The document discusses axial force and axial force diagrams (AFDs). It defines axial force as any force that directly acts on the center axis of an object, typically stretching or compression forces. An AFD is a graphical representation of the axial loads acting at each section of a structural member, plotted proportionately with signs indicating tension or compression. The document provides examples of drawing AFDs for simply supported beams, cantilever beams, and frames under different loading conditions. It also lists some common structural analysis software that can be used to draw AFDs, such as ETABS, STAAD-Pro, and SAP-2000.

1. AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Department of Civil Engineering
Pre-stress Concrete Design (Sessional)
CE 416

2.  Mejbah
Uddin Chowdhury
 ID: 10.01.03.025
 Section: A
 Year: 4th Semester: 2nd
 Mr.
Munshi Galib Muktadir
 Ms. Sabreena Nasrin

4. AXIAL FORCE
An axial force is any force that directly acts on the
center axis of an object. These forces are typically
stretching force or compression force, depending
on direction.
 Axial force is determined by width, effective length,
and load and is measured in kilo pounds or kips


6. AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM(AFD)

A graphical representation of the axial load acting at
each section of a structural member, plotted to
scale and with proper sign as an ordinate at each
point of the member and along a reference line
representing the length of the member.

7. Determine the axial forces transmitted by transverse
cross sections in intervals AB, BC, and CD of the bar.
Draw an axial force diagram for the bar.

12. Drawn the axial
force
diagram.All of
the forces are in
tension.

13. AFD OF THE BEAMS LOADED AXIALLY BY THE
CONCENTRATED LOADS
Simply Supported Beam

15. CANTILEVER BEAM

16. DRAW THE AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAMS OF THE
FRAMES LOADED AS SHOWN BELOW.

18. ETABS
STAAD-Pro

19. SAP-2000