Water recycling involves treating wastewater and sewage to produce recycled water, which can then be reused for purposes such as irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and groundwater recharge. The key benefits of water recycling include increasing water supplies, reducing usage of potable water for non-drinking purposes, and decreasing wastewater discharges into the environment. However, public perception can be a challenge as many remain concerned about the safety and quality of recycled water despite extensive treatment processes.
Water conservation encompasses policies and activities to manage fresh water sustainably to meet human and environmental needs. Rainwater harvesting is emphasized as an important conservation method. It involves collecting rainwater and storing it for various uses like irrigation and drinking. India has implemented successful rainwater harvesting programs in states like Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. Water recycling treats wastewater to remove impurities and allow reuse for purposes like landscaping irrigation, conserving drinking water resources. The Middle East has experienced political conflicts over shared water sources like the Jordan River, underscoring the strategic importance of water access.
Water conservation encompasses policies and strategies to manage fresh water sustainably to meet human and environmental needs. Rainwater harvesting is emphasized as an important conservation method. It involves collecting rainwater and storing it for reuse through various techniques. It has advantages like reducing flooding and contamination while providing an excellent source of water. Many regions have implemented rainwater harvesting successfully, making it compulsory in some cases. Water recycling treats wastewater to remove impurities and allow reuse for purposes like landscaping irrigation, conserving drinking water and reducing pollution discharged to natural water bodies.
The document summarizes popular struggles related to water in Bolivia and Sudan. In Bolivia, mass protests known as the Cochabamba Water War erupted in 2000 in response to the privatization of the municipal water supply and large rate increases imposed by the private company. After months of demonstrations and clashes with police, the government reversed the privatization. In Sudan, water conflicts stem from northern Arab expansion seeking new farmland and resources in the south. One conflict involved the Jonglei Canal project to drain the Sudd Swamps, which threatened local tribes and was attacked by the Sudan People's Liberation Army, forcing suspension of the project in 1984. Both examples show popular resistance to changes in water access and use of important water
Hydroelectricity harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is the most widely used renewable energy source, accounting for 16% of global electricity. China produces the most hydroelectricity but dams can harm local ecosystems by interrupting river flows. Tidal energy converts the kinetic energy of tides into electricity and has potential but high costs and limited sites have restricted its use. Geothermal energy uses heat from within the earth as a renewable source for power plants. Wave energy devices extract energy from ocean wave motion and pressure fluctuations. The Narmada Bachao Andolan is a social movement against large dams on the Narmada River in India, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam, due to environmental and social impacts
This document summarizes key information about water resources. It discusses various sources of water including surface water sources like ponds, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and rainwater as well as groundwater sources like wells, springs, and infiltration galleries. It also outlines major uses of water for consumptive purposes like irrigation, and non-consumptive purposes like hydroelectric power. Overuse of water resources is mentioned as a threat, with agriculture being the largest consumer and issues arising from overdrawing surface and groundwater supplies.
Save Ganga Presentation By Mallika Bhanotguest9291066
The document discusses concerns about hydropower projects being constructed along the Ganga river in India. It notes that the Ganga is a symbol of national pride but its free flow is being threatened by the dams. The projects are being built without properly considering their impacts on the local environment and communities. Issues highlighted include drying of water sources, landslides, pollution, disrupted ecosystems, and increased health problems. Clearances for projects like Loharinag-Pala were given but environmental regulations are not being followed. The feasibility of the projects is also in question due to declining water levels in the Ganga.
Save Ganga Presentation By Mallika BhanotManushiIndia
The document discusses the impacts of existing and proposed hydropower projects on the Ganga river in India. It summarizes that existing projects like Maneri Bhali have dried up water sources and disrupted local communities, while proposed projects like Loharinag-Pala would further threaten the fragile Himalayan ecosystem by obstructing wildlife migration and increasing seismic risks. Local villagers have faced health impacts and loss of livelihoods from these projects. The document argues all dams on the Ganga should be scrapped to protect the national river in its natural free-flowing state.
Water conservation encompasses policies and activities to manage fresh water sustainably to meet human and environmental needs. Rainwater harvesting is emphasized as an important conservation method. It involves collecting rainwater and storing it for various uses like irrigation and drinking. India has implemented successful rainwater harvesting programs in states like Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. Water recycling treats wastewater to remove impurities and allow reuse for purposes like landscaping irrigation, conserving drinking water resources. The Middle East has experienced political conflicts over shared water sources like the Jordan River, underscoring the strategic importance of water access.
Water conservation encompasses policies and strategies to manage fresh water sustainably to meet human and environmental needs. Rainwater harvesting is emphasized as an important conservation method. It involves collecting rainwater and storing it for reuse through various techniques. It has advantages like reducing flooding and contamination while providing an excellent source of water. Many regions have implemented rainwater harvesting successfully, making it compulsory in some cases. Water recycling treats wastewater to remove impurities and allow reuse for purposes like landscaping irrigation, conserving drinking water and reducing pollution discharged to natural water bodies.
The document summarizes popular struggles related to water in Bolivia and Sudan. In Bolivia, mass protests known as the Cochabamba Water War erupted in 2000 in response to the privatization of the municipal water supply and large rate increases imposed by the private company. After months of demonstrations and clashes with police, the government reversed the privatization. In Sudan, water conflicts stem from northern Arab expansion seeking new farmland and resources in the south. One conflict involved the Jonglei Canal project to drain the Sudd Swamps, which threatened local tribes and was attacked by the Sudan People's Liberation Army, forcing suspension of the project in 1984. Both examples show popular resistance to changes in water access and use of important water
Hydroelectricity harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is the most widely used renewable energy source, accounting for 16% of global electricity. China produces the most hydroelectricity but dams can harm local ecosystems by interrupting river flows. Tidal energy converts the kinetic energy of tides into electricity and has potential but high costs and limited sites have restricted its use. Geothermal energy uses heat from within the earth as a renewable source for power plants. Wave energy devices extract energy from ocean wave motion and pressure fluctuations. The Narmada Bachao Andolan is a social movement against large dams on the Narmada River in India, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam, due to environmental and social impacts
This document summarizes key information about water resources. It discusses various sources of water including surface water sources like ponds, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and rainwater as well as groundwater sources like wells, springs, and infiltration galleries. It also outlines major uses of water for consumptive purposes like irrigation, and non-consumptive purposes like hydroelectric power. Overuse of water resources is mentioned as a threat, with agriculture being the largest consumer and issues arising from overdrawing surface and groundwater supplies.
Save Ganga Presentation By Mallika Bhanotguest9291066
The document discusses concerns about hydropower projects being constructed along the Ganga river in India. It notes that the Ganga is a symbol of national pride but its free flow is being threatened by the dams. The projects are being built without properly considering their impacts on the local environment and communities. Issues highlighted include drying of water sources, landslides, pollution, disrupted ecosystems, and increased health problems. Clearances for projects like Loharinag-Pala were given but environmental regulations are not being followed. The feasibility of the projects is also in question due to declining water levels in the Ganga.
