This document provides shortcuts for various AutoCAD commands organized into categories such as blocks, common commands, dimensioning, drawing objects, and modifying objects. It includes over 100 shortcuts in a table format with the shortcut listed alongside the corresponding command and a brief comment. The document also provides some tips for using certain commands and shortcuts.
The document discusses the Command design pattern, which encapsulates requests as objects so that different requests can be parameterized, queued, logged, or made undoable. The pattern addresses the need to issue requests without knowing the operation or receiver. A command defines an interface for executing an operation, concrete commands bind a receiver to an action, and a client creates concrete commands while an invoker carries out the request.
This document provides keyboard shortcuts for various commands and functions in AutoCAD. It lists one-key shortcuts organized by function keys across the top of the keyboard. It also lists hot keys organized alphabetically from A to Z, with a brief description of each command. General features, drawing modes, screen management, workflow management, and drawing management shortcuts are also outlined.
Dokumen tersebut merupakan peraturan tentang penataan daerah pemilihan dan alokasi kursi anggota dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah kabupaten/kota dalam pemilihan umum. Dokumen tersebut mengatur tentang prinsip-prinsip penataan daerah pemilihan, data kependudukan, jumlah kursi, dan penentuan alokasi kursi per daerah pemilihan.
This document lists AutoCAD keyboard shortcuts organized by function. Shortcuts include commands for selecting objects, copying and pasting, toggling snap and grid modes, opening palettes and managers, and executing common commands like zoom, pan, and save. Many shortcuts open command options without a dialog box when preceded by a dash.
This document contains a group assignment for a course on professional practice. It provides background on the group members and instructor. It then lists 4 questions for the assignment. Question 1 asks students to prepare a report explaining adjustments needed for the final account of a construction project. Question 2 asks about contractual implications of omitting an item from the tender document. Question 3 requires students to assess a contractor's final account application and prepare the final account based on provided valuations and adjustments. Question 4 asks students to explain how various variations would be finalized and priced in a final account.
BIM awareness develops in stages from understanding BIM as an intelligent 3D CAD model, to a model with embedded data, to a process for managing building information, and ultimately knowledge management. The stages progress from seeing BIM as a model to a management process to knowledge sharing.
A survey on modeling guidelines for quantity takeoff-oriented BIM-based designAbdoul-Aziz Gansonre
Building Information Modeling (BIM) based quantity takeoff is one of the potentially most
important and profitable applications for BIM.
This presentation explores the subject by presenting a case study that surveys
BIM input/output dynamics for quantity takeoff, examining model behavior when constrained by existing specifications for quantity takeoff, and detailing modeling guidelines that allow the user to extract quantities according to current specifications.
Takeoff specifications should therefore be revised in order to account for BIM's features, and thus minimizing its limitations.
The document discusses the Command design pattern, which encapsulates requests as objects so that different requests can be parameterized, queued, logged, or made undoable. The pattern addresses the need to issue requests without knowing the operation or receiver. A command defines an interface for executing an operation, concrete commands bind a receiver to an action, and a client creates concrete commands while an invoker carries out the request.
This document provides keyboard shortcuts for various commands and functions in AutoCAD. It lists one-key shortcuts organized by function keys across the top of the keyboard. It also lists hot keys organized alphabetically from A to Z, with a brief description of each command. General features, drawing modes, screen management, workflow management, and drawing management shortcuts are also outlined.
Dokumen tersebut merupakan peraturan tentang penataan daerah pemilihan dan alokasi kursi anggota dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah kabupaten/kota dalam pemilihan umum. Dokumen tersebut mengatur tentang prinsip-prinsip penataan daerah pemilihan, data kependudukan, jumlah kursi, dan penentuan alokasi kursi per daerah pemilihan.
This document lists AutoCAD keyboard shortcuts organized by function. Shortcuts include commands for selecting objects, copying and pasting, toggling snap and grid modes, opening palettes and managers, and executing common commands like zoom, pan, and save. Many shortcuts open command options without a dialog box when preceded by a dash.
