This document provides an overview of authentication mechanisms on Windows, including Kerberos, Active Directory, digital certificates, biometrics, and .NET identity objects. It also discusses upcoming technologies like CardSpace and OpenID that aim to improve single sign-on authentication across multiple systems and online applications. The document concludes that with the evolution of open standards, the goal of a trustworthy single sign-on experience across the web is becoming closer to reality.
The encryption mechanism is a digital coding system dedicated to preserving the confidentiality and integrity of data. It is used for encoding plain text data into a protected and unreadable format.
Defines a framework for authentication service using the X.500 directory.It is the Repository of public-key certificates,Based on use of public-key cryptography and digital signatures.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
The encryption mechanism is a digital coding system dedicated to preserving the confidentiality and integrity of data. It is used for encoding plain text data into a protected and unreadable format.
Defines a framework for authentication service using the X.500 directory.It is the Repository of public-key certificates,Based on use of public-key cryptography and digital signatures.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
A presentation which on Wireless Network Security. It contains Introduction to wireless networking, security threats and risks, best practices on using wireless networks.
A brief discussion of network security and an introduction to cryptography. We end the presentation with a discussion of the RSA algorithm, and show how it works with a basic example.
Pgp-Pretty Good Privacy is the open source freely available tool to encrypt your emails then you can very securely send mails to others over internet without fear of eavesdropping by cryptanalyst.
This presentation will give you short and not very technical overview about claims-based authentication.
The claims-based authentication will be the way to almost all Microsoft web-based platforms around. It is more complex than old username-password method but also more secure and general.
A presentation which on Wireless Network Security. It contains Introduction to wireless networking, security threats and risks, best practices on using wireless networks.
A brief discussion of network security and an introduction to cryptography. We end the presentation with a discussion of the RSA algorithm, and show how it works with a basic example.
Pgp-Pretty Good Privacy is the open source freely available tool to encrypt your emails then you can very securely send mails to others over internet without fear of eavesdropping by cryptanalyst.
This presentation will give you short and not very technical overview about claims-based authentication.
The claims-based authentication will be the way to almost all Microsoft web-based platforms around. It is more complex than old username-password method but also more secure and general.
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.1) Expla.pdfJUSTSTYLISH3B2MOHALI
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.
1) Explain what the following are: root certificates, self-signed certificates. Describe how they
are used. Provide some examples of each explaining how they are used. You should be able to
find examples of each on your system by looking through various options available on your
browser.
2) Provide a listing of the fields associated with a certificate of your choosing. Use the X509
definition to match the general fields of a certificate with the certificate you choose to look at.
Describe each field.
3) Your manager is considering implementing a PKI infrastructure. They are considering using
RSA encryption technology for the central part of their infrastructure. You manager would like
to know some products or services that utilize RSA encryption technology. Provide three
examples and explain how they make use of the RSA encryption technology. Provide a few
original sentences describing each of your examples.
4) Compare the functionality offered by the RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms.
Solution
A Root SSL certificate could be a certificate issued by a trusty certificate authority (CA).In the
SSL system, anyone will generate a language key and sign a replacement certificate therewith
signature. However, that certificate isn\'t thought-about valid unless it\'s been directly or
indirectly signed by a trusty CA.A trusty certificate authority is Associate in Nursing entity that
has been entitled to verify that somebody is effectively World Health Organization it declares to
be. so as for this model to figure, all the participants on the sport should agree on a group of CA
that they trust. All operational systems and most of net browsers ship with a group of trusty
CAs.The SSL system is predicated on a model of trust relationship, conjointly known as “chain
of trust”. once a tool validates a certificate, it compares the certificate establishment with the list
of trusty CAs. If a match isn\'t found, the shopper can then check to check if the certificate of the
supplying CA was issued by a trusty CA, so on till the tip of the certificate chain. the highest of
the chain, the basis certificate, should be issued by a trusty Certificate Authority.
Self-signed certificates or certificates issued by a non-public CAs aren\'t appropriate to be used
with the overall public.A certificate serves two essential purpose distribute the public key and
verifying the individuality of the server so guests know they aren’t sending their information to
the wrong person. It can only properly verify the identity of the server when it is signed by a
trusted third party because any attacker can create a self-signed certificate and launch a man-in-
the-middle attack. If a user just accept a self-signed certificate, an attacker could drop on all the
traffic or try to set up an imitation server to phish additional information out of the user. Because
of this, you will approximately on no account want to use a self signe.
SharePoint 2010 Extranets and Authentication: How will SharePoint 2010 connec...Brian Culver
How will SharePoint 2010 allow organizations to collaborate and share knowledge with clients and partners? SharePoint empowers organization to build extranet sites and partner portals inexpensively and securely. Learn what exactly is claims based authentication and how can to use it. Learn about the new multi-authentication mode in SharePoint 2010. Learn how SharePoint 2010 can help your organization open its doors to its clients and partners securely.
