Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medical system that focuses on prevention, longevity and overall well-being. It views health as a balance between the mind, body and spirit. The origins of Ayurveda can be traced back to ancient Indian scriptures called the Vedas. It developed over thousands of years with early classical works by Sushruta and Charaka. Ayurveda employs natural remedies like herbs, minerals, diet and lifestyle practices to treat illnesses. Some key concepts include the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), balancing the doshas through diet and lifestyle, and viewing health as a dynamic balance within people and between people and their environment.

1. आयुर्वेदः

2. English translation:
Ayurveda is a Veda that provides the knowledge of good, bad,
happy and unhappy life, its promoters and non-promoters,
measurement and nature.
हिताहितं सुखं दुःखं आयुः तस्य हिताहितं।
मानं च तच्च यत्रोक्तं आयुर्वेदः स उच्यते॥

3. • The Literal meaning of the term is 'Science of Life’.
• The Origin of Ayurveda has been said to be from 'Brahma'
the Creator.
• Ayurveda is that which deals with good, bad, happy and
unhappy life, its promoters and non-promoters, span and
nature.
• And this science of life-Ayurveda deals with life as a whole
which is conjunction of body, sense organs, mind and self.

4. • It is one of the branches of vedas. It
is regarded as upaveda of rigveda
or atharva-veda.
• The uniqueness of this science is
that it emphasizes on the
preventive aspect, to protect the
health of the healthy and normal
individual.
• For this there are guidelines for
ideal routine, diet and medicines
according to individual constitution
and need.
• There is also a vivid description of
ideal conduct to be followed for
psychic and social health.
Ayurveda
Ayuh
Veda

5. Eight components
• The earliest classical Sanskrit works on
Ayurveda describe medicine as being divided
into eight components.
• This characterization of the physicians' art,
"the medicine that has eight components“ is
first found in the Sanskrit epic the
Mahābhārata, ca 4th century BCE.

6. Kāyachikitsā: general medicine, medicine of the body
Kaumāra-bhṛtya: the treatment of children, pediatrics
Śalyatantra: surgical techniques and the extraction of foreign objects
Śhālākyatantra: treatment of ailments affecting ears, eyes, nose, mouth, etc.
("ENT")
Bhūtavidyā: pacification of possessing spirits, and the people whose minds are
affected by such possession
Agadatantra: toxicology
Rasāyantantra: rejuvenation and tonics for increasing lifespan, intellect and
strength
Vājīkaraṇatantra: aphrodisiacs and treatments for increasing the volume and
viability of semen and sexual pleasure.
The components are:

7. Principles of Ayurveda
1) The TriGunas:
Satva
• lightness,
consciousness,
pleasure and clarity,
is pure, free from
disease and cannot be
disturbed in any way.
• It activates the senses
and is responsible for
the perception of
knowledge.
Rajas
• most active of the
gunas, has motion
and stimulation as
its characteristics.
• All desires, wishes,
ambitions and fickle-
mindedness are a
result of the same.
Tamasa
• heaviness and
resistance. It
produces disturbances
in the process of
perception and
activities of the mind.
• Delusion, false
knowledge, laziness,
apathy, sleep and
drowsiness are due to
it.

8. 2) The TriDoshas
The Tridoshas are the primary and essential factors of the human body
that govern our entire physical structure and function.

9. 3) The TriMalas
Malas are the various
waste products of food and the
dhatus produced during the normal
digestive and metabolical process.
They are:
Purisa:- the waste left back after
nutrients of digested food have been
absorbed in the small intestine.
Mutra:- urine derived during the
course of biological processes within
the human body.
Sveda:- the third primary mala,
sweat occurs as a waste product
during the synthesis of meda dhatu
(fatty tissue).