Save Ganga Presentation By Mallika BhanotManushiIndia
The document discusses the impacts of existing and proposed hydropower projects on the Ganga river in India. It summarizes that existing projects like Maneri Bhali have dried up water sources and disrupted local communities, while proposed projects like Loharinag-Pala would further threaten the fragile Himalayan ecosystem by obstructing wildlife migration and increasing seismic risks. Local villagers have faced health impacts and loss of livelihoods from these projects. The document argues all dams on the Ganga should be scrapped to protect the national river in its natural free-flowing state.
Social and environmental effect of large hydro powerASHWANI BHARATI
The document discusses the social and environmental impacts of large hydro power plants. It provides details about the Tehri Dam project in India as a case study. Some key points:
- Dams have negative environmental impacts like loss of habitat and disruption of river ecosystems, but can provide clean energy and flood control benefits.
- The Tehri Dam project in India displaced over 100 villages and the town of Tehri, requiring a large resettlement program with social and economic impacts.
- Potential impacts of dams include effects on water quality, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and induced poverty of resettled populations if not properly mitigated. The Tehri Dam project undertook various mitigation measures.
Water resources, its distribution and currennt situation 1ZAHID RASOOL
The document discusses water resources and the current water situation in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's water resources come from surface water like rivers and glacial melt, and groundwater aquifers. However, issues like increasing population, sedimentation reducing reservoir capacity, groundwater depletion, and low irrigation efficiency are exacerbating water scarcity. Urgent action is needed to improve water infrastructure and management to handle the country's growing water challenges.
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document explains the class 10 geography chapter 3 Water Resources. This will help all the students.
Teachers can take the help of this document to explain this chapter to their students, as students learn better when they visualize their learning
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document discusses water scarcity issues and various methods for water conservation and management in India. It notes that while water is a renewable resource, scarcity is caused by overexploitation and unequal access. Dams are described as multi-purpose projects that provide irrigation, power, and flood control, but can negatively impact ecosystems and cause issues like sedimentation. Rainwater harvesting techniques used historically in India are discussed, such as rooftop collection and storage in tankas.
The Buriganga River in Bangladesh has become heavily polluted over the past few decades. Once a source of drinking water and important for trade, the river is now close to biological death due to pollution from Dhaka's growing population. Sewage, waste from factories and tanneries, and oil spills have turned the river black and killed all fish. Solutions are needed such as wastewater treatment plants, dredging the riverbed, and controlling pollution from industries. With concerted efforts, it may be possible to restore the river as was done with London's Thames River.
The document discusses various sources of water including surface water sources like rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and impounded reservoirs as well as groundwater sources like springs, wells, infiltration galleries and infiltration wells. It provides details on each source, including definitions, types, quality considerations and images. It also discusses subsurface geological formations like aquifers, aquitards and aquifuges. In summary, the document comprehensively covers different sources of water above and below the ground surface.
Powai Lake is an artificial lake located in Mumbai that was constructed in 1891 as a measure against water famine. It has experienced problems with decreased area due to development, water quality deterioration from untreated sewage and garbage, and heavy siltation that has reduced its depth. Proposed solutions to address these issues include installing septic sewage pumping systems, patrolling to prevent damage and littering, education programs to raise awareness, bioremediation to remove pollutants, landscaping, desilting to increase water quantity, restricting construction in catchment areas, and promoting environmental ethics.
This document discusses water resources in India. It notes that 96.5% of water is in the oceans, 2.5% is freshwater, and 70% of freshwater is frozen in glaciers and ice. It also discusses causes of water shortage like climate, usage, pollution, and development. Dams are described as barriers that store water and have multiple purposes like irrigation, hydroelectricity, and flood control. However, dams can also displace people and damage the environment. Traditional water harvesting methods used in India include tanks, kuls, and bamboo drip irrigation. Rainwater harvesting is becoming more common to conserve water.
The document summarizes a student project on water pollution in Dhakuria Lake in Kolkata, India. It discusses the objectives of studying water quality criteria. It describes the present condition of the lake, with increased pollution from tourism and habitation. It outlines the study area, methods, and observations made which found pollution from water hyacinth overgrowth, cultural practices like idol immersions, non-degradable waste, and uses by nearby communities. It concludes that government action and public awareness are needed to restore the lake ecosystem and water quality.
Buriganga River Presentation
Buriganga River Presentation
Buriganga River Presentation
Daffodil International University
Buriganga River Presentation
Daffodil International University
Challenges of Water Quality Management: Case of Peripheral rivers in Dhaka Me...Global Water Partnership
Challenges of Water Quality Management: Case of Peripheral rivers in Dhaka Mega City, presented by Reba Paul, Executive Secretary, Bangladesh Water Partnership and Azharul Haq, Former Managing Director, Dhaka WASA at World Water Week 2010.
The document discusses water resources and related topics. It begins by introducing the student project and listing the contents to be covered, which include the hydrosphere, features of water, types of water resources, uses of water, the water cycle, water as a precious resource, freshwater resources, water pollution, water-related diseases, floods, droughts, and dams. It then provides details on these topics, describing things like the water cycle, groundwater resources, surface water resources, uses of water in agriculture, industry, domestic applications, and hydropower generation. It also discusses issues like water pollution, diseases related to water, and environmental problems caused by dams.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Multipurpose projectsEbad Rahman
Multipurpose projects have several advantages: they can reduce flooding, impound water for irrigation, human and industrial use, power generation, and transportation. However, they also have disadvantages, including the inundation of land and forests, displacement of people, and disruption of infrastructure and aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, multipurpose projects face challenges of attracting private investment given their complexity, and require strong regulatory frameworks and coordination between different users and sectors to balance competing demands.
Ecological impacts of dams & water diversions MrJewett
Dams and water diversions can have both positive and negative ecological impacts. Positively, dams provide benefits like hydropower, irrigation, flood control and more. However, they can also harm wildlife such as disrupting fish migration and reducing sediments downstream. This impacts wetland species and water quality. Dams may also cause erosion of downstream areas and change water temperature, flow and salinity levels. Large dam projects have additionally displaced many people from their homes. Examples highlighted are the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River.
Hydel dam projects which are considered 'Green' are found to be enviro-socially much worse than coal based thermal power plants. This PPT contains web-search about adverse impacts of Hydel dam projects and it's a tip of the iceberg. World needs to know Hydel vs Coal-based Power plants.
Water covers most of the Earth's surface and is essential for life. The main sources of water for irrigation are surface water from rivers, reservoirs and lakes, and groundwater. Surface water quantity depends on factors like storage capacity, permeability, runoff, precipitation and evaporation which can be impacted by human activities. Groundwater availability varies by location and depth. Water is tapped from these sources through various methods like gravity flow, pumping from wells or rivers. Dams and reservoirs help regulate water supply for irrigation in Pakistan.
The Uma Oya Multipurpose Development Project in Sri Lanka has negatively impacted local villages. The wells and springs in the area are drying up due to the project's construction, limiting the water available for residents and halting agriculture. The Mahaweli River, a major water source for cultivation, also faces the threat of depleted water levels. Residents express concerns about contamination of well water and the unsustainability of their livelihoods as farmers without adequate water resources.