This document contains a group assignment for a course on professional practice. It provides background on the group members and instructor. It then lists 4 questions for the assignment. Question 1 asks students to prepare a report explaining adjustments needed for the final account of a construction project. Question 2 asks about contractual implications of omitting an item from the tender document. Question 3 requires students to assess a contractor's final account application and prepare the final account based on provided valuations and adjustments. Question 4 asks students to explain how various variations would be finalized and priced in a final account.
BIM awareness develops in stages from understanding BIM as an intelligent 3D CAD model, to a model with embedded data, to a process for managing building information, and ultimately knowledge management. The stages progress from seeing BIM as a model to a management process to knowledge sharing.
A survey on modeling guidelines for quantity takeoff-oriented BIM-based designAbdoul-Aziz Gansonre
Building Information Modeling (BIM) based quantity takeoff is one of the potentially most
important and profitable applications for BIM.
This presentation explores the subject by presenting a case study that surveys
BIM input/output dynamics for quantity takeoff, examining model behavior when constrained by existing specifications for quantity takeoff, and detailing modeling guidelines that allow the user to extract quantities according to current specifications.
Takeoff specifications should therefore be revised in order to account for BIM's features, and thus minimizing its limitations.
“Analysis and Planning of Residential Building by Using AutoCAD and Revit.”IRJET Journal
This document compares and contrasts the CAD software AutoCAD and the BIM software Revit. It summarizes the key differences between the two, including that AutoCAD is 2D-based for drafting while Revit is 3D model-based and allows for building information modeling across a project's lifecycle. The document then demonstrates how to model a residential building using both AutoCAD to generate 2D floor plans and Revit to create 3D models, elevations, sections and schedules. It finds that Revit provides more integrated and consistent information for coordination during design.
The document provides information about AutoCAD, including:
1. AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk for computer aided design (CAD). It allows for precise drawing and modeling with benefits like improved productivity and accuracy.
2. The interface of AutoCAD includes common elements like menus and ribbons as well as drafting specific tools. Drawing units and limits can be customized.
3. Basic objects in AutoCAD like lines, circles, and arcs can be created using commands in the ribbon. Selection tools allow objects on screen to be precisely selected.
The contractor submitted a final account for an apartment construction project within the required timeframe. The final account was assessed and a final contract value of RM 79,550,500 was determined. Key adjustments included:
1) Approval of RM 30,000 for additional insurance premium due to employer-caused delay.
2) Rejection of RM 120,000 loss and expense claim for inclement weather, as this was not a relevant event under the contract.
3) Inclusion of nominated subcontractors' final accounts totaling RM 7,650,000, along with 2% profit and attendance costs.
4) Granting of an extension of time but no additional payment for the inclement weather
The document discusses building morphology factors that should be considered during the design stage of construction projects to reduce costs. It identifies key morphology factors like shape, size, storey height, total height, and grouping buildings. It provides examples analyzing different design options for these factors and their impact on construction costs. Specifically, it evaluates options for an existing project and finds that designing buildings with similar shapes and grouping them could have reduced costs by improving land usage, construction efficiency, and reducing circulation spaces.
This document provides tender documents for the construction of a double-storey house show unit. It includes:
1) Details of the proposed construction project such as the location, scope of works and completion period.
2) An outline of the tender documents including conditions of contract, specifications, bills of quantities and drawings.
3) Instructions for tendering including the contractual arrangement, issue and collection of tender documents, tendering period, and requirements for the tender submission.
4) Conditions related to alterations to text, tender prices, deviations from specifications, and rectification of errors in the bills of quantities.
This document discusses Private Financial Initiative (PFI) in Malaysia. It begins with an introduction to PFI, which involves public-private partnerships for public facilities and services. Sections then cover the history and prospects of PFI in Malaysia, types of PFI models, the PFI process, advantages and disadvantages, and examples of PFI projects in Malaysia. The goal of PFI is to encourage private sector participation in development projects to reduce government expenditures. Common PFI projects in Malaysia include schools, community halls, and hospitals.
