This document provides an overview of bahirparimarjana chikitsa (external treatment methods) in Ayurveda. It discusses the definition and classification of bahirparimarjana chikitsa, as well as treatments for specific doshas, diseases, seasons and as preparatory treatments for panchakarma procedures. Key external treatments mentioned include abhyanga (oil massage), swedana (fomentation), lepa (application of medicated paste), pariseka (pouring of liquids), gandusha (mouthwash), and various head and ear therapies. The document emphasizes that bahirparimarjana chikitsa are important classical Ayurvedic

1. JIGNASA – 2004
BASAVABHAVANA, BELLARY
BAHIRPARIMARJANA
CHIKITSA
Presented by :
Dr. Jagadish Yaji V.
Medical officer
Govt. Ayurvedic Dispensary
Kadajji,
Davangere. Tq. and Dist.

2. BAHIRPARIMARJANA CHIKITSA
Definition :
Bahyataha shudhikaram bheshajam
Bahihi sparshamashritya abhyanga sweda pradeha parisheka
unmardhanadhairamayan pramarsthihi tadbahihi parimarjanam.
Skin is the largest protective barrier in the body which
prevents invasion of microorganisms, foreign substances into the
body. The main area of bahirparimarjana chikitsa is twacha and the
treatment like abhyanga, swedana, pradeha, pariseka, unmardana
etc. according to disease are known as bahirparimarjana chikitsa.

3. According to Ayurveda twacha shareera (anatomy of
skin) 7 layers as per Sushruta and 6 layers according to Charaka
shareera. According to modern epidermis and dermis are the two
layers of skin. Again 5 layers in epidermis and two in the dermis
and totally seven layers.
Among the pancha mahabhuta vayu mahabhoota is
mainly in sparshanendriya. Prana vata which is responsible for
indriya chittadruk helps for sparshajnana along with the
rohinisirashrita raktha. Udakadhara twacha is also rasadhisthana.
Twchashrita Bhrajaka pitta helps in the digestion and
absorption of abhyanga, parisheka, alepadi which ever applied
over the skin.

4. I. CLASSIFICATION OF BAHIRPARIMARJANA CHIKITSA :
1) Sthanika chikitsa :
1. Sthanika abhyanga 2. Sthanika sweda
3. Sthanika lepa 4. Sthanika pariseka
5. Netra tarpana 6. Karna poorana
7. Kavala 8. Gandusha
9. Moordhni taila 10. Yoni pichu
11. Anjana 12. Aschotana etc.
2) Sarvanga chikitsa :
1. Sarvanga abhyanga 2. Sarvanga sweda
3. Sarvanga dhara 4. Udhwarthana

5. II. DOSHANUSARA :
1) Vatasya upakrama :
1. Abhyanga 2. Mardana
3. Swedana 4. Vesthana
5. Seka (Dashamoola kwatha etc)
2) Pittasya upakrama :
1. Marakatadi manidharana
2. Karpoorachandanausheera lepana
3. Sheetambu dhara and sheetagruha nivasa (aircondition house)
3) Kaphasya upakrama : Rooksha vimardhana

6. III. VYADHI ANUSARA :
1.Sarvanga vatavyadhi : Sarwanga abhyanga, sweda, dhara
shasthikashali pinda sweda, salvanopa upanaha, moordhni taila
2.Ekanga vatavyadhi : abhyanga, swedana, patra potalisweda,
isthikasweda in vatakantaka.
3. In Rasapradoshaja vikaras :
Ushna jwara : Chandanadi taila
Jwara Sheetapradeha, Pariseka
Sheetajwara : Agarvadi taila abhyanga, avagaha snana pariseka
Amavata – Valuka sweda
Shothagna lepa
Dhanyamla sweda
Shwasa : Saindhava lavana + sarshapa taila abhyanga and nadi,
prastara or sankara sweda.