This document discusses water management in Pakistan. It covers the country's water resources, which include glaciers, rivers, lakes, rainwater and underground sources. It notes that 69% of water is used for agriculture, 23% for industry and 8% for domestic uses. The document then outlines Pakistan's macro and micro level water management approaches. At the macro level, it discusses dams, barrages, canals and irrigation channels. At the micro level, it discusses public water supply systems, irrigation channels and industrial use. It also lists several environmental impacts of current water management practices, such as damaged ecosystems and reduced wildlife habitat. Finally, the document provides suggestions to improve water management, such as building smaller dams and restoring natural river
The document discusses various methods of water storage used in India to deal with droughts and water scarcity. It describes traditional techniques like jhalars, talabs, bawaris, taankas, ahar pynes, and johads that have been used for centuries to harvest rainwater and store it for use during dry periods. It also discusses dams, reservoirs, and rainwater harvesting as modern methods of water storage and conservation. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving water given the increasing water demands and impacts of climate change.
This document discusses the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement against large dams being built across the Narmada River in India. The movement was started in 1985 by Medha Patkar and others who noticed the negative impacts of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project, including lack of compensation for displaced people. The movement's goal was to ensure proper rehabilitation and compensation for project-affected people. It utilized strategies like protests, hunger strikes and garnering support from celebrities. While supporters argued it brought needed attention to environmental and social issues, critics argued it slowed development. The Indian Supreme Court has still not made a final ruling on stopping or allowing construction of the dams.
This document contains information about Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), a social movement against large dams being built on the Narmada River in India. The NBA was founded in 1989 by Medha Patkar and other activists and advocates for local communities affected by the dams. It opposes the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in particular due to concerns about inadequate rehabilitation of displaced people and environmental impacts. The NBA utilizes non-violent protests like hunger strikes and has received support from public figures. While the dams provide benefits like irrigation and power, the NBA argues more needs to be done to address the problems faced by project-affected communities. The Indian Supreme Court has heard legal challenges from the NBA but ultimately ruled construction
Social and environmental effect of large hydro powerASHWANI BHARATI
The document discusses the social and environmental impacts of large hydro power plants. It provides details about the Tehri Dam project in India as a case study. Some key points:
- Dams have negative environmental impacts like loss of habitat and disruption of river ecosystems, but can provide clean energy and flood control benefits.
- The Tehri Dam project in India displaced over 100 villages and the town of Tehri, requiring a large resettlement program with social and economic impacts.
- Potential impacts of dams include effects on water quality, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and induced poverty of resettled populations if not properly mitigated. The Tehri Dam project undertook various mitigation measures.
Water resources, its distribution and currennt situation 1ZAHID RASOOL
The document discusses water resources and the current water situation in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's water resources come from surface water like rivers and glacial melt, and groundwater aquifers. However, issues like increasing population, sedimentation reducing reservoir capacity, groundwater depletion, and low irrigation efficiency are exacerbating water scarcity. Urgent action is needed to improve water infrastructure and management to handle the country's growing water challenges.
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document explains the class 10 geography chapter 3 Water Resources. This will help all the students.
Teachers can take the help of this document to explain this chapter to their students, as students learn better when they visualize their learning
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document discusses water scarcity issues and various methods for water conservation and management in India. It notes that while water is a renewable resource, scarcity is caused by overexploitation and unequal access. Dams are described as multi-purpose projects that provide irrigation, power, and flood control, but can negatively impact ecosystems and cause issues like sedimentation. Rainwater harvesting techniques used historically in India are discussed, such as rooftop collection and storage in tankas.
The Buriganga River in Bangladesh has become heavily polluted over the past few decades. Once a source of drinking water and important for trade, the river is now close to biological death due to pollution from Dhaka's growing population. Sewage, waste from factories and tanneries, and oil spills have turned the river black and killed all fish. Solutions are needed such as wastewater treatment plants, dredging the riverbed, and controlling pollution from industries. With concerted efforts, it may be possible to restore the river as was done with London's Thames River.
The document discusses various sources of water including surface water sources like rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and impounded reservoirs as well as groundwater sources like springs, wells, infiltration galleries and infiltration wells. It provides details on each source, including definitions, types, quality considerations and images. It also discusses subsurface geological formations like aquifers, aquitards and aquifuges. In summary, the document comprehensively covers different sources of water above and below the ground surface.
Powai Lake is an artificial lake located in Mumbai that was constructed in 1891 as a measure against water famine. It has experienced problems with decreased area due to development, water quality deterioration from untreated sewage and garbage, and heavy siltation that has reduced its depth. Proposed solutions to address these issues include installing septic sewage pumping systems, patrolling to prevent damage and littering, education programs to raise awareness, bioremediation to remove pollutants, landscaping, desilting to increase water quantity, restricting construction in catchment areas, and promoting environmental ethics.
This document discusses water resources in India. It notes that 96.5% of water is in the oceans, 2.5% is freshwater, and 70% of freshwater is frozen in glaciers and ice. It also discusses causes of water shortage like climate, usage, pollution, and development. Dams are described as barriers that store water and have multiple purposes like irrigation, hydroelectricity, and flood control. However, dams can also displace people and damage the environment. Traditional water harvesting methods used in India include tanks, kuls, and bamboo drip irrigation. Rainwater harvesting is becoming more common to conserve water.
The document summarizes a student project on water pollution in Dhakuria Lake in Kolkata, India. It discusses the objectives of studying water quality criteria. It describes the present condition of the lake, with increased pollution from tourism and habitation. It outlines the study area, methods, and observations made which found pollution from water hyacinth overgrowth, cultural practices like idol immersions, non-degradable waste, and uses by nearby communities. It concludes that government action and public awareness are needed to restore the lake ecosystem and water quality.
Buriganga River Presentation
Buriganga River Presentation
Buriganga River Presentation
Daffodil International University
Buriganga River Presentation
Daffodil International University
Challenges of Water Quality Management: Case of Peripheral rivers in Dhaka Me...Global Water Partnership
Challenges of Water Quality Management: Case of Peripheral rivers in Dhaka Mega City, presented by Reba Paul, Executive Secretary, Bangladesh Water Partnership and Azharul Haq, Former Managing Director, Dhaka WASA at World Water Week 2010.
The document discusses water resources and related topics. It begins by introducing the student project and listing the contents to be covered, which include the hydrosphere, features of water, types of water resources, uses of water, the water cycle, water as a precious resource, freshwater resources, water pollution, water-related diseases, floods, droughts, and dams. It then provides details on these topics, describing things like the water cycle, groundwater resources, surface water resources, uses of water in agriculture, industry, domestic applications, and hydropower generation. It also discusses issues like water pollution, diseases related to water, and environmental problems caused by dams.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Multipurpose projectsEbad Rahman
Multipurpose projects have several advantages: they can reduce flooding, impound water for irrigation, human and industrial use, power generation, and transportation. However, they also have disadvantages, including the inundation of land and forests, displacement of people, and disruption of infrastructure and aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, multipurpose projects face challenges of attracting private investment given their complexity, and require strong regulatory frameworks and coordination between different users and sectors to balance competing demands.