10. • Derived from the digested food, it nourishes each and every tissue
and cell of the body and is analogous to the plasma.Rasa (fluid)Dhatu –
• - Regarded as the basis of life, it is analogous to the circulating blood
cells. It not only nourishes the body tissues, but provides physical
strength and colour to the body.
Rakta (blood) Dhatu
• – The muscle tissue, its main function is to provide physical strength
and support for the meda dhatu.Mamsa Dhatu
• Consists of adipose tissue providing support to asthi dhatu.It also
lubricates the body.Meda (fat)Dhatu –
• Comprising of bone tissues, including cartilages, its main function is
to give nourishment to the majja dhatu and provide support to the
mamsa dhatu.
Asthi Dhatu –
• – Denoting the yellow and red bone marrow tissue, its main function
is to fill up the asthi and to oleate the body.Majja Dhatu
• The main aim of this reproductive tissue is to help reproduction and
strengthen the body.Shukra Dhatu –
4) The SaptaDhatus
Nourishment of these seven body tisuues takes place in sequential manner with
original material provided by digested food material.

11. 5) The Trayodosha Agni
• In every tissue and cell agni is present and is
necessary for maintaining the nutrition and auto-
immune mechanism.
• By destroying micro-organisms, foreign bacteria and
toxins in the stomach and the intestines. A balanced agni
therefore is vital for health.
• As per Ayurveda there are thirteen types of Agni in the
body.
• The most important of them is the Jatharagni, the
gastric fire, responsible for digestion of food.
• Other Agni are: SaptaDhatvagni and PancaBhutagni

12. 6) The PanchaMahabhutas
According to Ayurveda everything in Universe is composed of
the Panchamahabhutas.
Omnipresent,they are mixed in an infinite variety of relative proportions such
that each form of matter is distinctly unique. Although each element has a
range of attributes, only some get evident in particular situations.
Constantly changing and interacting with each other, they create a situation of
dynamic flux that keeps the world going.
Akasha
• Produces
softness,
lightness and
porosity
Vayu
• Creates
dryness,
lightness and
emaciation.
Agni
• Helps in
digestion,
maturation,
improves eye
sight
Jala
• Imparts
glossiness.
• Enhances
fluid content
& purgative
• Acts as
nutrient,
emollient and
purgative.
Prithvi
• Increases
firmness &
strength of
the body
nutrient,
emollient and
purgative

13. People involved in this discipline
Sushruta
• He was an ancient Indian physician known as the main
author of the treatise The Compendium of Suśruta
(Sanskrit: Suśruta-saṃhitā).
• The Mahabharata, an ancient Indian epic text,
represents him as a son of Vishvamitra, which
coincides with the present recension of Sushruta
Samhita.
• The Suśruta-saṃhitā is one of the most important
surviving ancient treatises on medicine and is
considered a foundational text of Ayurveda.
• The treatise addresses all aspects of general medicine,
but the translator G. D. Singhal dubbed Suśruta "the
father of surgery" on account of the detailed accounts
of surgery to be found in the work.
• The Compendium of Suśruta locates its author
in Varanasi.

14. Charaka
• Charaka (चरक) (3rd century BC) was one of
the principal contributors to Ayurveda, a system
of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient
India.
• He is known for authoring the medical treatise,
the Charaka Samhita.
• Charaka was resident of Kapisthal (now known
as Kapurthala), located between Iravati (Ravi
River) and Chandrabagha (Chenab River) rivers
in Panchanada (Punjab).
• He is well known as the "Indian father of
medicine".
• Charaka is said to have studied at the
University of Ancient Taxila and practiced
there.

15. Jivaka
• Jīvaka was the personal physician of the
Buddha and the Indian King Bimbisāra.
• He lived in Rājagṛha, present-day Rajgir, in
the 6th–5th century BCE.
• Sometimes described as the "Medicine King"
he figures prominently in legendary accounts
in Asia as a model healer, and is honoured as
such by traditional healers in several Asian
countries.
• Kasyapa Samhita includes the treatise of
Jivaka Kumar Bhaccha and is dated to the 6th
century BCE.

