it also led to widespread violence and turmoil during the Reign of Terror.
The French Revolution was a major social and political upheaval that began in 1787 and ended in 1799. It overthrew the monarchy and established a democratic government. The Revolution was caused by social inequality resulting from the estates system, financial crisis due to costly wars, poor harvests leading to famine and rising bread prices, and the extravagant lifestyle of the French monarchy. Key events included the storming of the Bastille prison, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette by guillotine during the Reign of Terror. The Revolution had far-reaching effects on modern France and world history.
The document provides an overview of the causes and events of the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It discusses how the ideas of the Enlightenment and inequalities between the three estates led to unrest. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, bread riots, and the declaration of the Rights of Man which established new freedoms and moved France from an absolute to constitutional monarchy.
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Causes of the French Revolution
The French Revolution was sparked by political and economic problems under the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. France was deeply unequal with a system of estates that privileged the clergy and nobility over the majority Third Estate, who faced high taxes. When the king called the Estates-General to address a financial crisis, tensions erupted over issues of representation and taxation. This led the Third Estate forming the National Assembly and demanding democratic reforms and limits on royal power, marking the beginning of the Revolution in 1789.
The document provides background information on key events and figures of the French Revolution:
- La Marseillaise was composed in 1792 as the revolution was underway and France was at war with absolute monarchies.
- Major events included the storming of the Bastille in 1789, the abolition of feudalism and establishment of human rights, and the execution of King Louis XVI in 1793 after he conspired against the revolution.
- Figures mentioned include Robespierre, who led the radical Jacobin faction during the Reign of Terror but was later overthrown and guillotined along with his supporters.
The French Revolution overthrew the French monarchy and established a republic. The revolution began with the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789 and led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with the Declaration of the Rights of Man. However, the revolution soon turned more radical under Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of Terror, where tens of thousands were executed by guillotine. The revolution eventually gave way to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as emperor, though he was later defeated and exiled.
The document provides historical context about life in France under the Old Regime prior to the French Revolution. It describes how the system was structured around an absolute monarch and three estates, with the Third Estate (commoners) facing heavy taxation while having no political rights or say in government. Dissatisfaction grew as Enlightenment ideas spread and as the American Revolution inspired calls for more freedoms and representative government. Economic troubles further fueled unrest leading up to the start of the French Revolution.
Under the Old Regime system in France before the revolution, there was an absolute monarch (the King) and a three estate social structure that divided people based on their social class. The Third Estate, which comprised 98% of the population, paid the most taxes and had no political power or say in government. As Enlightenment ideas spread and as the people saw the success of the American Revolution, the bourgeoisie (educated citizens) of the Third Estate began demanding more rights and representation, driving the revolution. When Louis XVI called the Estates General in 1789 due to financial problems but refused the Third Estate's demand to vote based on population, it led the Third Estate to form the National Assembly and swear the Tennis Court
Persuasive Essay On The French Revolution
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The document summarizes the key causes of the French Revolution in 1789. It identifies political, social, and economic factors, including the absolute monarchy system, inequality between the three estates, high taxes disproportionately impacting the third estate, and financial difficulties due to wars. Philosophers like Rousseau and Voltaire also influenced growing discontent with the status quo. Overall, grievances had been building for years due to the oppressive feudal system until unrest erupted in the storming of the Bastille prison, marking the start of the Revolution.
The french revolution overview and timeline- version 2.0Cam314
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The French Revolution began in 1789 due to economic troubles in France and tensions between the three estates. The Third Estate demanded more rights and representation, leading to the storming of the Bastille and the Great Fear among peasants. The National Assembly was formed and abolished many privileges of the nobility, declaring France a constitutional monarchy. However, internal conflicts and war with other European nations escalated tensions. The monarchy was abolished and Louis XVI was executed, ushering in the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Napoleon later took control of France and established the Napoleonic Code but was eventually defeated by other European powers. The Congress of Vienna was held to stabilize Europe and restore monarchies, but could not fully contain the
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the unfair taxation system that burdened the third estate and led to unrest. Major developments included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the abolition of feudalism. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, though this gave way to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Eventually, a Directory assumed power in France as the Revolution came to an end.
The French Revolution was more revolutionary than the American Revolution and had long-lasting effects on history. It began due to financial problems and widespread hunger in France under the Ancien RÊgime system. The revolution took a radical turn as the monarchy was abolished and a republican system was formed, leading to increased violence including the execution of King Louis XVI. While the goals of liberty and equality were promoted, the revolution failed to protect these rights in practice.
This document provides an overview of the French Revolution and Napoleon's rise to power between 1789-1815. It discusses the social structure and economic troubles under the Old Regime, the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a republic, the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre, and Napoleon's eventual seizure of power and establishment of the First French Empire.
The document provides historical context about the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It summarizes that the Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment philosophers but ultimately resulted in widespread violence and turmoil across France, with over 40,000 executions and millions of deaths. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of a National Assembly, and the rise of radical figures like Robespierre who helped unleash the Reign of Terror. The economic troubles and debt crisis facing France exacerbated political tensions and unrest.
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
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The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
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Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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IvÃĄn Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
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These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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4. I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Crisis in the French Monarchy
The Revolution of 1789
The Reconstruction of France
The Second Revolution
The Reign of Terror
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
4
5. A.
B.
C.
The financial crisis
Louis XIV was a weak ruler
The Estates General
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
5
6. īFrance was in massive debt
ī The 7 year war
ī The American Revolution
ī Lifestyle of the Bourbon family
īNobility or the Parlements refused to increase taxes
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
6
7. īLittle influence over nobility
ī Nobility did not want to increase taxes
ī Would not raise taxes unless Estates General met
ī It had not met since 1614.
īLittle influence with public
ī Sex scandals
īOften unable to address pressing issues
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
7
8. ī The First Estate: Catholic Church
ī Controlled about 10% of the land.
