This document provides information about shear force and shear force diagrams. It defines shear force as the sum of vertical forces acting to the left or right of a beam section. A shear force diagram graphically represents the variation of shear force along the length of a beam, with ordinates showing shear force values and abscissas showing section positions. Shear force diagrams are useful analytical tools for structural design, allowing designers to determine required member sizes and materials to support loads without failure. The document also discusses sign conventions, methods for drawing shear force diagrams, practical applications, and examples of shear force diagrams for different beam types and load configurations.

1. WELCOME
TO
MY

2. ByEnamul Nasir
10.01.03.133
4th Year 2nd Semester
Dept. Of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University Of Science and Technology

3. •What is “SHEAR FORCE”?
Shear force:
is the algebraic sum of the vertical
forces acting to the left or right of a cut section
along the span of the beam.

4. •What is „SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM‟?
 Shear force diagram(SFD):
The graphical representation of shear force in which ordinates
represents shear force and the abscissa represents the position of the section is called
“shear force diagram” or it can be defined as “ A shear force diagram is the one which
shows the variation shear force along the length of a beam section.”

5. What is the importance of SFD in case of
designing structures?
 Shear force diagrams are analytical tools used in
conjunction with structural analysis to help perform
structural design by determining the value of shear force at
a given point of a structural element such as a beam. These
diagrams
can
be
used
to
easily
determine
the
type, size, and material of a member in a structure so that a
given set of loads can be supported without structural
failure.

6. Sign convention for SFD drawing?
 The normal convention used in most engineering applications
is to label a positive shear force one that spins an element
clockwise (up on the left, and down on the right).

7.  Also for simplification in solving many structural
problems the shear force at a section will be
considered positive when the resultant of the forces to
the left section is upwards, or to the right of the
section is downward.

8.  IMPORTANT POINTS FOR DRAWING SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
1.
Consider the left or right portion of the section,
2.
Add the forces ( including reactions ) normal to the beam on one
of the portion. [ If right portion of the section is chosen, a force on
the right portion acting downwards is positive while a force acting
upward is negative, if left section is chosen then sign convention
will be vice versa. ]
3.
The positive values of shear force are plotted above base line, and
negative values below base line.

9. 4.
5.
The shear force diagram will increase or decrease suddenly by a vertical
straight line at a section where there is a vertical point load.
The shear force between any two vertical loads will be constant and
hence the shear force diagram between any two vertical loads will be
horizontal.
 WHAT IS THE USE OF SFD?
To determine the internal shear forces at any given point on a
rigid body.

10. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
The figure below is referring the practical application of
shear force diagram in case of designing shear
reinforcement of a beam.

11. Some Examples of SFD
Simply Supported beam with UDL

12. Simply supported beams with triangular load

13.  Cantilever Beam

14.  Cantilever beam carrying Three Loads

15.  Simply Supported beam carrying double point load and UDL

16. A detail example of drawing SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
 A simply supported beam overhanging on one side is subjected to a U.D.L. of 1 kN/m. Sketch
the shear force diagram.
Solution: Consider a section (X – X’) at a distance x from end C of the beam.

17. To draw the Shear Force Diagram, RA and RB has to be defined,
By taking moment of all the forces about point A
∑MA =0
RB × 3 – w/2 × (4)2 = 0
RB = 1 × (4)2 / 2 × 3 = 8/3 kN
For static equilibrium;
∑Fy = 0
RA + RB – 1 × 4 = 0
RA = 4 – 8/3 = 4/3 kN

18. Now, To draw SFD we need S.F. at all salient points:
Taking a section between C and B, SF at a distance x from end C. we have,

19. Fx = + w.x kN
At x = 0;
FC = 0
x = 1 m;
FB just right = 1 × 1 = + 1 kN
Now, again taking section between B and A, at a distance x from end C, the SF is:
Fx = x – 8/3
When, x = 1 m; FB = 1 – 8/3 = –5/3 kN = –1.67 kN
At x = 4 m;
FA = 4 – 8/3 = + 4/3 kN = + 1.33 kN

20. When The S.F. becomes zero;
Fx = x – 8/3 = 0
⇒ x = 2.67 m
(The sign is taken positive taken when the resultant
force is in downward direction on the RHS of the
section).

21.  Now the Final Shear Force Diagram
The SFD can be drawn by joining the ordinates at salient point by straight line, as
defined by governing equations.

22. NECESSITY OF SFD IN CASE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

23. THANK YOU
ALL