7. 4) In Raktaja vikaras : Twak vikaras (Rasa and Raktaja)
- Maha tikthaka lepa
- Kunkumadi lepa
- Avalgujadi lepa etc
Raktapitta : Abhyanga, periseka, sheeta dravya lepa
In Visarpa : Udumbaradi pradeha sarivadi pralepa etc
In Arsha : Avagaha sweda
5) Mamsa pradoshaja vikaras : kshara lepa
6) Medho rogas : udhwartana
7) Asthi and majjagata vikara : abhyanga, asthi sandaneeya dravya
lepa in bhagna.
8) In visha chikitsa : Agada lepa
9) In vruna chikitsa : panchavalkaladi kashaya prakshalana and
shodhana, ropanadi taila external application.

8. IV. RUTUANUSARA BAHIRPARIMARJANA CHIKITSA
IN SWASTHA :
1) In Hemantha rutu (winter season ) and
2) Shishira rutu (dewy season)
a. Abhyanga b. Utsadana
c. Murdhni taila d. Jentaka sweda
e. Atapa sweda f. Ushnagraha nivasa
3) In vasantha rutu (spring season)
a. Vyayama b. Udvarthana
c. Kavalagraha e. Anjana
f. Chandana, agaru lepa
4) In Greeshma rutu (Summer season)
a. Sheetagraha (air-conditioned room) b. Muktamani dharana
c. Chandana lepa

9. 5) Varsha rutu (Rainy season)
a) Pragharshana b) Udvartana
c) Chandanadi sugandhita dravya prayoga
6) Sharad rutu (Autumn season)
a) Raktamokshana (Alabu, Prachhanna etc.)
V 1) Bahirparimarjana chikitsa as poorva and paschat karma
to shodhana chikitsa (Panchakarma).
a) Sarvanga abhyanga and sweda in Vamana and Virechana poorva
Vishrama kala.
b) Abhyanga and Swedana to Kati before basthi.
c) Abhyanga and Sweda to gala, kapola, karna, anana before and
mrudu panitapa sweda after nasya.
d) Kavala, dhoomapana after Vamana and Virechana

10. I : Abhyanga :
It is a procedure of anointing oil on the body which ensures softness
and unctuousness of skin.
•Regular abhyanga builds up stamina.
•Clears the srotases.
•Improves blood circulation.
•Prevents old age (Jaravastha).
•Improves eye sight and induces good sleep.
•Improves the complexion of the skin.
•Gives strength to the body and reduces tiredness.

11. Different Bahya Snehana mentioned in the classics are
1) Abhyanga 8) Gandusha
2) Lepa 9) Nasa Tarpana
3) Udvartana – Utsadana 10) Moordhni taila -sirastharpana
4) Mardana – Unmardana 11) Akshitarpana
5) Padaghata 12) Karnapoorana
6) Parisheka 13) Masthishkya
7) Samvahana 14) Snehavagahana
Lepa: External application without applying any pressure.
3 types : 1) Pralepa
2) Pradeha
3) Alepa

12. Indications :
•Twaggata Vata
•Mamsagata Vata
•Snayugata Vata
•In Vatavyadhi and Vatarakta - Sneha lepa
•Kesha Vardhaka and Drudheekarana lepas
Udhwartana : Rooksha and Snigdha according to Charaka
Rooksha Udhwartana in Sthoulya
Snigdha Udhwartana in Krusha
According to Sushrata :
a) Udhwartana – Pravilapana, Vimlapana
b) Udhgharshana – Asnigdha dravya udhgharshana (Isthika etc.).
c) Utsadana – Sneha and Kalka udgharshana.

13. Parisheka
Eg. Dashamoola Kwatha Sidha Ksheera Parisheka indicated in
Vataraktha.
Samvahana
Gandusha – Is filling the mouth to its full capacity with liquid
without allowing its movement inside and holding the liquid for a
few moments.
4 types according to Vaghbhata
a. Snigdha gandusha – In Vata roga
b. Shamana gandusha – in Pitta roga
c. Shodhana gandusha – in Kapha roga
d. Ropana gandusha – in Vruna
For daily use use taila or mamsa rasa.