ī Paid a 2% gift to the monarch
ī The Second Estate: The Nobility
ī Less than 2% of the population.
ī Owned 25% of the land
ī Could tax peasants at will.
ī Resented authority of crown
ī The Third Estate: everyone else
ī The emerging Bourgeoisie.
ī The urban working class.
ī Peasant farmers.
ī Carried the majority of the tax burden.
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
8
9. A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Meeting of the Estates General
The National Assembly
The Tennis Court Oath
Fall of the Bastille
The Great Fear
March on Versailles
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
9
10. īAll Estates agreed change was needed
ī Political reform
ī Address corruption
īBut bitter division over how to vote.
ī Vote by order, Third Estate will lose 2-1.
ī Vote by Head, Third Estate wins 610-591.
īKing Louis XVI requests estates to meet separately
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
10
11. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
11
12. īThird Estate refuses and forms National Assembly
īInvites 2nd and 3rd Estate to sit with them
īSeized power away from the First and Second estates
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
12
13. īVowed to write a
constitution
īMembers of other estates
joined
īKing capitulated to
National Assembly
īThe Declaration of the
Rights of Man and
citizenâs.
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
13
14. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
14
15. ī Paris was a model of instability.
ī Poor wheat crop cause price increases.
ī High price of bread diminished demand for other goods.
ī Riots over rising prices of bread.
ī Louis XVI called for his Swiss guards to come to Paris
ī To Protect the crown
ī The crowds feared this move.
ī The National Assembly feared the Guards were coming after them.
ī Peasants attack Bastille to seize weapons for defense
ī This is NOT the Assembly
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
15
16. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
16
17. īPeasant mobs rise against
nobility.
ī Attacked manors
ī Destroyed legal documents
ī Seized land
ī Stopped paying taxes
īNational Assembly forces Louis
XVI to end Feudalism
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
17
18. īRising bread prices anger woman of Paris.
ī They march on the assembly.
ī They march to Versailles.
īThe woman and mobs attack Versailles.
īForce King to agree to return to Paris.
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
18
19. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
19
20. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
20
21. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
21
23. īCitizenship and voting based on tax payers
īCreated 83 departments
ī Replaced all provincial power
ī Further crippled nobility
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
23
24. īAssembly outlawed labor unions
ī Counter to individualism
īAssembly confiscated the land of the Church
īIssued Assignats or bonds
ī Issued too many and led to inflation
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
24
25. īTransformed Catholic Church into secular part of
state.
ī Between loss of lands and this catholic church was very
angry
ī Even members of Church who supported the assembly
opposed the Revolution now.
ī Really angered the Pope
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
25
26. īThe revolution threatened political and social order
across Europe
ī The Vatican
ī French Nobility or Emigres
ī The King tried to flee, but was caught
ī Monarchs of Europe saw its as a threat
īDeclaration of Pillnitz
ī Frederick II of Prussia vowed to protect Marie Antoinette
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
26
28. īPolitical Party of the Revolution
ī Influenced by Rousseau and Enlightenment
ī Emerged as early leaders of assembly
īDeclared war on Austria as a threat to the Revolution
(1792)
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
28
29. īFormed to govern Paris during the war
īConsisted of mobs of people to protect the revolution
ī Feared the counter revolutionaries
īAttacked the prison
īAttacked the royal residence
ī Imprisoned the family
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
29
30. īShop keepers, workers and artisans
ī Primarily the poor
īVery angry at price of food
ī People have a right to food
ī Angry at the Jacobins
īDivisions in the assembly
ī The left was extremely revolutionary
ī The Right wanted a constitutional Monarchy
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
30
31. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
31
32. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
32
33. A.
B.
C.
D.
War with Europe
The Levee en Masse
Committee on Public safety
The end of Terror
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
33
34. īFrance was at war with Britain, Austria and Prussia
ī Europe feared the revolution
īThe radicals of the revolution saw a need to defend
the revolution
ī Viewed early leaders of the revolution as a threat
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
34
35. īMobilize the entire population
ī Over 1 million men
ī Included women
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
35
36. īHad power to defend the revolution from internal
threats
ī Headed by Maximillian Robespierre
īDetermined to build a âRepublic of Virtueâ
īFrom 1793 â1794 put on trial all enemies of the state.
ī Christians and women
ī Anyone less radical than Robespierre.
ī 40,000 people killed.
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
36
37. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
37
38. īRobespierre creates âCult of Supreme Beingâ
īRemaining leaders fear his power
īRobespierre accuses them of conspiracy
īThis is the end of Robespierre
īPeriod becomes known as Reign of Terror
10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
38
39. 10.2 Causes and consequences of the French Revolution
03/07/14
39
40. It was the best of times,
it was the worst of times,
it was the age of wisdom,
it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief,
it was the epoch of incredulityâĻ
-- Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities
41.
42. French Revolution
Trouble is brewing
in France
Why it matters:
âĸ The French Revolution became the
model for revolution in the modern world.
âĸ The power of nationalism was first
experienced during the French Revolution
and it is still powerful in existing nations and
emerging nations today.
âĸ The French Revolution spread the principles of
liberty and equality, which are held dear by many
nations and individuals today.
43.
44. The French Revolution of 1789
student outline
1. Rule of kings until 1789
2. Estates general called in 1789
3. Fall of Bastille July 1789
4. New Constitution 1789-1791
5. Republic 1792
6. Extremists in power 1793
7. Reign of Terror 1793-1794
8. The Directory 1795
9. Napoleon First Consul 1799
47. Queen Marie Antoinette: Love Her or Hate Her
âĸ When she was 14 years old, her mother sent her to Paris to marry the
Dauphin and become France's future Queen. Maria Teresa thought her a
silly girl ("Her age craves indulgence," she wrote father-in-law Louis XV)-and only sent her when her other daughters defaulted and she had no other
choice (beautiful Marie Elizabeth, for example, contracted small pox and
became too ugly to qualify). Indeed, Marie Antoinette had been a lousy
student, didn't like to read, and could barely write.