16. Principle Early Texts

17. Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE)
updated by the Buddhist scholar Nagarjuna 2nd
century CE
Charaka Samhita by Charaka (6th century
BCE) also updated by Dridhabala during the early
centuries of the Common Era.
Bhela Samhita by Atreya Punarvasu (6th
century BCE).

18. The Bower Manuscript includes of excerpts from the Bheda
Samhita and its description of concepts in Central Asian
Buddhism.
In 1987, A. F. R. Hoernle identified the scribe of the medical
portions of the manuscript to be a native of India using a
northern variant of the Gupta script, who had migrated and
become a Buddhist monk in a monastery in Kucha.
The Chinese pilgrim Fa Hsien (c. 337–422 AD) wrote about the
healthcare system of the Gupta empire (320–550) and
described the institutional approach of Indian medicine.
This is also visible in the works of Charaka, who describes
hospitals and how they should be equipped.

19. Other Early
Texts
• The original edition of the Agnivesha Samhita, by Agnivesa, is
dated to 1500 BCE, and it was later modified by Charaka.
• Kasyapa Samhita includes the treatise of Jivaka Kumar
Bhaccha and is dated to the 6th century BCE.
• While Harita Samhita is dated to an earlier period, it is attributed
to Harita, who was a disciple of Punarvasu Atreya.
Some Later
Texts
• Astanga nighantu (8th Century) by Vagbhata
• Paryaya ratnamala (9th century) by Madhava
• Siddhasara nighantu (9th century) by Ravi Gupta
• Dravyavali (10th Century)
• Dravyaguna sangraha (11th century) by Cakrapanidatta

20. AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS
• Different solvents (menstrum) used in preparations
of Ayurvedic formulations are water, oils, milk, ghee,
cow’s urine, etc.
• The use of sweetening agents ,binding agents,
colorants, flavouring principles, and other adjuvents
is also very common in ayurvedic preparations.
• With an objective of obtaining maximum therapeutic
benefit and making the formulation palatable,
different pharmaceutical process are prescribed in
ayurveda.

21. Dosage Forms
Liquid Semi Solid Solid

22. Liquid Dosage Forms

23. Swarasa
• The juice extracted from the drug
is known as swarasa.
• It is one of the basic preparations
in Ayurveda and one among the
pancavidha kashaya kalpana and
the most potent among them Ex:
Tulasi swarasa.
• It is used as a bhavana dravya
and as shodhana dravya in
mineral preparation.
It is mainly administered in the dose of ½ - 1 pala. there are different methods
involved in for the extraction of juice from drug and they are mainly based on
nature of drugs the different method involved for exteration are pounding for
soft drugs for hard drugs adding 8 times of water and reducing it to ¼ parts
and for fibrous drugs putapaka method is adopted

24. Kwatha (Decoction)
• It is the another basic preparation where
the coarse powder form of a drug is taken
and it is boiled with different ratio of water
as in case of soft drugs 4 parts of water is
used.
• In case of medium and hard drugs 8 times
of water is used and in case of very hard
drugs 16 of water is used in an earthern
pot and it is heated on mandagni till it is
reduced to 1/8 parts of the original
quantity.eg rasnadi kwatha the dose of this
kind of preparation is 2palas(96ml)
• It can also be used for secondary
preparation like preparation of medicated
ghee and oil. and also used as anupana
,niruhabasti, bhavanadravya.
• There are certain upkalpana of kwatha like
pramathya kalpana, paniya kalpana,
usnodaka, ksirapaka, laksarasa, mamsa
rasa.

25. Hima (Cold Infustion)
• It is also one of the of the
primary preparation
mentioned in Ayurveda.
• One part of drug is put in 6
part of cold water and kept
overnight in an earthen pot.
• Next day the drug is taken and
macerated well and filtered
through a clean cloth, and the
formulation thus obtained is
called as the Hima kalpana.
• It is also known as cold
infusion.
This type of preparation mainly acts as a pittashamaka and hrudya and they can
also be used as an instant source of energy. eg. Dhanyaka hima. the dose of this kind
of preparation is 2pala(96ml).
the upkalpana of hima are mantha kalpana, udaka kalpana ,panaka kalpana,

26. Phanta (Hot infusion)
• It is last preparation among the
panchavidha kashaya kalpana.
• Here the coarse powder of a drug
is put into hot water and it is
rubbed and filtered with a cloth.
• By this there is softening of the
drugs takes place as the
extraction of all the volatile
principles from the drug to
water.
• It is considered to be the least
potent among the panchavidha
kashaya kalpana.

