The details description is given in the ppt about the axial skeleton. We include the topics which are mentions below :- What is skeleton Skull Hyoid bone Vertebrae Thoracic cage

1. PRESENTED BY:
PATEL PRACHI A
ZAPADIYA BINDIYA B
4TH YEAR B.SC NSG

2. INTRODUCTION
AXIAL SKELETON
» SKULL
» HYOID BONE
» VERTEBRAL COLUMN
» THORACIC CAGE

3. A Skeleton is a framework of joined
bones that forms the supporting
structure of the body.
It helps to stand, to move, to perform
any physical activity.

4. Axial skeleton consist of
# The Skull
# The Vertebral column
# The Ribs
# The Sternum.
There are 87 bones in the axial
skeleton of a child whereas an adult

5. Bones Number
Skull Cranium 8
Facial skeleton 14
Ear ossicles 6
Hyoid bone 1
Vertebral column 26
Thorax cage Ribs 24(12 pair)
Sternum 1

6. The skull rests on the upper
end of the vertebral column
and its bony structure is
divided into two parts : the
cranium and the face.

7. Cranium is a spherical box like structure which provides a
protective covering of the brain.
 In the mature skull the joints (sutures) between the bones are
immovable.
The bones of the cranium are :
1) 1 frontal bone
2) 1 occipital bone
3) 1 sphenoid bone
4) 2 parital bone
5) 2 temporal bone
6) 1 ethmoid bone

8. This is the bone of the
forehead.
 it forms part of the orbital
cavities (eye sockets) and
the prominent ridge above
the eye, the supraorbital.
The suture joint the frontal
and parietal bone is coronal
suture.

9. CONTINUE
 The temporal bone articulate with the
mandible at the temporomandibular joint,
of the only movable joint of the skull.
 Mastoid process is the bulging area
behind the ear where neck muscles are
attached.

10. These bones from the
sides and roof of the skull,
sagittal suture seperated
the parietal bones.
Parietal and occipital bone
is joint with lambdoidal
suture, parietal and
temporal bone is joint with
the squamous suture.

11. This bones are lies on
the each side of the
head.
• This are the two bones
that forms side of the
cranium.
 The squamous part is
a thin fan shaped area
that articulate with the

12.  This bone from the back of the head
and part of the base of the skull.
 The occiput has two articular
condyles that from the condyle joint.
 The first bone of the vertebral
column, the atlas. This joint permit
nodding movement of the head.
between the condyle is the foramen
magnum ( large hole ) through which
the spinal cord passes into the
cranial cavity.

13.  The bones occupies the
middle portion of the base of
the skull.
 On the superior surface in the
middle of the bone is a little
saddle shaped depression,
the hypophyseal fossa in
which the pituitary gland rest.
 This is the butterfly shaped
bone.

14. The ethmoid occupies the
anterior part of the base of
the skull and helps to form
the orbital cavity, nasal
septum and the lateral wall
of the nasal cavity.

15.  The skeleton of the face is formed by 14
bones.
1. 2 zygomatic bone
2. 2 maxilla
3. 1 vomer
4. 2 nasal bone
5. 2 lacrimal bones
6. 2 Inferior conchae
7. 1 mandible
8. 2 palatine bones

16. These are the bone which
forms superior and lateral
surface of the bridge nose.
ZYGOMATIC BONE :
These bones form
prominences of cheek and
part of orbital cavity.

17. bones are responsible for
lacrimation.
VOMER :
The vomer is a thin flat bone
that extend upward from the
middle of the hard palate to
from most of the inferior part of
the nasal spectum.

18. Inferior conchae :
Each conchae is a scroll
shaped bone which forms
the part of the nasal
cavity.
MANDIBLE ( LOWER

19. This is an isolated
horseshoe-shaped bone
lying of the soft tissues of
the neck just above the
larynx and below the
mandible.

20. The cranium protects the brain
The bonny eye socket protect the eye and
give attachment to the muscles that move
them.
The sinus in face and skull bones give
resonance to the voice.

21. The backbone (the middle back region)
of human beings comprises of 33
vertebrae ( in children) and 26
vertebrae (in adults),and represents the
vertebral column.
Twenty four separate vertebrae extend
downward from the occipital bone of

22. Vertebral column
Cervical
C1 to c7
Thoracic
T8 to T12
Lumbar
L5
Sacral
S1(5 fused)
Coccyx
C1(3 fused)

23. The body :
It is the anterior portion of a vertebra
which is joined to the intervertebral disc.
 Vertebral Arch :
it is the arch on the posterior part of
the body. It protect the spinal cord.

24. CERVICAL :
There are seven cervical vertebrae, these
are the smallest vertebrae. The first
cervical vertebrae is know as atlas, is the
bone on which skull rest. Below the atlas is
axis, the second cervical vertebrae.
The seven cervical vertebrae, is also know

25. THORACIC VERTEBRAE
There are the 12 thoracic vertebrae, are larger
then the cervical vertebrae because this section
of the vertebral column has to support more
body weight.
The bodies and transverse process have facets
for articulation with the ribs.
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE :

26. SACRUM :
The fusion of the five sacrum vertebrae
results in the formation of the sacral region
or the parts of the upper pelvis.
COCCYX :
It is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal
vertebrae, in the lower part of the pelvis

28. It maintains the body balance.
It maintains the erect body posture.
It support the upper limb and head to
make them freely movable.
The combination of vertebral column,
sternum and ribs together form a

29. The thoracic cage is a region of
the human vertebral column lies
between the head and abdomen
excluding upper limbs.
Thoracic cavity encloses and
protect the crucial organs like
heart and lungs as well as many
blood vessels and nerves

30.  There are 12 pairs of ribs present in human
body.
 They are elongated curved bones that
articulate posteriorly with the vertebral
column.
 The first 7 pairs of ribs articulate directly with
sternum and are known as the “true ribs”.
 The next 3 pairs of ribs are known as “false

31. Motion
It allows the mobility to the thorax
region.
Costal breathing
The ribs are attached to the costal
cartilages in a specific manner which
helps in costal breathing.

32. This flat bone can be felt just under the skin in
the middle of the front of the chest.
 Manubrium :
It is the upper most part of sternum consisting of
two notches, jagular notch and clavicular notch.
 Body :
it is that part of the sternum where the ribs(2 to
7) get attached with cartilages.
 Xiphoid process :
At the time of birth xiphoid process is found in
the form of cartilage which hardens due to
ossification as the age progresses. It acts as the

33. 1) It completes the rib cage circle thus
protects the vital organs.
2) Ribs are connected to sternum via
costal cartilages, there by providing
flexibility.
3) It fills the space in the mid region of
chest just above the lungs and heart.