âĸ Her 15-year-old husband, the future Louis XVI, was a shy, gawky boy who
most loved hunting, reading history, and working in his little locksmith
shop. Whereas womanizing Louis XV immediately examined his daughterin-law's breasts (and was disappointed--she was, after all, only 14), the
future Louis XVI was not able to complete the sex act with his bride for a
whole 7 years and 3 months after the wedding.
48. For 7 years and 3 months, then, Marie
Antoinette filled her life with other
gay pursuits--dancing, music,
gambling; theatricals, buying things,
gambling; riding horses, frisking with
dogs, gambling--and she shocked the
pants off France when she made an
outing with courtiers and her
household one morning to watch
daybreak--the so-called l'lever
d'Aurore. Positively Rousseau-esque!
Decadent and unqueenly! It prompted
the first of thousands of vitriolic
pamphlets written against her
specifically.
In 1774, Louis XV died, and King Louis
XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette
ascended to the throne.
49. Queen Marie Antoinette: Love Her or Hate Her
âĸFinally in 1778, thanks to the intervention in 1777
of Marie Antoinette's brother Joseph (the future
Holy Roman Emperor) in the role of sex therapist,
the King and Queen delivered a healthy baby
girl...followed by a son in 1781, the coveted
Dauphin and future King...another son in
1785...and daughter Sophie in 1786. These were
the Queen's happiest years--so fulfilled as a
mother, by her own account, that she packed on
weight and mostly gave up her antic behavior.
But sad days followed fast: Sophie died in 1787.
The Dauphin, always a sickly boy, became
hideously diseased, crippled, and feverish as he
slipped into advanced tuberculosis. And, with the
treasury empty, bread riots everywhere, and the
fear of war rampant, the Queen got the blame.
57. The French Urban Poor
80
70
60
50
1787
1788
40
30
20
10
0
% of Income Spent on Bread
58. Financial Problems
in France, 1789
a
Urban Commonerâs
Budget:
â Food
â
â
â
â
â
80%
Rent
25%
Tithe
10%
Taxes
35%
Clothing 20%
TOTAL 170%
a
Kingâs Budget:
â Interest
â
â
â
â
â
â
50%
Army
25%
Versailles 25%
Coronation 10%
Loans
25%
Admin.
25%
TOTAL
160%
59.
60. The Three Estates
The Estates General is the French body of lawmaking
Nobility
Bourgeoisie
Commoners
Peasants
Clergy
61. The Three Estates
First and Second Estates
First Estate: Clergy (1% population)
-control lots of land
-operated the schools
-aided the poor
-lived in great luxury â chateaux
-doesnât have to pay tax (taille) to King (common people pay
tax to King and tithe to church)
Second Estate: nobles
-Nobles had almost complete authority over peasants
-Nobles did not have to do military service
-Nobles were exempt from most taxes
-Nobles collected tolls from people using roads and
markets
62. The Three Estates
The Third Estate
-Workers (sans culottes)
-Bourgeoisie (businessmen)
-Peasants were forced to do military service
- Peasants could not hunt or fish on nobleâs estates
--Peasants had to pay taxes to their lord, the king, and
the Church
--Peasants had to use the lordâs mill, oven and
winepress, and pay for them
-- Peasants made up 90% of the population
63. The Number of Representatives
in the Estates General: Vote by
Head! Clergy
300
1st Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners
3rd Estate
64. Convening the Estates General
May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!
65.
66. King Louis XVI and Marie Antionette ran out of
money. He spent lots of money on two wars
against Britain.
1.
1.
2.
One in 1756 (French and Indian War or the 7
Years War)
One in 1778 (American Revolution against
Britain)
67. 2. Problems faced by peasants. They were so poor
they couldnât feed their families. Then there
were 2 years of bad harvest.
68. 3. Clergy and Nobles would not give the king more
money. Clergy and nobles had lots of land and
money but would not pay more taxes.
69. 4. Final cause of the French Revolution was ideas. A
new set of ideas called the Enlightenment
attacked the power of the king and the church.
These made lots of ordinary French people think
that they should have some of the power of the
govât.
70.
71. âThe Third Estate Awakensâ
Y The commoners finally presented their credentials not
as delegates of the Third Estate, but as ârepresentatives
of the nation.â
Y They proclaimed themselves the âNational Assemblyâ
of France.
72. â The Tennis Court Oathâ
by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789
74. What happened after the Tennis
June 20, 1789
Court oath?
The National
Assembly ruled and
created documents
and new decrees
(laws)
75. Storming the Bastille, July 14,
1789
Y A rumor that the king was planning a military coup
against the National Assembly.
Y 18 died.
Y 73 wounded.
Y 7 guards killed.
Y It held 7
prisoners
[5 ordinary
criminals & 2
madmen].
77. The Great Fear: Peasant
Revolt
(July 20, 1789)
Y There was chaos and fear everywhere as the National
Assembly took over
Y Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristos] were
sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage
their land.
78. The Path of the âGreat Fearâ
Why did the Great Fear occur?
____Peasants believed nobles
were planning to kill them and
stop revolution. Many food
shortages, so people hungry and
angry______
What was the Great Fear?
____Peasants attacked manor
houses and monasteries.
Destroyed possessions and
documents recording rents,
feudal dues and other feudal
obligations
79. The Creation of the
National Assembly
and the new
Constitution
80. National Constituent
Assembly
1789 - 1791
LibertÊ!
EgalitÊ!
FraternitÊ!
During that August there were
decrees (laws) passed that
ended the privileges of the rich
aristocracy
81. 1789 The National Assembly
continued to meet.