The document provides information about a group assignment report submitted by 7 students for their Software Application for Quantity Surveying course. The report compares the functions and limitations of 4 BIM QS computer software (Glodon, Buildsoft, Vico, CostX) and the benefits and constraints of BIM, CAD, and manual measurements across different project stages. Tables are included comparing the features of each software.
The document discusses Domain Driven Design (DDD) and the Hexagonal Architecture. It describes DDD concepts like bounded contexts, core domains, ubiquitous language, and aggregates. It also explains different types of context mapping. The Hexagonal Architecture separates an application into three main parts - the domain model, ports, and adapters. Ports define application interfaces while adapters act as bridges between the application and external interfaces or services.
There is a need to be able to effectively communicate with all parties prior to and during the mediation process. P.E.A.C.E. is a recognised communication model used to elicit information.
Specialist investigator Mick Symons examines the principles of the model and also looks at the concepts of “cognitive interviewing” and “conversation management".
Patrick D Cundiff has over 20 years of experience in automotive testing and engineering. He has held senior level positions at John Deere and Ford Motor Company where he was responsible for vehicle setup, durability testing, data acquisition, and calibration of transducers. He is proficient in various simulation software and testing procedures. Earlier in his career, he owned an automotive repair shop specializing in off-road racing vehicles.
This document discusses Rococo art and fashion from France known for its elegance. It mentions women's clothing brand Zara and experimental design practices to create new outfits. The goal appears to be designing clothing inspired by Rococo art's elegant style through experimentation.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de bases de datos, incluyendo bases de datos jerárquicas, en red, orientadas a objetos y multidimensionales. También discute brevemente la necesidad de bases de datos y las fallas de sistemas anteriores a las bases de datos, dando como ejemplo los censos. Finalmente, presenta un cuadro comparativo de características de varias bases de datos populares como Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft Access y otros.
Multilingual Data Value Chain for CEF Automated Translation:Interoperability...Dave Lewis
Presents a plan for solving interoperability challenge facing the Connecting Europe Facility for Automate Translation in terms of language resource publishing,discovery, selection, enrichment and quality assurance. This is base on input from the FALCON project (www.falcon-project.eu), LIDER project (www.lider-project.eu), FREME project (www.freme-project.eu) and the ADAPT Centre (www.adaptcentre.ie)
El documento habla brevemente sobre Romeo Santos y Prince Royce sin proporcionar detalles sobre ellos, sus carreras musicales o alguna canción en particular.
Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) merupakan pendekatan pembelajaran yang membantu menghubungkan materi pelajaran dengan kehidupan siswa sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna. Pendekatan ini menempatkan siswa sebagai pusat pembelajaran dan memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk belajar secara aktif melalui pengalaman langsung."
Blended e learning and the e-learning planning frameworkHazel Owen
This document provides an overview of an e-learning planning framework for blended e-learning in Māori medium schools. It discusses the aims of illustrating what blended e-learning looks like, demonstrating the e-learning planning framework, and exploring the strengths and opportunities of their work. It explains that the framework is a self-review, planning, and evaluation tool to build e-learning capability among students, teachers, leaders, and communities by providing flexible access to learning anywhere and anytime. The blended e-learning project involves a consortium of companies working with schools and MOE offices to develop e-learning capabilities with a focus on raising achievement for priority groups.
Chapter 5 dimensioning in auto cad 2010Shelly Wilke
The document discusses dimensioning in AutoCAD, covering topics such as dimension commands, dimension styles, dimension variables, associative dimensions, and annotative objects. Dimensioning allows users to add linear, radial, diameter and other types of dimensions to a drawing. Key aspects include setting dimension styles to control appearance, using dimension variables to modify settings, and creating associative dimensions that automatically update when a model changes.
“Analysis and Planning of Residential Building by Using AutoCAD and Revit.”IRJET Journal
This document compares and contrasts the CAD software AutoCAD and the BIM software Revit. It summarizes the key differences between the two, including that AutoCAD is 2D-based for drafting while Revit is 3D model-based and allows for building information modeling across a project's lifecycle. The document then demonstrates how to model a residential building using both AutoCAD to generate 2D floor plans and Revit to create 3D models, elevations, sections and schedules. It finds that Revit provides more integrated and consistent information for coordination during design.