Ecological impacts of dams & water diversions MrJewett
Dams and water diversions can have both positive and negative ecological impacts. Positively, dams provide benefits like hydropower, irrigation, flood control and more. However, they can also harm wildlife such as disrupting fish migration and reducing sediments downstream. This impacts wetland species and water quality. Dams may also cause erosion of downstream areas and change water temperature, flow and salinity levels. Large dam projects have additionally displaced many people from their homes. Examples highlighted are the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River.
Hydel dam projects which are considered 'Green' are found to be enviro-socially much worse than coal based thermal power plants. This PPT contains web-search about adverse impacts of Hydel dam projects and it's a tip of the iceberg. World needs to know Hydel vs Coal-based Power plants.
Water covers most of the Earth's surface and is essential for life. The main sources of water for irrigation are surface water from rivers, reservoirs and lakes, and groundwater. Surface water quantity depends on factors like storage capacity, permeability, runoff, precipitation and evaporation which can be impacted by human activities. Groundwater availability varies by location and depth. Water is tapped from these sources through various methods like gravity flow, pumping from wells or rivers. Dams and reservoirs help regulate water supply for irrigation in Pakistan.
The Uma Oya Multipurpose Development Project in Sri Lanka has negatively impacted local villages. The wells and springs in the area are drying up due to the project's construction, limiting the water available for residents and halting agriculture. The Mahaweli River, a major water source for cultivation, also faces the threat of depleted water levels. Residents express concerns about contamination of well water and the unsustainability of their livelihoods as farmers without adequate water resources.
This document discusses water management in Pakistan. It covers the country's water resources, which include glaciers, rivers, lakes, rainwater and underground sources. It notes that 69% of water is used for agriculture, 23% for industry and 8% for domestic uses. The document then outlines Pakistan's macro and micro level water management approaches. At the macro level, it discusses dams, barrages, canals and irrigation channels. At the micro level, it discusses public water supply systems, irrigation channels and industrial use. It also lists several environmental impacts of current water management practices, such as damaged ecosystems and reduced wildlife habitat. Finally, the document provides suggestions to improve water management, such as building smaller dams and restoring natural river
The document discusses various methods of water storage used in India to deal with droughts and water scarcity. It describes traditional techniques like jhalars, talabs, bawaris, taankas, ahar pynes, and johads that have been used for centuries to harvest rainwater and store it for use during dry periods. It also discusses dams, reservoirs, and rainwater harvesting as modern methods of water storage and conservation. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving water given the increasing water demands and impacts of climate change.
This document discusses the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement against large dams being built across the Narmada River in India. The movement was started in 1985 by Medha Patkar and others who noticed the negative impacts of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project, including lack of compensation for displaced people. The movement's goal was to ensure proper rehabilitation and compensation for project-affected people. It utilized strategies like protests, hunger strikes and garnering support from celebrities. While supporters argued it brought needed attention to environmental and social issues, critics argued it slowed development. The Indian Supreme Court has still not made a final ruling on stopping or allowing construction of the dams.
This document contains information about Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), a social movement against large dams being built on the Narmada River in India. The NBA was founded in 1989 by Medha Patkar and other activists and advocates for local communities affected by the dams. It opposes the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in particular due to concerns about inadequate rehabilitation of displaced people and environmental impacts. The NBA utilizes non-violent protests like hunger strikes and has received support from public figures. While the dams provide benefits like irrigation and power, the NBA argues more needs to be done to address the problems faced by project-affected communities. The Indian Supreme Court has heard legal challenges from the NBA but ultimately ruled construction
The document provides information about water conservation efforts in India. It describes how a water conservation project in the village of Bitkuli in Chhattisgarh transformed the village by increasing water availability. The project involved constructing small ponds to conserve rainwater, deepening an existing dam, and directing rainwater flow towards the dam. This reliable water supply allowed farmers to grow crops in more than one season and reduced migration. The document also mentions that rainwater harvesting has become a popular conservation method in urban areas of collecting rainwater on rooftops and storing it underground for later use. It provides an example of how Cherrapunji, which receives heavy rainfall, experiences shortages due to deforestation and lack of conservation methods
Hard water is water with high mineral content. It does not pose health risks but can cause issues for industrial equipment by forming scale. Water softening removes calcium and magnesium ions to reduce hard water's effects. Hard water reacts with soap to form precipitates rather than lather, and deposits scale in pipes and appliances. Water softening is commonly used to address these problems.
The Tehri Dam is located in Uttarakhand, India. It is the highest dam in India and one of the tallest in the world. Phase 1 was completed in 2006 and the dam generates 1,000 MW of hydroelectricity. However, the dam has faced protests from environmental groups and local people due to concerns about displacement of over 100,000 people and impacts to the fragile Himalayan ecosystem. There are also concerns about the dam's stability due to its location in a major seismic zone.
This document provides information about water recycling and conservation efforts in India. It discusses how water recycling works, types of recycled water, and its various uses. It also summarizes India's issues with groundwater depletion and overuse. Various methods to conserve groundwater are outlined, like rainwater harvesting projects in villages and disposal of chemicals. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of sustainable water management and conservation in India given its high population and water demands.
The document discusses various topics related to water sustainability including the water cycle, water scarcity issues in India, groundwater levels declining, water conservation methods, and the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement. It provides details on hard water and soft water, water treatment methods like water softening, and different renewable energy sources that utilize water like hydropower and tidal power.
The document summarizes the key details of the Sardar Sarovar Project on the Narmada River in India and the protests against it led by the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement. It describes the project's conception in the 1960s, the benefits it aims to provide including irrigation, drinking water and power, and the problems of displacement of local tribes and loss of land and ecology. It outlines the leaders and tactics of the NBA protest movement, and the ongoing legal battle over the project that reached the Indian Supreme Court.
Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16% of global electricity generation. China produces the most hydroelectricity, while the cost is relatively low, though dams can harm local ecosystems by interrupting river flows. Tidal energy converts tidal energy into electricity and has potential but high costs limit sites. Geothermal energy uses heat from the earth and is a renewable source often allowed on federal lands with little environmental harm. Wave energy devices extract energy from ocean waves with large energy potential.
This document contains information about Aneesha Agarwal's school details and a report on the topic of water. It discusses water recycling, factors to consider in water recycling programs, benefits of using recycled water for irrigation, sources of hard water including calcium and magnesium, effects of hard water, water resources, hydro power, tidal energy, the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement, sustainability of groundwater, causes of groundwater overutilization in India, benefits of rainwater harvesting, and watershed management.
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater before it reaches the aquifer. It is practiced widely in parts of India like Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Kerala. The process involves collecting rainwater via catchment areas and conduits, filtering it, and storing it in tanks to recharge groundwater. Advantages include providing an independent water supply during restrictions and promoting water and energy conservation.