3 reforms of the National Assembly which occurred in
August, 1789? (August Decrees)
a. Outlawed the 10% tithe to
Catholic Church
b. Canceled all feudal dues and
services from peasants to
nobility
c. Removed privileges of First
and Second Estates,
therefore outlawed
Feudalism in France_
Equality & Meritocracy!
82. The Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the
Citizen (Aug 26, 1789)
5 rights stated in the
Declaration of the Rights of
Man.
a. men are born and
remain equal before
the law
b. Freedom of speech,
press, and religion
c. Right to take part
in government
d. Right to hold public
office
e. Right to a fair trial
83. Olympe de Gouges (1745-1793)
V Women played a vital
role in the Revolution.
V But, The Declaration of
the Rights of Man did
NOT extend the rights
and protections of
citizenship to women.
Declaration of the
Rights of Woman
and of the Citizen
(1791)
84. BUT . . . .
Y
Feudal dues were not renounced outright [this
had been too strong a threat to the principle of
private property!]
Y
Peasants would compensate their landlords
through a series of direct payments for
obligations from which they had supposedly
been freed.
ī§ Therefore, the National Assembly made
revolutionary gestures, but remained essentially
moderate.
Their Goal
Safeguard the right of private
property!!
85. BUT . . . .
Y
Many nobles flee to Europe - they hope the
other noble families will protect them and try to
retake the throne for the French king.
Y What is an emigre?French nobles
who fled to Britain, Prussia,
Switzerland
89. Laws Passed by The National
Assembly
2 laws passed by the National
Assembly which reformed France?
Divided France into 83 departments
instead of unequal provinces
all local officials to be elected
91. The Creation of the New Constitution
âĸ
The Assembly adopted its Constitution of 1791,
which set up a limited monarchy with a king and a
legislative Assembly with the power to make laws
âĸ Only the most affluent(rich) members would be
elected.
âĸ Only men over 25 who paid a specified amount in
taxes could vote. This keeps the mob from running the
govât.
âĸMany peopleâCatholic priests, nobles, and lower
classes hurt by economic hard timesâopposed the new
order.
âĸThe king tried to flee France, but he was recognized
and returned to France.
93. How to Finance the New
Govt.?
1. Confiscate and sell Church
Lands (1790)
One of the most controversial decisions of the entire
revolutionary period.
94. How to Finance the New
Govt.?
Why did the National Assembly seize lands
from the Catholic Church?
land was sold to the people and money used
to pay down the national debt
95. The Civil Constitution of the
Clergy
People in parishes would
elect their own clergy and
government pay salaries
of priests and bishops
What was the result of
this law? Catholic
Church upset and many
Catholics began to oppose
the Revolution
96. New Relations Between
Church & State
V Government paid the salaries of the French
clergy and maintained the churches.
V The church was reorganized:
ī§
The pope had NO voice in the
appointment of
the French clergy.
V It transformed Franceâs
Roman Catholic Church
into a branch of the state!!
Pope Pius VI
[1775-1799]
97. 2. Print
Assignats
V Issued by the National Constituent Assembly.
V Interest-bearing notes which had the church lands as
V
security.
Caused inflation
98. What did the National
Assembly Accomplish?
limited the authority of the king and
divided the government into 3
branches--executive, judicial,
legislative--who believed in 3
branches of government?????
99. 4 Provisions of the 1791
Constitution?
a. king couldnât make or stop law
b. .tax paying males elected members to
Legislative Assembly
c. National Assembly abolished,
Legislative Assembly established
d. No member of National Assembly could
be a member of the Legislative Assembly
100. How did Louis XIV feel about
the 1791 Constitution?
101. Louis XVI âAcceptsâ the
Constitution
& the National Assembly. 1791
Agreed, but plotted with emigres to
overthrow govât and restore Old Regime j
102. What were the problems with the
Legislative Assembly of 1791?
weak executive branch,
inexperienced legislature
elected by minority of
population, discontent among
poor, inflation
107. French Expansion: 1791-1799
During the revolution in
France other countries
are scared. They are
frightened the revolution
will spread to their lands.
Some offer support to
Louis XVI and nobles of
France.
New French army
(commoners) expands Fr
territory.
Out of this Napoleon will
arise.
108. Why did the Legislative
Assembly and Louis XVI favor
war?
Louis XVI-would defeat
revolutionary army and restore
him to power.
Legis Assemb--increase their
power and spread revolution
109. Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
C
__ 1. the middle class, including
merchants, industrialists,
and professional people
A. estate
B. relics of
feudalism
B
__ 2. obligations of peasants to
C. bourgeoisie
noble landlords that survived
D. sans-culottes
into the modern era
D
__ 3. âwithout breeches,â members of the Paris
Commune who considered themselves ordinary
patriots (in other words, they wore long trousers
instead of fine knee-length breeches)
A
__ 4. one of the three classes into which French
society was divided before the revolution: the
clergy (first estate), the nobles (second estate),
and the townspeople (third estate)
111. The Political Spectrum
conservative. Group that does not want
change--revolution had gone far enough-king
with limited authority
radical. Person who wants more changewants to get rid of king, set up republic and more
reforms
moderate. Person who does not hold extreme
views--sided with both sides depending on the
issue
113. Now there is an uprising
Due to all the continued problems and discontent
What led to uprisings in France? Failures in war and economic/food shortages
From all this discontent new voices/groups will rise in power in the FranceâĻ.
114. The Political Chaos
âĸ The Girondins (rural) wanted to keep the
king alive.
âĸ The Jacobins (especially the Mountain -left
branch) wanted the King killed.
115. There is murder and mayhem and chaos in the streets.
The Jacobins take over.
The Reign of Terror begins.
116. The September Massacres,
1792
ī
ī
ī
Rumors that the anti-revolutionary political prisoners
were plotting to break out & attack from the rear the
armies defending France, while the Prussians attacked
from the front.