The document provides information about AutoCAD, including:
1. AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk for computer aided design (CAD). It allows for precise drawing and modeling with benefits like improved productivity and accuracy.
2. The interface of AutoCAD includes common elements like menus and ribbons as well as drafting specific tools. Drawing units and limits can be customized.
3. Basic objects in AutoCAD like lines, circles, and arcs can be created using commands in the ribbon. Selection tools allow objects on screen to be precisely selected.
The contractor submitted a final account for an apartment construction project within the required timeframe. The final account was assessed and a final contract value of RM 79,550,500 was determined. Key adjustments included:
1) Approval of RM 30,000 for additional insurance premium due to employer-caused delay.
2) Rejection of RM 120,000 loss and expense claim for inclement weather, as this was not a relevant event under the contract.
3) Inclusion of nominated subcontractors' final accounts totaling RM 7,650,000, along with 2% profit and attendance costs.
4) Granting of an extension of time but no additional payment for the inclement weather
The document discusses building morphology factors that should be considered during the design stage of construction projects to reduce costs. It identifies key morphology factors like shape, size, storey height, total height, and grouping buildings. It provides examples analyzing different design options for these factors and their impact on construction costs. Specifically, it evaluates options for an existing project and finds that designing buildings with similar shapes and grouping them could have reduced costs by improving land usage, construction efficiency, and reducing circulation spaces.
This document provides tender documents for the construction of a double-storey house show unit. It includes:
1) Details of the proposed construction project such as the location, scope of works and completion period.
2) An outline of the tender documents including conditions of contract, specifications, bills of quantities and drawings.
3) Instructions for tendering including the contractual arrangement, issue and collection of tender documents, tendering period, and requirements for the tender submission.
4) Conditions related to alterations to text, tender prices, deviations from specifications, and rectification of errors in the bills of quantities.
This document discusses Private Financial Initiative (PFI) in Malaysia. It begins with an introduction to PFI, which involves public-private partnerships for public facilities and services. Sections then cover the history and prospects of PFI in Malaysia, types of PFI models, the PFI process, advantages and disadvantages, and examples of PFI projects in Malaysia. The goal of PFI is to encourage private sector participation in development projects to reduce government expenditures. Common PFI projects in Malaysia include schools, community halls, and hospitals.
The document provides information about a group assignment report submitted by 7 students for their Software Application for Quantity Surveying course. The report compares the functions and limitations of 4 BIM QS computer software (Glodon, Buildsoft, Vico, CostX) and the benefits and constraints of BIM, CAD, and manual measurements across different project stages. Tables are included comparing the features of each software.
The document discusses Domain Driven Design (DDD) and the Hexagonal Architecture. It describes DDD concepts like bounded contexts, core domains, ubiquitous language, and aggregates. It also explains different types of context mapping. The Hexagonal Architecture separates an application into three main parts - the domain model, ports, and adapters. Ports define application interfaces while adapters act as bridges between the application and external interfaces or services.
There is a need to be able to effectively communicate with all parties prior to and during the mediation process. P.E.A.C.E. is a recognised communication model used to elicit information.
Specialist investigator Mick Symons examines the principles of the model and also looks at the concepts of “cognitive interviewing” and “conversation management".
Patrick D Cundiff has over 20 years of experience in automotive testing and engineering. He has held senior level positions at John Deere and Ford Motor Company where he was responsible for vehicle setup, durability testing, data acquisition, and calibration of transducers. He is proficient in various simulation software and testing procedures. Earlier in his career, he owned an automotive repair shop specializing in off-road racing vehicles.