This document provides information about Narmada Bachao Andolan, a movement against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River in India. It discusses how the movement was started in 1985 to protest the Sardar Sarovar Dam and other projects that would displace over 250,000 people. Led by activist Medha Patkar, the movement mobilized local communities, farmers, environmentalists and others against the dams. It gained international support and used non-violent protests, hunger strikes and media coverage to pressure officials.
This document provides information about the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement. It summarizes that the movement was started in 1985 against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam, which would displace over 250,000 people. Led by activist Medha Patkar, the Narmada Bachao Andolan mobilized local people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists to peacefully protest the dams. The movement gained international support and pressured the World Bank to withdraw funding for the dam projects.
This document provides information about Narmada Bachao Andolan, a movement against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River in India. It discusses how the movement was started in 1985 to protest the Sardar Sarovar Dam and other projects that would displace over 250,000 people. Led by activist Medha Patkar, the movement mobilized local communities, farmers, environmentalists and others against the dams. It argues the dams will damage livelihoods and biodiversity while alternatives exist to provide water and energy. The movement has gained international support through peaceful protests, hunger strikes and media coverage, bringing attention to the issue.
This document provides biographical information about Reeti Bhattacharyya, a class 10 student, including her name, class, roll number, and school details. It then lists the various science and social science topics she has studied that relate to water, including chemistry, biology, physics, geography, political development, and economic development. The document proceeds to provide more details on several of these topics, including hardness of water, recycling water, water as a source of energy, water as a resource, and sustainability. It also discusses various water-related movements in India such as the Narmada Bachao Andolan.
This document provides information about the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) movement against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River in India. The NBA, led by Medha Patkar, mobilized farmers, tribal people, environmentalists and human rights activists starting in 1985 to protest the Sardar Sarovar Dam project. They argue it will displace over 250,000 people and damage the environment and livelihoods. While proponents say it will provide power and water, the NBA advocates for alternative technologies with less environmental and social impact. The movement has gained international support and used protests, hunger strikes and media coverage to pressure decision makers.
This document provides information about the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) movement against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River in India. The NBA, led by Medha Patkar, mobilized farmers, tribal people, environmentalists and human rights activists starting in 1985 to protest the Sardar Sarovar Dam project. They argue it will displace over 250,000 people and damage the environment and livelihoods. While proponents say it will provide electricity and water, the NBA advocates for alternative technologies with less environmental and social impacts. The movement gained international support and used protests, hunger strikes and media coverage to pressure decision makers.
Thermal power house chemistry at DVC BANJHEDIH, KODERMA, JHARKHAND by Yashwan...yashwant yadav
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
HOW MUCH THIS TRAINING WAS HELPFUL TO ME
The training at the DVC KTPS Banjhedih was very much helpful to me.
It is a matter of great pleasure and privilege for me to present this report of 20 days on the practical knowledge gained by me during practical training at KTPS Banjhedih, Koderma during session 11 oct 2017 to 30 oct 2017.
I attribute heartiest thanks to Dr. Sanjoy Kumar Sinha along with Chemist Mr. Arun Kumar Parmanik , Mr. Shashi Bhushan ,Mrs. Kumari Priti and Mr. Bhutnath Rajwar, Mr. Chandresh Kumar, Mr. Shushil Tuddu and greatly thanks to Dy. Manager (Chemist) Mr. Rasikan J. Bhengra. As well as workers of the chemical lab. The project has been prepared based on the vocational training undergone in a highly esteemed organization of Eastern region , a pioneer in Generation, Transmission & Distribution of power , one of the most technically advanced & largest thermal power station in Jharkhand, the KTPS Banjhedih under DVC.
Koderma Thermal Power Station providing me such opportunity to undergo training in the DVC, KTPS. I would also like to thank the senior chemists, highly experienced without whom such type of concept building in respect of thermal power station would not have been possible.
Thanks
Yashwant Yadav
A PROJECT REPORT ON RAINWATER HARVESTING ATKayla Smith
The document is a project report on rainwater harvesting at Lingaya's University in Faridabad, India. It discusses setting up a rainwater harvesting system to collect rainwater from the rooftops of nine buildings on the university campus and store it in an underground recharge well for future use, as groundwater levels are declining in the area. It provides background on the need for rainwater harvesting in India given increasing water demand and declining supplies, and discusses the components and design of the proposed system at the university.
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater from rooftops and surrounding areas. It helps replenish groundwater levels and reduces water scarcity. The document discusses the need for rainwater harvesting in India due to increasing water demand and falling groundwater levels. It describes the components of a rainwater harvesting system including catchments, gutters, filters and storage tanks. Implementing rainwater harvesting can provide a sustainable water source and help conserve water resources.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting, which involves collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops and surfaces where rain falls. It notes that rainwater harvesting is important for replenishing groundwater supplies and addressing water scarcity issues. The document provides details on the components of a rainwater harvesting system, including catchment areas, gutters, filters, and storage tanks. It discusses the benefits of rainwater harvesting and how to estimate the potential water harvest from a given area based on rainfall amounts. Overall, the document promotes rainwater harvesting as a sustainable and cost-effective way to conserve water resources.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a social movement opposed to large dams being built on the Narmada River in India, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat. Led by activists Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, NBA organized protests like hunger strikes and a march to raise awareness about the environmental and social impacts of displacement. While the Supreme Court initially stopped dam construction, it later ruled in favor of the project subject to rehabilitation conditions. However, the movement successfully increased scrutiny of resettlement plans and environmental compliance for large dam projects in India.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a social movement opposed to large dams being built across the Narmada River in India, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat. Led by activists Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, NBA organized protests like hunger strikes and a march to raise awareness about the environmental and social impacts of displacement. While the Supreme Court initially stopped dam construction, it later ruled in favor of the project subject to rehabilitation conditions. However, the movement successfully increased scrutiny of displacement safeguards for large infrastructure projects impacting local communities in India.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a social movement opposed to large dams being built on the Narmada River in India, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat. Led by activists Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, NBA organized protests like hunger strikes and a march to raise awareness about the environmental and social impacts of displacement. While the Supreme Court initially stopped dam construction, it later ruled in favor of the project subject to rehabilitation conditions. However, the movement successfully increased scrutiny of resettlement plans and environmental compliance for large dam projects in India.
This document discusses issues related to ensuring safe drinking water in Bangladesh. It outlines several challenges, including arsenic contamination of groundwater, cultivation of shrimp which increases salinity, reduction of upstream river flows, excessive groundwater use, and natural disasters. Current policy initiatives and the work of NGO Uttaran to increase access to safe drinking water are also mentioned. The document provides background on water management challenges in Bangladesh and their health, social and economic impacts.
Rainwater harvesting has a long history around the world. It involves collecting rainwater and storing it for later use before it reaches aquifers. It has been practiced as far back as the 3rd century BC in parts of India and Pakistan. It remains an important source of water for irrigation and other purposes. Rainwater harvesting systems typically involve three steps - collection, filtration, and storage. Water conservation aims to ensure sustainable access to water resources for current and future generations. It is important for both environmental and social reasons.
Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for centuries around the world to collect and store rainwater for irrigation and drinking. It involves collecting rainwater, transporting it, filtering it, and storing it for groundwater recharge or other uses. Popular struggles have occurred related to water privatization and large dam projects that displaced communities or restricted access to water sources. Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs, and groundwater can be preserved by reducing chemical and waste pollution, conserving water usage, and practicing reuse and recycling.
This document discusses water resources and management in India. It covers topics like water use and overexploitation of resources, floods, droughts, traditional water management systems, and the benefits and problems of large dams. Specifically, it notes that although water is abundant globally, only a small percentage is available for human use. It also outlines some of the environmental impacts that can occur both upstream and downstream from large dam construction projects.
The document discusses the Narmada Bachao Andolan, a social movement against large dams being built across the Narmada River in India. The movement, led by Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, campaigns through hunger strikes and garnering support from celebrities. It was formed to protest the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat for displacing people without proper rehabilitation and not obtaining consent. The movement highlights environmental and social concerns around large dam projects.
The document discusses various ways that water can be used as an energy resource, including tidal energy, wave energy, and hydroelectric power. Tidal energy harnesses the kinetic energy of tidal flows and uses turbines to generate electricity. Wave energy captures energy from ocean waves. Hydroelectric power generates electricity from hydropower by using the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. All of these methods can provide renewable sources of energy from water.
This document discusses water recycling and various methods for recycling water. It begins by explaining that water is an important resource but can become scarce, so recycling water is important. It then describes several processes involved in water recycling, including microfiltration to remove bacteria and viruses, reverse osmosis to remove salts, and advanced oxidation to remove contaminants. Finally, it discusses some basic water recycling techniques that can be done at home.
The document discusses various ways that water can be used as an energy resource, including tidal energy, wave energy, and hydroelectric power. Tidal energy harnesses the kinetic energy of tidal flows and uses turbines to generate electricity. Wave energy captures energy from ocean waves. Hydroelectric power generates electricity from the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water through dams and turbines. The document provides details on how each of these resources works and their environmental impacts and potential.
The document discusses various ways that water can be used as an energy resource, including through tidal energy, wave energy, and hydroelectric power. Tidal energy harnesses the kinetic energy of tidal flows and uses turbines to generate electricity. Wave energy converters placed offshore capture energy from ocean surface waves. Hydroelectric dams generate electricity by harnessing the potential energy of falling or flowing water through turbines.
This document provides information about the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement in India. It began as a social movement opposing large dams being built across the Narmada River in the states of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. The movement, led by Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, campaigns through hunger strikes and garnering support from celebrities. It was formed to give voice to the concerns of adivasis, farmers and environmentalists about the negative impacts of the dams, especially the Sardar Sarovar Dam, on local communities without proper rehabilitation efforts. The movement received the Right Livelihood Award in 1991 for its activism on the issue.
Groundwater is water found underground in soil and rock formations called aquifers. It is a highly useful resource, providing half of the United States' drinking water and watering 40% of its agriculture. However, overuse of groundwater can cause water tables to drop significantly as aquifers are not recharging sufficiently. In places like India, extensive pumping of groundwater for irrigation has caused levels to drop dramatically in some areas. Integrating surface water and groundwater management is important to sustainably protect water supplies and ecosystems.
Hard water is water that has high levels of dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium. It causes scaling in pipes and reduces the effectiveness of soap. Soft water contains little to no calcium or magnesium. Various methods can be used to reduce water hardness, like installing a water softener or filter. Overuse of groundwater can lead to depletion of storage, reductions in streamflow, loss of wetlands, land subsidence, and changes in quality - threatening sustainability. Factors like these must be considered to ensure sustainable groundwater use.
This document contains information about a student named Nirali Mehta's science project on recycling water. It includes sections that define recycled water, describe how water is recycled through processes like electrocoagulation, and list common uses of recycled water such as for landscaping, industry, agriculture, and potable drinking water. It also includes information about Nirali Mehta's chemistry project on water hardness, including what causes hard water, its effects like reducing soap lather, and methods for softening hard water through processes like water softening and adding chemicals.
This document contains information about a student named Nirali Mehta's science project on recycling water. It includes sections that define recycled water, describe how water is recycled through processes like electrocoagulation, and list common uses of recycled water such as for landscaping, industry, agriculture, and potable drinking water. It also provides details about Nirali Mehta's chemistry project on water hardness, including what causes hard water, its effects like reducing soap lather, and methods for softening hard water through processes like water softening and adding chemicals.
Water conservation encompasses policies and strategies to manage fresh water sustainably to meet current and future human and environmental needs. Population growth and climate change increase pressures on water resources, especially for agriculture which accounts for 70% of worldwide fresh water usage. Some argue for removing agricultural subsidies to incentivize more efficient irrigation and crop choices. Watershed management involves defining and managing drainage basins and land areas contributing to surface water resources. Rainwater harvesting systems collect and concentrate rainwater and runoff for irrigation, domestic use, livestock, and groundwater recharge. Delhi faces water issues due to its dry climate and increasing demand from private and industrial users, though groundwater extraction is illegal. Past privatization efforts were defeated by public movements concerned with
This document discusses various topics related to water including its hardness, recycling, and use as an energy source. It provides information on how to soften hard water through various methods like using soda, slaked lime, or boiling. It also discusses recycling of water in various industries like paper, poultry, and greenhouses. Additionally, it explains how water can be used to generate hydroelectric power and the benefits and drawbacks of hydropower. Lastly, it discusses rainwater harvesting as a method to conserve water.
This document discusses various topics related to water including science, social science, and methods of conserving water. It covers the hardness of water in chemistry and recycling of water in biology. In physics, it discusses water as a source of energy. For social science, it discusses topics like the sustainability of groundwater for economic development and movements related to water for political development. It also discusses the conservation of water in geography. The document then provides details on various methods of conserving water including rainwater harvesting and watershed management.
Water conservation encompasses policies and strategies to manage fresh water sustainably to meet current and future demand while protecting the environment. It is needed to ensure long-term availability, reduce energy usage for water distribution, and preserve freshwater habitats. Rainwater harvesting and watershed management are important techniques for water conservation. Rainwater collection stores roof runoff for irrigation and other uses, while watershed management aims to sustainably distribute resources within a drainage area. Recycling water through methods like rain barrel collection and reuse of drain water can also conserve fresh water supplies.
Nirali Mehta's 10th grade science project is on recycling water. The document discusses how water is recycled by treating wastewater to remove solids and impurities. This treated water can then be used for landscaping irrigation, replenishing groundwater, or augmenting streamflows. Water recycling technologies aim to reuse wastewater from drilling operations in a cost-effective way, such as using electrocoagulation to remove organic material. Recycled water has many potential uses as long as it is treated appropriately, including household and industrial uses as well as agriculture, firefighting, and groundwater recharge.