Buveurs de sang [âdrinkers of blood.â]ī over 1000 killed!
It discredited the Revolution among its remaining
sympathizers abroad.
118. The steps leading to the end of the monarchy
a. Prussia vowed to destroy Paris if royal family is harmed
b. Commune demanded Legis Assemb abolish
monarchy
c. Commune accused Louis XIV of plotting with foreign powers to overthrow Const of 1791
d. Legis Assembly suspended office of king
e. Parisian mob marched to Tuileries, killed guards, and imprisoned the royal family
f. Commune ruled Paris and Legis Assembly tried to govern France
119. Legislative Assembly voted itself out of existence
and sets date for new elections--Legis Assembly a
constitutional monarchy and since no longer a
king, need a new constitution_
120.
121. The National Assembly added universal manhood
suffrage
every adult male could vote no matter
if owned property or not
124. Important Jacobins
A. One of the more important radical leaders
was Jean-Paul Marat, who published the
radical journal Friend of the People.
âĸ He argued that the poor had a right to take
from the rich whatever they needed, even
by violence!
125. â The Death of Maratâ
by Jacques Louis David,
1793
127. 1. The Sans-Culottes:
The Parisian Working Class
ī Workers
ī Small shopkeepers.
ī Tradesmen.
ī Artisans.
They felt the govât
should make sure they
had wage increases and
the price of food was
fixed!
They were the voice of
the common man!
128. 2. The Jacobins
Jacobin Meeting House
ī
Started as a debating society.
ī
Membership mostly middle class
unlike the Sans-Collotes who were
more peasant and working class.
ī
Created a vast network of clubs.
129. Who were the important
Jacobins?
B. To respond, the National Convention formed the 12member Committee of Public Safety, led first by
Danton and then by Maximilian Robespierre.
âĸ Robespierre was a lawyer and activist, so
known for his honesty that he was called
âThe Incorruptible.â
âĸ He followed Rousseauâs ideas in The
Social Contract, and he believed that
anyone who would not submit to the
general will as he interpreted it should
be executed.
133. Committee for Public
Safety
ī Itâs task was to
try enemies of
the Revolution
ī To direct the
army to try to
stop invading
armies
ī To control the
Revolution
135. A French physician, JosephIgnace Guillotin, was
instrumental in having a law
passed requiring all
sentences of death to be
carried out humanely
by âmeans of a machine.â
Use of the guillotine, named
for Guillotin,continued in
France through the 1970s.
In 1981, France outlawed
capital punishment.
136. The Reign of Terror
Terror is nothing other than justice,
prompt, severe, inflexible. -Robespierre
Let terror be
the order of
the day!
c
The Revolutionary
Tribunal of Paris alone
executed 2,639 victims
in 15 months.
c
The total number of
victims nationwide was
over 20,000!
137. Louis XVIâs Head
1793)
(January 21,
Louis XIV is
accused of
plotting against
the govât of
The National
Convention and
against France
138. Marie Antoinette Died in
October, 1793
The rest of the world is shocked that
the king and queen were executed!
140. Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain,
Sardinia.
They feared France would try to export revolutionary ideas
about overthrowing monarchy
141. The French Army was different than the old
regime
A conscription is passed.
Conscription is to draft all
unmarried 18-25 year old
men into the army
How was the new French army different from the
army of the Old Regime?
anyone could become an officer if proved their
ability
142. The Creation of the Republic
Wars
âĸ
The French revolutionary army changed the nature of
modern warfare and was an important step in creating
modern nationalism.
âĸ
Previously, small armies
fought wars between
governments and ruling
dynasties.
âĸ
The new French army was a
peopleâs army fighting a
peopleâs war on behalf
of a peopleâs government.
Warfare also became more
destructive.
143.
144. The Reign of Terror (cont.)
âĸ A new calendar was adopted. Years were
numbered from September 22, 1792, the
first day of the French Republic, and not
from Christâs birth.
âĸ The calendar contained 12 months with
each month having three weeks of 10
days, with the tenth day a day of rest.
This practice eliminated Sundays.
âĸ Robespierre realized, however, that
France was too Catholic to be
dechristianized.
145. The New Republican Calendar
New Name
Meaning
Time Period
Vendemaire
Vintage
September 22 â October 21
Brumaire
Fog
October 22 â November 20
Frimaire
Frost
November 21 â December 20
Nivose
Snow
December 21 â January 19
Pluviose
Rain
January 20 â February 18
Ventose
Wind
February 19 â March 20
Germinal
Budding
March 21 â April 19
Floreal
Flowers
April 20 â May 19
Prairial
Meadow
May 20 â June 18
Messidor
Harvest
June 19 â July 18
Thermidor
Heat
July 19 â August 17
Fructidor
Fruit
August 18 â September 21
146. Religious Terror:
De-Christianization (1793ī
1794)
The Catholic Church was linked with
The Catholic Church was linked with
real or potential counter-revolution.
ī
Religion was associated with the
Ancien RÊgime and superstitious
practices.
ī
Very popular among the sans-culottes.
ī
Therefore, religion had no place in a
rational, secular republic!
147. The De-Christianization
Program
2. The public exercise of religion was
banned.
3. The Paris Commune supported the:
ī destruction of religious & royal statues.
ī ban on clerical dress.
ī encouragement of the clergy to give up their
vocations.
2. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris
was turned into the âTemple of Reason.â
3. The deportation of priests denounced by
six citizens.
154. The âThermidorean
Reaction,â 1794
P July 26 ī Robespierre gives a
speech illustrating new
plots & conspiracies.
ī§ he alienated members of the CPS
& CGS.
ī§ many felt threatened by his
implications.
P July 27 ī the Convention arrests
Robespierre.
P July 28 ī Robespierre is tried &
guillotined!
156. The Revolution
Consumes
Its Own Children!
