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Agile and CMMI: Yes, They Can Work Together
- 1. AW11 Session 6/5/2013 3:45 PM "Agile and CMMI: Friendor Foe? A Lead Appraiser's View" Presented by: Ed Weller Integrated Productivity Solutions, LLC Brought to you by: 340 Corporate Way, Suite 300, Orange Park, FL 32073 888‐268‐8770 ∙ 904‐278‐0524 ∙ sqeinfo@sqe.com ∙ www.sqe.com
- 2. Ed Weller Integrated ProductivitySolutions, LLC Ed Weller is the principal in Integrated Productivity Solutions, providing solutions to companies seeking to improve productivity. Ed is internationally recognized as an expert in software engineering and in particular software measurement. His focus on quality started with his work on the Apollo program with General Electric; was reinforced during his work as a hardware, test, software, and systems engineer and manager on mainframe systems at Honeywell and Groupe Bull; and continued as the process group manager on the Motorola Iridium Project. For the past fourteen years, Ed has worked to improve the quality and productivity in small to very large companies that develop engineering and IT applications.
- 3. Agile and CMMI:Friend of Foe? A Lead Appraiser’s View Ed Weller Integrated Productivity Solutions © 2013, E. Weller Agenda Cultural bias? Misunderstandings? Education Application and examples OR 2
- 4. Agenda Cultural bias? Misunderstandings? Education Appraisals OR 3 My Biases LargeSystems ◦ Mainframe Hardware and OS ◦ Iridium Project CMM®/CMMI® Lead Appraiser since 1994 Client organizations vary from 15 to 140,000 people Strong proponent of software engineering Pragmatic view ◦ “If it works, something was done right” ® CMM and CMMI are registered trademarks of Carnegie Mellon University SM SCAMPI is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University 4
- 5. Agilistas’ Biases orMisunderstanding? CMMI means heavy documentation CMMI means rigid control or constraining processes CMMI has no value 5 Agenda Cultural bias? Misunderstandings? Education Appraisals OR 6
- 6. Demographics How many ofyou ◦ Have a recognizable Life Cycle Process g y Agile/Scrum? Waterfall or other life-cycle? ScrumBut? ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Are project managers/Scrum Masters? Are testers? Are developers? Are managers (one or more levels above project managers/Scrum Masters)? ◦ Measurement analysts? 7 Is There CMMI Overhead? Are you using the CMMI to improve or to obtain a level rating via an appraisal? ◦ The CMMI can provide valuable insight to activities or processes that can be useful ◦ The CMMI appraisal process – SCAMPISM As with any evaluation, audit, or appraisal process there will be overhead. The question is: overhead How much? What is the value 8
- 7. Key Concepts ofCMMI Descriptive, not prescriptive Not a process description - a model with sets of practices grouped by process areas – developed from experience Four “groupings” of process areas ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Project Management Engineering Support Process Management Version 1.3 acknowledged Agile 9 How Big Is Your Organization? How many teams do you have in your organization? ◦ One to thirty+ ?? ◦ Do multiple teams contribute to software releases? As your organization gets larger, the benefits from the Support and Process Management Process Areas increase Let’s briefly explore this theme … 10
- 8. High Level Mapping CMMIProcess Categories Project Management Engineering Support Process Management Covered by Scrum Agile/XP ? ? A lot more complex than suggested by the above, but let’s look how CMMI can support Agile/Scrum The intent is not to cover or explain the CMMI model today. For more information and mapping, see the works of Neil Potter, Hillel Glazer, Jeff Dalton, etc, 11 The “No Way” View CMMI Agile/Scrum 12
- 9. Another View –Some Overlap CMMI and Agile/Scrum CMMI How much overlap do we have? 13 What Experience Is Showing The degree of overlap “depends” – What are your needs? CMMI Agile/Scrum 14
- 10. Why Is theLast Picture Accurate? CMMI is a model ◦ CMMI is not a process or methodology ◦ Many ways to implement practices Agile initially was a philosophy ◦ Moving towards an development method – see Scott Ambler’s Disciplined Agile Delivery ◦ Scrum is a project management method Both Agile and Scrum (referred to a Agile hereafter) include a significant number of CMMI Practices 15 Agenda Cultural bias? Misunderstandings? Education Appraisals OR 16
- 11. Specifics at 50,000Feet (1) Project Management ◦ Project planning – do you Establish requirements? Agree on the work to be done in a sprint? Base the work on past history? Define your life cycle? Estimate effort and cost? Plan St k h ld involvement? Pl Stakeholder i l t? Obtain commitment? ◦ Would you do any significant software development without these activities ? 17 Specifics at 50,000 Feet (2) Project Monitoring and Control – do you ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Monitor progress? Monitor risks? Conduct progress reviews? Identify and analyze issues? Manage corrective action? Do you do most of these actions in the daily standup? Or as a normal part of the sprint? 18