This document discusses Rococo art and fashion from France known for its elegance. It mentions women's clothing brand Zara and experimental design practices to create new outfits. The goal appears to be designing clothing inspired by Rococo art's elegant style through experimentation.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de bases de datos, incluyendo bases de datos jerárquicas, en red, orientadas a objetos y multidimensionales. También discute brevemente la necesidad de bases de datos y las fallas de sistemas anteriores a las bases de datos, dando como ejemplo los censos. Finalmente, presenta un cuadro comparativo de características de varias bases de datos populares como Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft Access y otros.
Multilingual Data Value Chain for CEF Automated Translation:Interoperability...Dave Lewis
Presents a plan for solving interoperability challenge facing the Connecting Europe Facility for Automate Translation in terms of language resource publishing,discovery, selection, enrichment and quality assurance. This is base on input from the FALCON project (www.falcon-project.eu), LIDER project (www.lider-project.eu), FREME project (www.freme-project.eu) and the ADAPT Centre (www.adaptcentre.ie)
El documento habla brevemente sobre Romeo Santos y Prince Royce sin proporcionar detalles sobre ellos, sus carreras musicales o alguna canción en particular.
Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) merupakan pendekatan pembelajaran yang membantu menghubungkan materi pelajaran dengan kehidupan siswa sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna. Pendekatan ini menempatkan siswa sebagai pusat pembelajaran dan memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk belajar secara aktif melalui pengalaman langsung."
Blended e learning and the e-learning planning frameworkHazel Owen
This document provides an overview of an e-learning planning framework for blended e-learning in Māori medium schools. It discusses the aims of illustrating what blended e-learning looks like, demonstrating the e-learning planning framework, and exploring the strengths and opportunities of their work. It explains that the framework is a self-review, planning, and evaluation tool to build e-learning capability among students, teachers, leaders, and communities by providing flexible access to learning anywhere and anytime. The blended e-learning project involves a consortium of companies working with schools and MOE offices to develop e-learning capabilities with a focus on raising achievement for priority groups.
Chapter 5 dimensioning in auto cad 2010Shelly Wilke
The document discusses dimensioning in AutoCAD, covering topics such as dimension commands, dimension styles, dimension variables, associative dimensions, and annotative objects. Dimensioning allows users to add linear, radial, diameter and other types of dimensions to a drawing. Key aspects include setting dimension styles to control appearance, using dimension variables to modify settings, and creating associative dimensions that automatically update when a model changes.
Este documento proporciona una lista de atajos de teclado y comandos básicos en AutoCAD. Explica brevemente comandos como LINEA, POLILÍNEA, ZOOM, MOVER y ROTAR, entre otros, así como sus atajos de teclado correspondientes y cómo acceder a ellos a través de los menús. El documento es una guía rápida de referencia para usuarios de AutoCAD.
This document discusses the 12 tenses in English: simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, simple future, future continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. Each tense is defined in terms of its usage and examples are provided to illustrate how to form affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences using each tense.
Chapter 15 isometric pictorials in auto cad 2010Shelly Wilke
This document discusses creating isometric pictorials in AutoCAD. Chapter 15 will cover using the isometric grid/snap and isocircles. The isometric snap option allows the grid to align with the isometric axes. Isocircles represent circular features as ellipses in an isometric pictorial.
Perbandingan Pendidikan di Indonesia, Finlandia dan JepangIzan M.Pd
[Ringkasan]
Makalah ini membandingkan sistem pendidikan di Indonesia, Jepang, dan Finlandia. Ketiganya memiliki jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah yang sama yaitu selama 9 tahun. Namun, Finlandia memiliki jenjang sarjana terpendek yaitu 3 tahun. Untuk tenaga pendidik, Finlandia memiliki kualifikasi guru tertinggi dengan ijazah master sebagai syarat minimal, sedangkan proses perekrutan guru paling ketat. Di bidang anggaran dan pembiayaan p
This document introduces design and development principles based on Don Norman's book "The Design of Everyday Things". It discusses key principles like visibility, feedback, affordance, mapping and consistency. It explains how these principles help address problems in user experience and interaction design. The document concludes by noting how design principles are validated through principles of usability like learnability, efficiency and satisfaction.