14. Moordha Taila Shirastharpana
4 types
1) Shiro abhyanga
2) Shirahaseka
3) Shiraha Pichudharana
4) Shiro Basthi - is the most potent form of moordhni taila
Daily Shiroabhyanga prevents :
•Shirashoola
•Premature graying of hair
•Hair roots become stronger
•Induces sound sleep
By shirobasthi and shirodhara both physically and mentally
relaxation occurs.

15. Important indications :
1. Stress induced problems like Insomnia, Hypertension –
Takradhara.
2. In Psoriasis – Manjistadhi dhara, Aragwadha takradhara.
3. In Epilepsy (Apasmara) – Shirobasthi, dhara, Brahmitaila
abhyanga
4. In Unmada – Jyotishmati taila shiroabhyanga or pichu
5. In Mentally retarded child – Brahmitaila pichu, Jyotishmati taila
abhyanga.
6. In Congenital cerebral palsy : Ksheerabala Tailadhara.
7. In Ardita (Bel’s palsy) and Pakshaghata (Hemiplegia) :
Ksheerabala Taila dhara or Shirobasthi.
8. Pittaja shirashoola : Ksheeradhara.
9. Peripheral neuritis (commonly in Diabetic) - Takradhara.

16. SWEDANA :
It is defined as the process by which the sweat or perspiration
of the body is produced.
Properties :
1) It reduces stambha (stiffness),
2) It reduces Guruta (heaviness)
3) It reduces Shaityata (Coldness).
4) It reduces shoola (pain)
5) Useful in sankocha (contractures)
6) Shodhananga swedana helps to liquefying the doshas
7) Dilates the srotasas and release obstructions
8) Swedana useful in vata, kapha and kapha vata vikaras.
9) By swedana agnideepti, mruduta and twak prasadana occurs.

17. Types :
1) Anagni Sweda
a. Vyayama b. Ushnasadana
c. Gurupravarana d. Kshudha
e. Bahupana f. Bhaya
g. Krodha h. Upanaha
i. Ahata j. Atapa sevana
Anagni sweda useful in meda, kaphavruta vata.
2) Saagni sweda
I. a. Sankara sweda b. Prasthara sweda
c. Nadi sweda d. Pariseka sweda
e. Avagaha sweda f. Jentaka sweda
g. Ashma ghanasweda h. Bhusweda
i. Kuti sweda j. Kumbhi sweda
k. Koopa sweda l. Holaka sweda
m. Karshu sweda.

18. According to Sushrutacharya 4 types
II . a. Tapa sweda b. Upanaha sweda
c. Drava sweda d. Ushma swed
III. 1. Snighda sweda – Vataja vikaras
2. Ruksha sweda – Kaphaja vikaras
3. Snighda
IV. 1. Mrudu sweda
2. Madhyama sweda
3. Maha sweda

19. Commonly used swedana in Ayurvedic practice :
1) Patra potali sweda – In sandhigata vata, Asthimajjagata vata,
Pakshaghata, Vishwachi, Manyastambha.
2) Shashtikashali pinda sweda – Poliomyelitis
Neuromuscular and
Neurological disorders
3) Upanaha (Poultice) : Vidradhi, Inflammatory conditions.
4) Salvanopanaha : In sarvanga vata
5) Valuka sweda, Dhanyamla sweda : In Amavata .
6) Avagaha sweda in Arshas, Bhagandhara (Piles and fistula).
7) Nadi Sweda : Shoola and stambha hara
8) Pichzichil, Annalepana, dhanyamla sweda, Panasapatra sweda,
Ksheeradhooma etc. are Keraleeya traditional bahirparimarjana
chikitsas.

20. Bahirparimarjana chikitsa are important contribution of Ayurveda
to the world of medicine. Abhyanga, Swedana, lepas, seka, pichu,
gandusha like classical procedures and many traditional treatments
which are widely practiced by Ayurvedist are being accepted world
wide in recent era.
Vande Mataram
Dr. Jagadish Yaji V.
Medical officer
Govt. Ayurvedic Dispensary
Kadajji,
Davangere. Tq. and Dist.

21. Thank you