27. Arka
• It is a secondary preparation
which is obtained by distillation
of certain liquid or drugs soaked
in water and extracted by an
arkayantra. and used in the case
of agnimandya, amaajeerna and
amatisara.

28. Sarkara kalpana
• And after cooling it is filtered
• Mainly used for children due to its sweetness and the sugar concentration in this
preparation will be 66.7%
• Due to which it also acts as a preservative .eg. parushaka sarkara.
• The medicines in the syrup
form is called sarkara.
• Here two parts of sugar is
added to one part of
kwatha/swarasa/hima is added
and heated on mandagni till it
gets proper paka

29. Asavarishta
• Asava and Arishta are a special
kind of medicinal preparation
which are made by soaking the
drugs either in the powder form or
in the kashaya form in a solution
of sugar or jiggery for a specific
period of time for fermentation to
generate alcohol.
• The alcohol thus generated acts as
a preservative and thus facilitating
the extraction of active principles
contained in it .
• It is preserved for many years.eg
draksarista , kanakasava

30. Taila/Grutha
• Taila /Grutha are
preparations in which taila
are boiled with a prescribed
kashaya and kalka according
to the formula .
• This is mainly in the ratio
1:4:16.
• This form of medicine can be
used internally as well as
externally
• eg. Triphalagrutha,
Dhanwantara taila.

31. Semi Solid Dosage Forms

32. • Kalka
• It is a soft paste prepared by both wet and
dry drugs
• prepared by grinding wet and dry drugs
eg. Nimba Kalka.
• Lepa
• topical application, applied on affected
area, it shows effect in wet condition,
before it dries.
• INDICATIONS:
• Inflamation & Burning on it. . .
• दश ांग लेप चूर्ण – Dashang Lep Churnam
uses
• It is used in Ayurvedic treatment of fever,
headache, skin diseases such as eczema,
herpes wound, etc. It is made into paste
along with ghee and applied locally.

33. • Avaleha kalpana
• It is another type of semi solid preparation
• which is prepared either by adding jiggery and/or sugar, and is
• boiled with a prescribed drug, decoction of drug or its juice to
• get a semi solid preparation known as Avaleha. eg. Kushmanda Avaleha
• Dabur Kantakari Avaleha: Kantakari Avaleha is a famous Ayurvedic medicine
for Asthma and such other respiratory conditions. It is prepared in the form of
an herbal jam. Kantakaryavaleha, Kantakaradyavaleha.
• Uses Of Dabur Kantakari Avaleha: Kantakari Avaleha is used in widely in
respiratory condition. It acts as natural bronchodilator and mucolytic. It is used
in the treatment of bronchitis, COPD, cough, hiccups and cold.
• Kantakari avaleha is useful when
the following symptoms are displayed:
• Kasa
• Svasa
• Hikka
• Sula

34. Siktha Taila
• A combination of beeswax and
sesame oil is called Siktha
Taila. It is useful to heal
wounds quickly and is used as
base for different Ayurvedic
ointments.
• MAHANARAYAN TAILA 100ML
• By: DIVYA
• Reduces joint and muscle aches
• Useful in arthritis and paralysis
• Nourishes skin

35. • Malahara
• external application
ointments, removes mala
(residue) from vrana,
vidhradi, twakvikara etc
conditions
• Gandhak Malam
• Gandhaka Malahara is an
Ayurvedic medicine. It is
an ointment used to treat
skin diseases such as
dermatitis, fungal infection
etc. .” For external use
only”