Danton Awaits
Execution, 1793
Robespierre Lies Wounded
Before the Revolutionary
Tribunal that will order him
to be guillotined, 1794.
158. a. Opened new schools
b. supported ideas of universal elementary education
c. encouraged religious toleration
d. established wage and price controls to stop inflation
e. adopted metric system
f. abolished slavery in French colonies
160. The Directory
The Directory
New ruling govât of France 1795-1799
Elector choose legislators
They choose 5 men to direct the country
â
They are called the Directory
161. How is it organized?
2 House legislature-500 members
Council of 500 - propose laws.
250 members - House of Ancients-vote on laws
and select executive branch.
Executive branch=5 members=directors_
162. Who voted in Directory
elections? How was this
different from elections during
the National Convention?
Male property owners, therefore
bourgeoisie controlled govt.
all men could vote during
National Convention.
163. What problems did the
Directory face?
weak, corrupt rulers,
Inflation, Used army to put
down revolts
164. īOld Regime â socio-political system which existed
in most of Europe during the 18th century
īCountries were ruled by absolutism â the
monarch had absolute control over the
government
īClasses of people â privileged and unprivileged
ī Unprivileged people â paid taxes and treated badly
ī Privileged people â did not pay taxes and treated
well
165.
166. īIn France, people were divided into three estates
ī First Estate
īHigh-ranking members of the Church
īPrivileged class
ī Second Estate
īNobility
īPrivileged class
ī Third Estate
īEveryone else â from peasants in the countryside to wealthy
bourgeoisie merchants in the cities
īUnprivileged class
167.
168. What does this contemporary political cartoon say about conditions
in France under the Old Regime?
169. īMonarch ruled by divine right
ī God put the world in motion
ī God put some people in positions of power
ī Power is given by God
ī No one can question God
ī No one can question someone put in power by God
ī Questioning the monarchy was blasphemy because it
meant questioning God
170.
171. īFranceâs economy was based primarily on agriculture
īPeasant farmers of France bore the burden of taxation
īPoor harvests meant that peasants had trouble paying
their regular taxes
ī Certainly could not afford to have their taxes raised
īBourgeoisie often managed to gather wealth
ī But were upset that they paid taxes while nobles did not
172. īThe king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and
residences like Versailles
īGovernment found its funds depleted as a result of
wars
ī Including the funding of the American Revolution
īDeficit spending â a government spending more
money than it takes in from tax revenues
īPrivileged classes would not submit to being taxed
177. īScientists during the Renaissance had discovered laws
that govern the natural world
īIntellectuals â philosophies â began to ask if natural
laws might also apply to human beings
ī Particularly to human institutions such as governments
ī Philosophers were secular in thinking â they used
reason and logic, rather than faith, religion, and
superstition, to answer important questions
ī Used reason and logic to determine how governments
are formed
īTried to figure out what logical, rational principles work to
tie people to their governments
ī Questioned the divine right of kings
178. ī Long-term causes
ī Also known as underlying causes
ī Causes which can stem back many years
ī Short-term causes
ī Also known as immediate causes
ī Causes which happen close to the moment the change or
action happens
ī Example: A person is fired from his or her job.
ī Long-term cause(s): The person is often late to work and is
generally unproductive on the job.
ī Short-term cause(s): The person fails to show up for work
and does not call the employer.
ī Key: One typically does not happen without the other.
Events which bring important change (or action) need
both long-term and short-term causes.
179.
180.
181. īWinter of 1788-1789
ī Members of the estates elected representatives
īCahiers
ī Traditional lists of grievances written by the people
ī Nothing out of the ordinary
īAsked for only moderate changes
182.
183. īVoting was conducted by estate
ī Each estate had one vote
ī First and Second Estates could operate as a bloc to stop
the Third Estate from having its way
â First Estate + â Second Estate - vs. - â Third Estate
īRepresentatives from the Third Estate demanded that
voting be by population
ī This would give the Third Estate a great advantage
īDeadlock resulted
187. âThe National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned
to establish the constitution of the kingdom, to effect the
regeneration of the public order, and to maintain the true
principles of monarchy; that nothing can prevent it from
continuing its deliberations in whatever place it may be forced
to establish itself; and, finally, that wheresoever its members
are assembled, there is the National Assembly;
âDecrees that all members of this Assembly shall immediately take
a solemn oath not to separate, and to reassemble wherever
circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is
established and consolidated upon firm foundations; and that,
the said oath taken, all members and each one of them
individually shall ratify this steadfast resolution by signature.â
188.
189. īLouis XVI did not
actually want a written
constitution
īWhen news of his plan
to use military force
against the National
Assembly reached Paris
on July 14, 1789, people
stormed the Bastille
190.
191. īParisian Commune feared that Louis XVI would have
foreign troops invade France to put down the
rebellion
ī Louis XVIâs wife, Marie Antoinette, was the sister of the
Austrian emperor
īA group of women attacked Versailles on October 5,
1789
ī Forced royal family to relocate to Paris along with
National Assembly
ī Royal family spent next several years in the Tuileries
Palace as virtual prisoners
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197. īChurch lands were seized, divided, and sold to
peasants
īCivil Constitution of the Clergy required that
Church officials be elected by the people, with salaries
paid by the government
ī 2/3 of Church officials fled the country rather than
swear allegiance to this
īAll feudal dues and tithes were eradicated
īAll special privileges of the First and Second Estates
were abolished
198. īThe 30 provinces and their âpetty tyrantsâ
(Intendants) were replaced with 83 new departments
ī Ruled by elected governors
īNew courts, with judges elected by the people, were
established
199. īDemocratic features
ī France became a limited monarchy
īKing became merely the head of state
ī All laws were created by the Legislative Assembly
ī Feudalism was abolished
īUndemocratic features
ī Voting was limited to taxpayers
ī Offices were reserved for property owners
īThis new government became known as the
Legislative Assembly
200. ī Royal family sought help from Austria
ī In June, 1791, they were caught trying to escape to Austria
ī Nobles who fled the revolution lived abroad as ÊmigrÊs
ī They hoped that, with foreign help, the Old Regime could be
restored in France
ī Church officials wanted Church lands, rights, and
privileges restored
ī Some devout Catholic peasants also supported the Church
ī Political parties, representing different interests, emerged
ī Girondists
ī Jacobins
201.