Authentication and Authorization ModelsCSCJournals
In computer science distributed systems could be more secured with a distributed trust model based on either PKI or Kerberos. However, it becomes difficult to establish trust relationship across heterogeneous domains due to different actual trust mechanism and security policy as well as the intrinsic flaw of each trust model. Since Internet has been used commonly in information systems technologies, many applications need some security capabilities to protect against threats to the communication of information. Two critical procedures of these capabilities are authentication and authorization. This report presents a strong authentication and authorization model using three standard frameworks. They are PKI, PMI, and Directory. The trust in this approach is enabled by the use of public key infrastructure (PKI) which is applied for client two-factor authentication and secures the infrastructure. We introduce the preventive activity-based authorization policy for dynamic user privilege controls. It helps prevent successive unauthorized requests in a formal manner. At the core, we apply the Multi-Agent System (MAS) concept to facilitate the authentication and the authorization process in order to work with multi-applications and multi-clients more dynamically and efficiently.
Outline :
Introduction of SSO
Need of SSO
Simple SSO process
Types of SSO
Architecture of web SSO system
Kerberos-Based Authentication
How it works?
Conclusion
References
Slide deck from Azure Saturday Munich 2019. Describing basics of online identity management and federation. But also capabilities of Azure AD B2C - from open standards protocols support (like OAuth and OpenID Connect) to building complex identity flows with Identity Experience Framework
WSO2 SMART TALK 2023 #2 Novità di WSO2 Identity Server
Nel secondo appuntamento di WSO2 smart talk 2023 Matteo ci racconta tutte le novità di WSO2 Identity Server 6.2. Per ulteriori informazioni scrivete a sales@profesia.it
This presentation talks about various access management topics in IAM domain like authentication, authorization, MFA, Password less authentication, certificate based authentication SSO protocols like SAML, OIDC.
Microsoft Graph API Webinar Application PermissionsStefan Weber
Slidedeck presented during a webinar i held on 15th November 2023 about how to consume Microsoft Graph API using application level permissions.
Webinar Recording https://youtu.be/yVK8WQz5qnU
Authentication through Claims-Based Authenticationijtsrd
Thinking as far as claims and issuers is an effective reflection that backs better approaches for securing your application. Claims have an understanding with the issuer and allow the claims of the user to be accepted only if the claims are issued by a trusted issuer. Authentication and authorization is explicit in CBAC as compared to other approaches. [1]. Pawan Patil | Ankit Ayyar | Vaishali Gatty"Authentication through Claims-Based Authentication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15644.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/software-engineering/15644/authentication-through-claims-based-authentication/pawan-patil
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Authentication Models
1. An Overview of Authentication Mechanisms on
Windows
This article gives overview of various authentication mechanisms for applications on Windows. It
also touches upon upcoming technologies like CardSapce and OpenID. It concludes with relating
the development of new authentication mechanisms to be evolving with a basic need for SSO.
Background
With emergence of Web 2.0, identity management is becoming a core focus. Security in online
transactions is gaining attention from all technology vendors including Microsoft. Microsoft's
recent release of .NET framework 3.0 includes Windows CardSpace which provides a solid
foundation for identity management of future. Also, with recent announcement from Microsoft to
tie-up with OpenID, takes the CardSpace initiative to the next level. Current article gives
overview of various authentication mechanisms on Microsoft Windows platform.
Introduction
A digital identity is a set of characteristics associated with an individual or a device which allows
us to address it distinctly from rest of the world.
Before granting access to a valuable resource, a digital identity is checked to confirm the source
of the request. This mechanism is termed as authentication.
Various popular authentication mechanisms are –
1. User name and password
2. Digital certificates
3. Biometrics – Fingerprints, Iris/retina scan
4. Dynamic biometrics – signature, voice recognition
Authentication in Windows OS
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 has adopted Kerberos 5 as the default protocol for network
authentication. Active Directory is merely the directory that holds all the information. Kerberos
protocol implementation is used to protect it and make it function.
Microsoft Windows Server 2000 and beyond use following as default authentication mechanism -
Default authentication package
Kerberos
Credential store
Active Directory
SAM (Security Authentication Module)
Authentication protocols
Clear Text
NTLM (NT LAN Manager)
Standard Kerberos
Kerberos PKINIT (Public Key cryptography for INITial Authentication)
All the authentication protocols are exposed via SSPI (Security Support Provider Interface).
1
2. Windows authentication process using Kerberos KDC (Key Distribution Center) is shown below.
Authentication in .NET Applications
The .NET Framework has a model for managing user or automated agent based on the notion of
a Identity. The identity object encapsulates information about the user or entity being validated.