- 12. A Few (More)Questions How many of you have a set iteration or sprint length? What do you do on Day 1 of the iteration? Day 2…N y g How many have a backlog? How many estimate story points and manage an iteration with planned velocity? 19 Engineering/ Agile-XP (1) AgileRequirements “Elicitation” ◦ Product Owner co-located co located ◦ User Stories Technical Solution ◦ Design Pairing, Test Driven Design ◦ Coding Pairing Product Integration ◦ How do you get your code into production? 20
- 13. Engineering/ Agile-XP (2) AgileTesting ◦Testers part of team ◦ Test Driven Design ◦ CI, automated testing Validation ◦ Demos at the end of sprints ◦ Working software rather than simulations, analysis, or arm-waving 21 Is It Really That Straightforward? Yes and No ☺ Yes because the methods developed over Yes, the last 10+ years have matured ◦ Do you know what you do in each day of your sprint cycle? ◦ Do you have expectations for all the stakeholders? No, because there is actually more discipline in functioning Agile teams than in many waterfall projects, and discipline isn’t free 22
- 14. Support Process Areas(1) This is a mixed bag Some are a natural part of an Agile development approach ◦ Configuration management – would anyone in their right mind try to deliver code without a CM system? ◦ Change control is built in to sprint management (if done smartly) ◦ Consider Agile without Continuous Integration (CI), and CI without tool support 23 Support Process Areas(2) Measurement ◦ Velocity – don’t you need history of Velocity? y y y y ◦ Size (work) estimates – Fibonacci sequence or ? ◦ Defects (?) – many heated discussions about “What is a defect” Working backwards from what your users see is a good way to start defining “defect” y y y g Ultimately, if you think you did it right and the test fails, or production fails, there is a defect ◦ The larger the organization, the more outside “pressure” on performance and skepticism (NIH) regarding Agile (e.g., pairing) 24
- 15. Support Process Areas(3) ProcessAssurance ◦ With 1 2 teams, probably a nuisance 1-2 teams ◦ But with 10-30 teams, how do you maintain convergence of process (the way work gets done)? ◦ How do you identify useful “deviations” from norm, the norm and propagate them across the organization? ◦ Even with the best of intentions, objective analysis can be lost 25 Support Process Areas(4) Trade Studies (DAR) ◦ When there are multiple possible solutions, how else would you decide? The value of formal trade studies may be at the organization or business level ◦ How many “big” decisions are made at the team level – few and far between? ◦ How about method/process change based on retrospectives? ◦ Tailoring or deviations? 26
- 16. Process Management(1) This maybe the sticky point – how much process management do you need? These process areas are intended to be “organizational” ◦ How big is your organization – 1, 5, 10, 20, 20+ teams? ◦ How much should be relative to the number of teams 27 Process Management(2) Who is responsible for coordinating and leading improvement efforts? Who collects, analyzes, and communicates metrics? Who maintains the organization process assets? Responsibility and resources need to be committed to these tasks 28
- 17. Organization Training How doyou organize training for new tools technologies, and processes? tools, technologies How do you ensure mentoring effectively conveys skills and knowledge? Who identifies training needs? g , g Who organizes trainers, brown bag lunches, etc? 29 What the Answers Mean Every time your answer was “Yes, we do that”, you have a process (“the way you that ( the get work done”) The CMMI can provide a framework for identifying needs and guidance for implementation 30
- 18. Agenda Cultural bias? Misunderstandings? Education Appraisals OR 31 How AboutAppraisals? If your organization decides it needs or wants a CMMI Level rating a “SCAMPI-A” rating, SCAMPI-A is required ◦ Not cheap or easy and there are built in costs that do not scale down to small organizations easily ◦ There are significant training costs si nificant trainin c sts Typically 5 days for each team member Lead Appraiser cost 32
- 19. Appraisal Cost(1) Significant misunderstandingof what “documentation” is required q ◦ In Agile, where are many of the “project management” artifacts kept? Wall charts/Visual Management boards Velocity per iteration Burn down Test status Etc ◦ All of these are “documentation” – the difficulty is getting this information to the appraisal team and showing a history of use 33 Appraisal Cost(2) “A picture is worth a thousand words” ◦ Tool screenshots/tool access ◦ Pictures of wall charts Appraisals of organizations using Agile can rely on pictures as a primary source or project documentation /history There will be additional overhead if team members and the Lead Appraiser are not co-located with the teams being appraised 34
- 20. Summary When used properly,the CMMI can be used to effectively address areas of software development and organizational structure that neither Agile nor Scrum handle Appraising for a level is another story – it will be costly and should be tied to business needs 35