202. ī European monarchs feared that revolution would spread
to their own countries
ī France was invaded by Austrian and Prussian troops
ī In the uproar, the Commune took control of Paris
ī Commune was led by Danton, a member of the Jacobin
political party
ī Voters began electing representatives for a new convention
which would write a republican constitution for France
ī A republic is a government in which the people elect
representatives who will create laws and rule on their behalf
ī Meanwhile, thousands of nobles were executed under the
suspicion that they were conspirators in the foreign invasion
203. īOn September 22, 1792, the Convention met for the
first time
īEstablished the First French Republic
īFaced domestic opposition and strife
ī Girondists were moderates who represented the rich
middle class of the provinces
ī Jacobins (led by Marat, Danton, and Robespierre)
represented workers
īFaced opposition from abroad
ī Austria, England, Holland, Prussia, Sardinia, and Spain
formed a Coalition invading France
204. īThe Convention abolished the monarchy
ī As long as the royal family lived, the monarchy could be
restored
ī Put the royal couple on trial for treason
īConvictions were a foregone conclusion
ī Louis XVI was guillotined on January 21, 1793
ī Marie Antoinette was guillotined on October 16, 1793
ī Daughter Marie-ThÊrèse was allowed to go to Vienna
in 1795
īShe could not become queen because of Salic law, which did
not allow females to succeed to the throne
ī Son Louis-Charles, a.k.a. Louis XVII (lived 1785-1795)
was beaten and mistreated until he died in prison
205.
206.
207. The three most memorable
Jacobins were Georges
Danton, Maximilien
Robespierre, and JeanPaul Marat.
Because of a debilitating
illness, Marat was eventually
forced to work from home.
He was assassinated (in the
tub while taking a medicinal
bath) by Charlotte
Corday, a Girondist
sympathizer, in July, 1793.
The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis
David
208. īConvention drafted Frenchmen into the army to
defeat the foreign Coalition
ī These troops were led by General Carnot
ī The people supported military operations because they
did not want the country back under the Old Regime
īRouget de Lisle wrote the âMarseillaiseâ
ī Became the French national anthem
ī Inspired troops as they were led into battle
īAfter two years
ī Coalition was defeated
ī France had gained, rather than lost, territory
209. īDespite military successes, the Convention continued
to face problems domestically
īDanton and his Jacobin political party came to
dominate French politics
īCommittee of Public Safety
ī Headed by Danton (and later Robespierre)
ī Those accused of treason were tried by the Committeeâs
Revolutionary Tribunal
ī Approximately 15,000 people died on the guillotine
īGuillotine became known as the âNational Razorâ
īIncluding innovative thinkers like Olympe de Gouges and
Madame Jeanne Roland
210.
211.
212. ī Members of the Girondist political party tried to end the
Reign of Terror initiated by the Jacobin political party
ī This opposition to the Committee of Public Safety caused
many Girondists to be tried and executed for treason
ī Eventually, even Georges Danton wanted to end the
executions
ī This resulted in Danton being tried and executed for treason
ī Maximilien Robespierre became leader of the Committee
of Public Safety
ī He continued the executions
ī Convention came to blame Robespierre for the Reign of Terror
ī Thermidorean Reaction
ī July 27, 1794 â ended the Reign of Terror
ī Convention sent Robespierre and other members of the
Committee of Public Safety to the guillotine
ī Robespierre was guillotined on July 28, 1794
213. īWith the foreign invaders vanquished and the Reign
of Terror at an end, the Convention was finally able to
inaugurate its new constitution
īConstitution of the Year III of the Republic (1795)
created the Directory
219. īSeven Yearâs War
īWar of American Independence
īHarsh winter/food shortage
īEstates General/ National Assembly
220. īSince the Middle Ages, French society had been
divided into three separate classes:
ī The First Estate = clergy
ī The Second Estate = nobility
ī The Third Estate = everyone else
221. īDiscontent grew in 1700s
īFirst Estate ī always exempt from taxes (resented)
īSecond Estate ī many privileges & rights:
ī Land ownership
ī Hunting rights
ī Collect money from peasants
222. īFirst & Second Estates held power
īThird Estate = 97% of population
īSubstructure:
ī Bourgeoisie = middle class, usually educated â
doctors, lawyers, merchants, manufacturers
ī Urban poor = laborers & artisans
ī Peasants = worked as farmers
223. īPeasants lived in poverty & burdened by:
ī Feudal dues to lords
ī Rent payments for land they worked
ī âTailleâ (heaviest govât tax)
ī Tithes to the Catholic church (1/10 of income)
224. īLouis XVI convened the Estates General
īRepresentatives from each of the three estates â
Louis hoped to gain approval to raise taxes
īMet at Versailles in May 1789
225. īEach estate had its own agenda & wanted to
improve its position by taking power from the
monarchy
īAbbÊ de Sieyès â âWhat is the Third Estate?â
226. ī1st. What is the third estate?
Everything.
ī2nd. What has it been heretofore
in the political order? Nothing.
ī3rd. What does it demand? To
become something therein.
227. Discuss as a group then write
(individually) your answers in the
journal section of your notebooks:
īWho are the subjects of the
political cartoon?
īWhat symbolism is used?
īTo which Estate did the artist
most likely belong? Why?