This document discusses stresses in beams. It covers bending stresses, shear stresses, deflection in beams, and torsion in solid and hollow shafts. The key assumptions in beam bending theory are outlined. Bending stresses are explained, including the location of the neutral axis and how stresses vary through the beam cross-section based on the bending moment and geometry. Section modulus is defined as the ratio of the moment of inertia to the distance of the outermost fiber from the neutral axis. Composite beams made of different materials are also discussed.
The document discusses different types of section views in technical drawings. It describes the basic components of a section view including the cutting plane line and section lining. Six main kinds of section views are covered: full section, offset section, half section, broken-out section, revolved section, and removed section. Guidelines are provided for the proper use of section lining and placement of different section views. Dimensioning of section views follows standard rules, with dimensions only using one arrowhead when in a half-section view.
Basic design & visual arts (Elements of design)Ar.Shakti Nanda
Lecture and presentation on Elements of Design for students of architecture, fine art and photography. semester - I (2015), Sri Sri University, Odisha. 7+1 Elements of design explained (Point, Line, Shapes, Space, Form, Texture, Value, Colour) in details with examples for better understanding. Content compiled from books and internet.
This document provides a summary of AutoCAD command shortcuts organized into categories such as blocks, common commands, coordinate entry, dimensioning, drawing objects, external references, formatting, functions keys, inquiry, layers, modifying objects, object selection, object snap, and text. It includes the keyboard shortcut for each command and a brief description. The shortcuts are intended to help users work more efficiently in AutoCAD by reducing the number of mouse clicks and menu browsing required.
This document provides shortcuts for various AutoCAD commands organized into categories like blocks, common commands, dimensioning, drawing objects, and formatting. It includes over 100 shortcuts in a concise list along with some tips for using blocks and external references in AutoCAD.
This document provides AutoCAD command shortcuts organized into categories such as Blocks, Common Commands, Drawing Objects, External References, Formatting, Function Keys, Inquiry, Layers, Modifying Objects, Object Selection, Object Snap, and Text. It includes the shortcut, corresponding command, and a brief comment describing what each command does. Tips are also provided throughout. The shortcuts can be used to quickly access commands in AutoCAD without having to navigate menus.
The document provides a list of shortcuts for various AutoCAD commands grouped into categories like Blocks, Common Commands, Control Keys, etc. It includes the shortcut, corresponding command, and a brief comment for many common AutoCAD commands. Tips are also provided at the end of some sections to provide additional guidance on using certain commands.
This AutoCAD command shortcuts guide provides concise shortcuts for many common AutoCAD commands and functions grouped into categories such as blocks, common commands, control keys, coordinate entry, and more. The guide lists the shortcut, corresponding command, and a brief comment for each item. Tips are also provided throughout to help users utilize various AutoCAD tools and functions more efficiently.
The document provides a list of shortcuts for various AutoCAD commands grouped into categories like Blocks, Common Commands, Control Keys, etc. It includes over 250 shortcuts with the corresponding AutoCAD command and a brief comment description for each. Tips are also provided at the end of some sections to provide additional guidance on using certain commands.
This document provides shortcuts for various AutoCAD commands organized into categories like blocks, common commands, control keys, and more. It includes 3 or fewer letter shortcuts for commands to quickly access tools for inserting blocks, dimensions, modifying objects, and other drafting tasks. Tips are also provided at the end for using blocks and other functions.
This document provides descriptions and options for many AutoCAD commands. It lists the command name, a brief description, and common options for each command. Some of the key commands described include LINE, CIRCLE, ARRAY, COPY, DIMENSIONING commands like DIM, and perspective viewing commands like DVIEW. The document serves as a reference for learning the functionality and proper use of different AutoCAD commands.
This document provides descriptions and options for many AutoCAD commands. It lists commands like ARC, CIRCLE, COPY, DIMENSION, and LAYER that allow drawing geometric shapes and editing objects. For each command, it explains what the command does and lists any relevant options. The document is intended to serve as a reference for all of the main drawing, editing, and formatting commands in AutoCAD.