Basic identity objects contain a name and an authentication type. The name can either be a
user's name or the name of a Windows account, while the authentication type can be either a
supported logon protocol, such as Kerberos V5, or a custom value.
namespace System.Security.Principal
{
public interface IIdentity
{
bool IsAuthenticated { get; }
string AuthenticationType { get; }
string Name { get; }
}
}
IIdentity interface shown above abstracts the authentication part of security context.
The .NET Framework defines a GenericIdentity object that can be used for most custom logon
scenarios and a more specialized WindowsIdentity object that can be used when application
relies on Windows authentication. Additionally, own identity class can be defined that
encapsulates custom user information.
Web Application Authentication
ASP.NET implements authentication via authentication providers. Providers are basically Classes
that contain Public Static Methods to help in authenticating requests from Clients.
An ASP.NET Application can be configured to use one of the following Authentication Providers -
1. Windows Authentication
2
3. The WindowsAuthenticationModule provider relies on IIS to provide authenticated users.
The provider module constructs a Windows Identity object. The default implementation
constructs a WindowsPrincipal object and attaches it to the application context. One of
the major advantages of Windows Authentication is to allow implementation of an
impersonation scheme.
2. Forms Authentication
Forms authentication is recommended if the application needs to collect its own user
credentials at logon time through HTML forms. All the unauthorized requests are
redirected to the logon page using HTTP client-side redirection. Forms authentication
provider may implement custom logic for validating username and password against
identity store. If the application authenticates the request, the system issues a ticket
that contains a key for reestablishing the identity for subsequent requests.
3. Passport Authentication
Passport authentication is Microsoft's centralized authentication service that offers a
single logon and core profile services for member sites. Passport uses the Triple DES
encryption scheme. When member sites register with Passport, they are granted a site-
specific key. The Passport logon server uses this to encrypt and decrypt the query
3
4. strings passed between sites. Authentication ticket is preserved by client in a cookie and
is used for all future requests to the application till the cookie expires.
Web Services Authentication
Authentication of Web Services can be classified into two models as follows –
1. Direct Authentication
In direct authentication model, the client and the service establish a direct trust. Client
application send the credentials directly to the service along with the service request.
Service maintains the catalog of the authorized clients and authentication mechanism is
built into the service components. This model can be considered similar to the Forms
authentication for web applications as both mechanisms do not require any intermediary
to build the trust.
2. Brokered Authentication
Brokered authentication has an intermediary called as 'broker' to perform authentication
when client and service do not share trust relationship. Credentials are used to
authenticate with the broker, which issues a security token. The security token is then
used to authenticate with services.
4
5. WSE (Web Services Enhancement) provides 3 main security tokens which support brokered
authentication.
I. X.509
This requires support for a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure). In cases where a limited number
of certificates are needed, an external CA (Certificate Authority) can be used. Most X.509
implementations, such as SSL, exchange a symmetric session key that is used for
encryption.
II. KerberosToken
This requires an identity provider that supports the Kerberos protocol, such as Active
Directory. Service tickets are session-based tokens that can be used for confidentiality and
integrity.
III. STS (Security Token Service)
This requires an STS implementation that issues and manages security tokens. Custom
security
tokens can be used for session based operations.
CardSpace Authentication
Windows CardSpace is a technology designed to help eliminate the need for usernames and
passwords. Instead it will provide Windows users with digital identities in the form of Cards that
users can access in a secure and familiar manner.
5
6. CardSpace provides an identity selector and a self-issued identity provider, both of which run on
a client machine. CardSpace is a new way of doing strong authentication across trust
boundaries. Internet Explorer 7 uses Windows CardSpace, if installed.
Windows CardSpace uses following interoperable protocols - WS-Security, WS-SecurityPolicy,
WS-Trust and WS-MetadataExchange.
Identity Provider provides the card (.crd file) which contains the metadata information. This card
is used to obtain the security token from the Identity provider for sending the claim to the
relying party.
OpenID Authentication
OpenID uses XRI (eXtensible Resource Identifier) to verify the digital identity. CardSpace can
play a role to supplement the OpenID authentication process by establishing a relationship
between client and OP using WS-Trust and WS-MetadataExchange. This may help eliminate
steps 4 and 5 from the overall authentication process. Also, Card can additionally carry the XRI
along with OP token.
6
7. Conclusion
SSO (Single sign-on) is a form of software authentication that enables a user to authenticate
once with one software system and in turn gain access to multiple software systems. Windows
OS authentication being a primary authentication, it is ideal to base the SSO on the same to
gain access to all the applications accessed in that Windows session without a need for
(re-)entering the credentials. Internet has opened the doors for a very large number of
applications accessible to the users typically in B2C scenario with each application requiring user
to undergo it's own registration and authentication process. Along with the SSO, a demand for
secure and reliable as well as generic mechanism to establish a trust persists. With the evolution
of technology and the open standards being widely accepted, the vision of 'Trustworthy SSO'
across the web will not be too far from getting into reality.
7