228. īThird Estate formed the National Assembly
īMain goal = French Constitution
īLouis closed down their meeting
229. īNational Assembly met on a tennis court
īTook the Tennis Court Oath â vowed to stay until
they had written a Constitution
230.
231.
232. īLouis recognized the N. A.
īTremendous citizen support allowed the N. A. to
assume power
īBy mid-summer 1789, rumors that royal troops
would crush the N. A.
233.
234. īLouis XVI fired the beloved finance minister,
Jacques Necker
īJuly 14, 1789 â working people of Paris stormed
the Bastille â a prison symbolic of despotism and
torture
īInitial goal = obtain weapons & gunpowder to
defend the National AssemblyâĻ
235.
236.
237. īRevolutionary mentality created â drives the
revolutionaries forward
īTwo distinct stages: Moderate & Radical
īJuly 14, 1789 â 800-900 Parisians, mostly women,
went to the Bastille
238.
239. īLooking for weapons & gunpowder
īStormed the prison â 98 killed and 73 wounded
īNo weapons, but significant because La
Bastille was a symbol of the Revolution
īLouisâ reactionâĻ
242. īTo many â no turning
back
īModerate Stage = Clash
between 2nd Estate
(nobility) and 3rd Estate
(peasants) WHY??
243. īIncludes fall of Bastille
and the general events
that led to it
īAfter the fall of the
Bastille, many nobles
fled & Louis withdrew
troops
244. īPeasantry believed Estates General would
solve the problems they had outlined in a list
of grievances called âcahiers de dolÊancesâ
īCahiers were ignored â Peasants attacked
food convoys en route to Paris
245. īPeasants refuse to pay taxes, tithes, and manorial
dues as they perceived their landlords to be
responsible for their economic plight
īEnd of July 1789 â peasants began to burn down
the homes of their landlords & with them the records
of their obligations
246. īRumors began â aristocracy to raise an army and
kill the peasants â known as âThe Great Fearâ
īThe Fear â advantage to the reformers â gave
National Assembly the opportunity to criticize
aristocratic privilege
247. īAugust 4, 1789- French aristocrats surrendered
privileges by decree
īThat night, the General Assembly drew up
âDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizenâ
īOutlined manâs natural rights â symbolic of the
new French Social Order
248. īLouis XVI did not approve
īOctober 5, 1789 â Parisians marched 12
miles to Versailles to protest the lack of bread
ī20,000 Paris Guards joined the mob
249. âWe are going to cut off her head, tear out her heart,
fry her liver, and that wonât be the end of it!â
250. īLouis promised bread &
approved
decrees/declaration and
returned to Paris
īCalled âOctober Daysâ
īRestored peasantâs faith
251. īJune 20, 1791 â attempted to flee France
īIn contact with Leopold II â plan to raise army
in Austria and crush the revolution
īThe Flight to VarennesâĻ
252. "Arrest of Louis Capet at Varennes, June 22, 1791"This print shows an angry
crowd of fervent revolutionaries breaking down doors to arrest the King.â
253. īShowed Louis could not
be trusted
īNA had wanted a
Constitutional Monarchy
â now, this was unlikely
254. īGoal = dismantle the AnciÊn Regime
īSix basic reforms to accomplish:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Abolish birthright â legalize equality
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Subordinated church to state
Constitution (1791)
More efficient government
Economic reforms
255. īEnd of Sept. 1791 â N. A.âs work done
īRevolution over
ī1792 â drastic change â not desired or
anticipated
īWas this the end??
256. Bell Ringer
What were some of the consequences of
King Louis XVIâs âFlight to Varennesâ?
Discuss with Partner
30 Seconds
259. The Sans-Culottes
īFrench for âwithout knee
britchesâ
īTerm created by the nobility to
describe the poorer members of
the Third Estate because they
wore long pants instead of the
chic shorter culottes.
260. Sans-Culottes (cont.)
īTypical dress of a sans-culotte
ī Page 349 in your textbook
īRed liberty cap
īPantaloons (long trousers)
īCarmagnole (short-skirted coat)
īSabats (wooden shoes)
261. Sans-Culottes (cont.)
ī They demanded that the
revolutionary
government
immediately:
ī Increase wages
ī Fix prices
ī End food shortages
ī Punish hoarders
ī Deal with
counterrevolutionaries
266. īPredominately bourgeoisie
īWell-organized & disciplined
īWanted a strong central
government with Paris being
the center of power
īSupported temporary
governmental controls to deal
with the needs of the
economy
The Jacobins
267. The Jacobins (cont.)
īCombined with the
sans-culottes, the
Jacobins WERE the
revolution
īAbove all else, the
Jacobins unleashed
extreme terror
268. Girondins
ī This moderate faction of
the Assembly drew its
support from
businessmen, merchants,
and government officials
ī Their fall from popularity
began with their refusal to
join the more radical
revolutionaries in
overthrowing the
monarchy
269. La Montagne
ī The Mountain
ī A political group
(members =
Montagnards)
ī Sat on highest benches
in NA
ī Often synonymous with
Jacobins
ī Under the sway of such
men as Marat, Danton,
& Robespierre
274. ī S.Krishna.(2012).French Revolution: Social Project.
http://www.slideshare.net/KrishnaCooldude/french-revolution-11462631?qid=9d754946-5607-4c03-859d-3fb
from_search=10
ī Acessed on 07 March 2014
ī
W.Batcheller.(2009).The French Revolution.
http://www.slideshare.net/wesleybatcheller/the-french-revolution-2097929
ī
Accessed on 07 March 2014
ī
J.,B.Switala.(2010).French Revolution. http://www.slideshare.net/jboyerswitala/french-revolution-part-i
ī
Accessed on 07 March 2014
ī M.Lynde.(2010).French Revolution for web.
http://www.slideshare.net/Mlynde/french-revolution-for-web-2678284
ī
Accessed on 07 March 2014