The document provides information about AutoCAD, including:
1. A list of 71 common AutoCAD commands and their shortcuts. Commands allow users to draw geometry like lines, circles, rectangles, as well as modify objects, dimension, work with layers and layouts.
2. A brief history of AutoCAD's development from 1982 to the present.
3. An overview of the applications of AutoCAD in fields like engineering, carpentry, painting and drafting.
4. Descriptions of some key commands like line, circle, array, move, scale, dimension, layer and block.
This document provides an outline for a report on AutoCAD. It discusses the history of AutoCAD, how to use basic commands like zooming and drawing lines. It also covers how to draw different 2D and 3D shapes, perform editing functions, and use tools like hatching. The advantages of AutoCAD include its compatibility with other CAD programs and reduced training time. Disadvantages include limited file formats and lack of parametric modeling capabilities.
One Key Shortcuts provides concise summaries of keyboard shortcuts in AutoCAD in 3 sentences or less:
F1-F12 keys provide one-key access to common commands like ZOOM, WBLOCK, STRETCH, and EXPLODE. CTRL+ keyboard combinations toggle features like coordinate display, grid, isometric planes, and object snaps. Hot keys A-Z summarize one-key shortcuts for commands from ARC and ARRAY to HATCH and HIDE.
The document provides instructions for a practical evaluation in AutoCAD. It details how to:
1) Create layers, blocks, and insert blocks to represent electronic components.
2) Use printing commands to set the printing area, scale, and orientation to generate drawings.
3) Students will be evaluated on their accuracy and speed in completing these AutoCAD tasks.
This document provides keyboard shortcuts for One Key Shortcuts in 3 sentences or less:
Keyboard shortcuts are provided from F1 to F12 for toggling common drawing modes and features. Additional shortcuts from A to Z activate common commands like LINE, CIRCLE, FILLET, and BLOCK. A printable keyboard stickers guide is referenced for assistance with remembering the shortcuts.
Ctrl+d toggles the coordinate display. Shortcuts beginning with F keys control drawing modes like object snap, ortho, and grid mode. Ctrl+c, Ctrl+x, Ctrl+v allow copying, cutting and pasting objects. Hot keys A-Z provide one-key access to common commands like LINE, CIRCLE, FILLET. The document provides a comprehensive list of keyboard shortcuts for navigating drawings and managing the AutoCAD interface.
This document provides keyboard shortcuts for Autodesk AutoCAD. It lists one key shortcuts organized by function from A-Z. Some examples include:
Q saves the current drawing. Z zooms in and out. W creates a new block from selected objects. F fillets edges of objects. P pans the drawing. Ctrl+z undoes the last action and Ctrl+s saves the drawing.
It also lists toggles for common drawing modes like grids, object snaps and layout views. Hotkeys allow quick access to common commands in AutoCAD.
Ctrl+d toggles the coordinate display. Ctrl+g toggles the grid. F1 displays help. F2 toggles the text screen. F3 toggles object snap mode. Shortcuts beginning with Ctrl allow managing the screen, drawings, and workflow while shortcuts beginning with F allow toggling drawing modes. Letter shortcuts like L create line segments and P pan the view.
This document provides keyboard shortcuts for various commands and functions in AutoCAD. It is organized into sections for one key shortcuts, toggles and screen management, and hot keys A-Z. Some example shortcuts include F1 to display help, Ctrl+Z to undo, Q to save a drawing, and V to open the View menu to save or restore views. The hot keys section lists shortcuts to commands like LINE, CIRCLE, FILLET, and ARRAY, along with brief descriptions.
This document provides keyboard shortcuts for One Key Shortcuts in 3 sentences or less:
Keyboard shortcuts are provided from F1 to F12 for toggling common drawing modes and features. Additional shortcuts from A to Z activate common commands like LINE, CIRCLE, FILLET, and BLOCK. A printable keyboard stickers guide is referenced for users to add shortcut labels to their keyboard.
Similar to Autocad commands for civil and mechanical Download (20)
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.