The Cochabamba Water War was a series of protests that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia between 1999-2000 in response to the privatization of the city's municipal water supply company. The tensions erupted when the new private firm, Aguas del Tunari, dramatically raised water rates. Protests organized by the Coordinadora in Defense of Water and Life culminated in tens of thousands marching downtown and battling police, with one civilian killed. The water war ignited historic political and social change in Bolivia and shook the country's economic policies dominated by the IMF and World Bank to their core.
This document contains information about Uzma Afrin Akhter, a 10th grade student studying science, and summaries of chapters on chemistry, physics, biology, and water recycling. The chemistry section discusses how hard water forms mineral deposits and how ion exchange and the lime-soda process are used to soften hard water. The physics section covers various water energy resources like hydropower, tidal power, and technologies using saline water. The biology section discusses treating wastewater through recycling to remove solids and reuse it for irrigation. The final section provides examples of communities that safely reuse treated wastewater.
This document provides information about Uzma Afrin Akhter, a 10th grade student with registration number B114084140109 and roll number 52 studying social science. It then discusses various topics related to water conservation in India such as defining water conservation, importance of rainwater harvesting, watershed management, methods of water conservation like reuse of greywater and rainwater harvesting, and issues around overuse of groundwater in India. It also briefly summarizes India's legal framework around groundwater rights and challenges in implementing recent reform efforts.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
3. CONSERVATION OF
WATER
WHAT IS WATER CONSERVATION?
Water
conservation encompasses
the
policies, strategies and activities to
manage fresh water as a sustainable resource
to protect the water environment and to meet
current and future human demand.
AIMS OF CONSERVATION
- Revive traditional structures as well as
create new infrastructure for water
conservation
- Increase the groundwater recharge in
the watershed area
- Increase water use efficiency in
agriculture and domestic sectors by
ensuring the adoption
of water management techniques
- Conserve fertile soil through soil and
moisture conservation
4. RAINWATER HARVESTING
In urban areas, the construction of
houses, footpaths and roads has
left little exposed earth for water to
soak in. In parts of the rural areas
of India, floodwater quickly flows to
the rivers, which then dry up soon
after the rains stop. If this water
can be held back, it can seep into
the ground and recharge the
groundwater supply.
This has become a very popular
method of conserving water
especially in the urban areas.
Rainwater harvesting essentially
means collecting rainwater on the
roofs of building and storing it
underground for later use.
Some of the benefits of rainwater
harvesting are as follows
a. Increases water availability
b.Checks the declining water table
is environmentally friendly
c.Improves the quality of
groundwater through the dilution of
fluoride, nitrate, and salinity
d.Prevents soil erosion and flooding
especially in urban areas
6. RAINWATER HARVESTING IN INDIA
Rainwater harvesting can be seen in the northeastern
states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya,
Manipur and Nagaland. This is also in use in Bikaner,
Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts of Rajasthan. In
recent years, at the initiative of the Central and State
Governments, the practice has been increasingly
adopted in many cities and towns in different parts
of the country.
TANKA – A RAINWATER HARVESTING TANK
FOUND IN INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh Water Resources department has
achieved a milestone in implementation of demonstrative
projects on roof top rainwater harvesting and artificial
recharge to groundwater under cent per cent Central sector
scheme "Ground water management and regulation" during
the 11th Five Year Plan. The total detailed project reports
cleared by the state level technical core committee and
accepted by New Delhi covered 235 projects in 11 districts,
official sources informed here today. The districts, includes
Tawang, West and East Kameng, Papum Pare, Kurung
Kumey, Tirap and Longding.
The inhabitants of border
and hill top villages would
be the main beneficiaries
of these projects as the
state government was
committed to conserve
rainwater in storage tanks
to supplement water
requirement during lean
period.
8. .
SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER
.
The importance of groundwater
for the existence of human
society cannot be
overemphasized. Groundwater
is the major source of drinking
water in both urban and rural
India. Besides, it is an important
source of water for the
agricultural and the industrial
sector. Till recently it had been
considered a dependable source
of uncontaminated water
REASONS THAT HAVE
LED TO DEGRADATION
IN GROUNDWATER
During the past two decades,
the water level in several parts
of the country has been falling
rapidly due to an increase in
extraction.
The number of wells drilled for
irrigation of both food and
cash crops have rapidly and
indiscriminately increased.
India's rapidly rising
population
and
changing lifestyles
has also increased
the domestic need
for water. The water
requirement for the
industry also shows
an overall increase.
The
quality of
groundwater
is
getting
severely
affected because of
the
widespread
pollution of surface
water.
9. INDIA’S GROUNDWATER
SCENARIO
India is heading towards a freshwater crisis
mainly due to improper management of water
resources and environmental degradation,
which has lead to a lack of access to safe
water supply to millions of people. This
freshwater crisis is already evident in many
parts of India, varying in scale and intensity
depending mainly on the time of the year.
As far as the quality of groundwater is concerned, many states in the country have been
identified as endemic to fluorosis due to abundance in naturally occurring fluoride-bearing
minerals. These are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, and
TamilNadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, and Delhi.
Nearly half million people in India suffer from ailments due to excess of fluoride in drinking
water. In some districts of Assam and Orissa, groundwater has high iron content. About 31%
of the total area of Rajasthan comes under saline groundwater. Groundwater is saline in
almost all of the Bhakra Canal in Punjab and the lift canal system in south-western Haryana.
Similarly high levels of arsenic in groundwater have been reported in the shallow aquifers in
some districts of West Bengal. Certain places in Haryana, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh were
also found to have dangerously high levels of mercury.
12. REACTIONS INVOLVED IN THE
FORMATION OF HARD WATER
Hard drinking water is generally not
harmful to one's health, but can pose
serious problems in industrial settings,
where water hardness is monitored to
avoid costly breakdowns in boilers,
cooling towers and other equipment that
handles water. In domestic settings, hard
water is often indicated by a lack of suds
formation when soap is agitated in
water, and by the formation of
limescale in kettles and water heaters.
Wherever water hardness is a
concern, water softening is commonly
used to reduce hard water's adverse
effects.
13. With hard water, soap solutions form a
white precipitate (soap scum) instead of
producing lather, because the 2+ ions
destroy the surfactant properties of the
soap by forming a solid precipitate (the
soap scum). A major component of such
scum is calcium stearate, which arises
from sodium stearate, the main component
of soap :
2 C17H35COO- + Ca2+ → (C17H35COO)2Ca
Hard water also forms deposits that clog
plumbing. These deposits, called "scale ",
are
composed
mainly
of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium
hydroxide (Mg(OH)2),
and calcium
sulfate (CaSO4)
It is often desirable to soften hard water.
Most detergents contain ingredients that
counteract the effects of hard water on the
surfactants. For this reason, water
softening is often unnecessary. Where
softening is practiced, it is often
recommended to soften only the water
sent to domestic hot water systems so as
to prevent or delay inefficiencies and
damage due to scale formation in water
heaters. A common method for water
softening involves the use of ion exchange
resins, which replace ions like Ca2+ by twice
the number of monocations such
as sodium or potassium ions.