36. • Upanaha
• Upanaha is done by binding the
leather strap paste of roots of vata
mitigating drugs macerated with a
sour liquid and added with more
salt and fats, made unctuous and
tied on the body comfortably warm.
• VAIDYARATNAM Upanaha
Choornam -100 Gram
• by VAIDYARATNAM
• ingredients: sesamum indicum,
cedrus deodara, oryza sativa,
anethum sowa, acorus calamus
• 100% pure and nature upanaha
choornam
• It is useful in pain relief.
• Ideal for: both men & women
• Package contents: 100 gram

37. Solid Dosage Forms

38. • Churana kalpana
• Churna is a powder of a single
drug or a mixture of two or
more drugs.
• Here the drugs are finely
powdered and they are
filtered through a cloth so that
the powder is very fine which
can be used internally as well
as externally.
• Ex :- Triphala churna,
Sitophala churna, Ajmodadi
churna.

39. • Vati kalpana
• It is solid preparation which is prepared
either by cooking the powder of a drug
with jaggery, sugar or guggulu or
without cooking
• Then macerating the powder with
liquid like honey and guggulu and then
rolled into pill forms.
• This is the most convinient dosage
form for the patient and can be uesd
internally as well as externally.
• Ex:- Bilvadi gulika, Triphala guggulu,
Divya Vrikkdoshhar Vati.
Varti kalpana
It is similar to vati but medicines are modified into a yavakriti form ie, along
with tapering ends. Ex:- Gudavarti

40. • Lavanakalpana
• The saindhavalavana is
powdered and is combined
with arka,narikela, and is
covered and puta is given
on agni so as to obtain a
black coloured lavana.
• It can be preserved for
many years when kept in
airtight containers.
• Ex :- Narikela lavana, Arka
lavana.

41. • Kshara kalpana
• Ksharas are alkaline substances
which are obtained from the
ash of drugs.
• It is used both internally as
well as externally.
• Internally used kshara is called
paniyakshara and externally
used kshara is called
pratisaraneeyakshara.
• Ex :- Yava kshara, Apamarga
kshara.

42. • Masi kalpana
• Conversion of a drug into its
carbon form by burning is called as
masikalpana.
• The drug from which masi is
prepared should be powdered and
placed in a sarava and samputa is
prepared by placing another sarava
over the first one and sealing it.
• It is thus prepared by giving either
laghuputa or mahaputa according
to the nature of the drugs involved.
• After the cooling of the samputa ,
the prepared masi is ground once
again to obtain a homogeneous and
fine powder.
• Ex :- Triphala masi,

43. Quality Control and Standards
• At present there is no pharmacopial standard on each of the active ingredients
of Ayurvedic medicine like allopathic medicine.
• For standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic drugs, various steps can be
followed like physical description, physical tests, pharmacoginised
techniques etc, to ascertain the species of plant and study their pharmacoginostic
character for the purpose of identification detection and analyzing the crude drug.
• Generally quality of Ayurvedic products is fully dependent on the quality of raw
materials and process of manufacture.
• The quality control process of some Ayurvedic formulations can be contained from
‘Pharmacopica Laboratory of India Medicine, near ALTC,
Ghaziabad (U.P)’.
• The products are to be manufactured as per Indian system of medicines of Ministry
of Health.

44. Ministry of AYUSH
AYUSH is a governmental body in India purposed with developing,
education and research in the field of alternative medicines including
Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Naturopathy, Siddha And Homoeopathy.

45. • The ministry is headed by a
Minister of State (Independent
Charge) which is currently
occupied by Shripad Naik.
• The ministry runs multiple
healthcare programs;
primarily aimed at the rural
population.
• AYUSH is supposed to form an
integral backbone of the
Ayushman Bharat Yojana
• The ministry had long worked
for integrating the different
systems of AYUSH with
modern medicine, in what has
been described as 'a type of
“cross-pathy”.

46. Thank You
for your patience!
A presentation by
Roll Nos. 1-24