15. WATER AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY
WATER AS AN ENERGY
Water has been found to be a major
source of energy
All types of electricity generation
consume water either to process the
raw materials used in the facility or
fuel, constructing and maintaining
the plant, or to just generate the
electricity itself. Renewable power
sources as photovoltaic
solar and wind power, which
require little water to produce
energy, require water in processing
the raw materials to build the
turbines and solar panels. If a wind
turbine is mounted on a concrete or
steel tower, additional tonnes of
water are required in the tower's
construction.
16.
17.
18. WHAT IS
HYDROELETRICITY?
Hydroelectricity is the
term
referring
to electricity generated
by hydropower;
the
production of electrical
power through the use
of the gravitational
force of falling or
flowing water. It is the
most widely used form
of renewable energy,
accounting
for
16
percent
of
global
electricity generation –
3,427 terawatt-hours of
electricity production
in
2010, and
is
expected to increase
about 3.1% each year
for the next 25 years.
WHERE IS IT PRODUCED?
A Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the AsiaPacific region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in
2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721
terawatt-hours of production in 2010.There are now three
hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges
Dam in China, Itapúa Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border,
and Guri Dam in Venezuela
BENEFITS AND EFFECTS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER…..
The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive
source of renewable electricity. The average cost of electricity from a
hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatthour. Hydro is also a flexible source of electricity since plants can be
ramped up and down very quickly to adapt to changing energy
demands. However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can
harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often
involves displacing people and wildlife
20. NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN
NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN
INTRODUCTION
Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA)
is a social movement consisting of
adivasis, farmers,
environmentalists, and human
rights activists against a number
of large dams being built across
the Narmada river. The river
flows through the states of
Gujarat, , and Madhya Pradesh in
India. Sardar Sarovar Dam in
Gujarat is one of the biggest dams
on the river and was one of the
first focal points of the movement.
21. CAUSES OF THE MOVEMENT
It is a multi crore project that will
generate a big revenue for the
government. The Narmada Valley
Development plan is the the most
promised and most challenging plan in
the history of India. The proponents
are of the view that it will produce
1450 MW of electricity and pure
drinking water to 40 million people
covering thousand of villages and
towns. Some of the dams have been
already been completed such as Tawa
and Bargi Dams. But the opponents
says that this hydro project will
devastate human lives and bio
diversity by destroying thousand of
acres of forests and agricultural land.
On the other hand it will overall
deprive thousands of people of their
livelihood. They believe that the water
and energy could be provided to the
people through alternative
technological means, that would be
ecologically beneficial.
22. The mode of campaign includes hunger
strikes and garnering support from film and
art personalities (notably Bollywood actor
Aamir Khan). Narmada Bachao Andolan, with
its leading spokespersons Medha Patkar and
Baba Amte, received the Right Livelihood
Award in 1991. Amongst the major
celebrities who have shown their support for
Narmada Bachao Andolan are Booker Prize
winner Arundhati Roy. Led by one of the
prominent leader Medha Patkar, it has now
been turned into the International protest,
gaining support from NGO'S all around the
globe. Protestors are agitating the issue
through the mass media, hunger strikes,
massive marches, rallies and the through the
on screen of several documentary films.
Although they have been protesting
peacefully, but they been harassed, arrested
and beaten up by the police several times.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan has been
pressurizing the world bank to withdraw its
loan from the project through media.
23. SUPREME COURT’S DECISION
The Supreme Court's decision is still
pending, seeking stoppage of construction
of the Sardar Sarovar dam. The court
initially ruled the decision in the Andolan's
favor, thereby effecting an immediate
stoppage of work at the dam and directing
the concerned states to first complete the
rehabilitation and replacement process.
The Court deliberated on this issue further
for several years but finally upheld the
Tribunal Award and allowed the
construction to proceed, subject to
conditions. The court introduced a
mechanism to monitor the progress of
resettlement pari passuwith the raising of
the height of the dam through the
Grievance Redressal Authorities (GRA) in
each of the party states. The court’s
decision has paved the way for completing
the project to attain full envisaged benefits
Led by one of the prominent leader
MedhaPatkar,ithasnowbeenturnedintoth
eInternationalprotest,gainingsupportfro
mNGO'Sallaroundtheglobe.
25. What is water recycling
What is water recycling
Water recycling is aageneric term for
Water recycling is generic term for
water reclamation and reuse, where the
water reclamation and reuse, where the
resulting water is referred to as recycled
resulting water is referred to as recycled
water. This term will be used
water. This term will be used
throughout this website, but you might
throughout this website, but you might
also find aanumber of other terms used
also find number of other terms used
in the water industry to describe
in the water industry to describe
recycled water or the process to make
recycled water or the process to make
it. These include:
it. These include:
•Water reclamation
•Water reclamation
•Water recycling
•Water recycling
•Water reuse
•Water reuse
•Wastewater
•Wastewater
•Sewage effluent
•Sewage effluent
•Reclaimed water
•Reclaimed water
•Grey water
•Grey water
26. Why recycle
water?
Increasing population means that the
demand for water is increasing. To
ensure that we have enough water to
meet our present and future needs, we
need to conserve water and expand
the use of recycled water
BENEFITS OF
RECYCLING WATER
Water recycling provides enormous
environmental benefits. It also provides an
additional source of water for various
purposes. This a list of some benefits that
water recycling can present:
Water recycling decreases the extraction of
water form sources that may be dwindling
and may stop being viable as habitats for
valuable and endangered wildlife.
Recycling wastewater can decrease the
discharge of effluents that may damage and
pollute the ecosystems of the sensitive
bodies of water.
Recycled water can be used to create new
wetlands or to enhance and improve the
quality of existing ones.
Water recycling can reduce and prevent
pollution by leaving damaging pollutants at
the treatment plant.
27. METHODS OF CONSERVATION OF
WATER
METHODS OF
RECYCLING WATER
Initiate the appropriate recycling methods
Conserve water in your everyday routine.
Sanitize grey water.
Reclaim rainwater.
Compare the water bill before and after.
CONSERVE WATER IN EVERYDAY LIFE
28. LIMITATIONS OF RECYCLING
W ithmounting water issues,
ith
W mounting water issues,
WATER
municipalities are under stress
municipalities are under stress
to provide water (potable and
to provide water (potable and
non-potable) to industrial,
non-potable) to industrial,
commercial, and residential
commercial, and residential
segments. Though wastewater
segments. Though wastewater
recycling and reuse is an
recycling and reuse is an
option to meet water
option to meet water
requirements, some factors are
requirements, some factors are
limiting its use, such as:
limiting its use, such as:
••Highprice sensitivity towards
High price sensitivity towards
advanced wastewater
advanced wastewater
treatment systems
treatment systems
••Negativeperception about
Negative perception about
wastewater recycling
wastewater recycling
••Lackof technological
Lack of technological
awareness and skilled
awareness and skilled
manpower
manpower
••Fragmentednature of the
Fragmented nature of the
market
market
••W enforcement of
W eak enforcement of
eak