Dr. Chris Halpin discusses findings in audiology with respect to Norrie Disease. He concludes with a discussion of hearing aids for people with Norrie Disease. (NDA International Conference, 2009)
This document discusses pure tone audiometry, which is a test used to evaluate hearing levels. It describes the equipment used including audiometers and bone conduction vibrators. It outlines the roles of the patient, which involves responding to tones, and the clinician, which involves administering the test and interpreting results. Test procedures like air and bone conduction audiometry are explained. Audiogram interpretations for different types of hearing loss and degree of loss are also provided. Masking, which limits unwanted sound interference, is briefly mentioned.
This document provides an overview of basic hearing evaluation procedures including audiometry and speech testing. It discusses puretone audiometry including air and bone conduction testing. Normal hearing thresholds and different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensorineural and mixed are defined. Common pathologies of the outer, middle and inner ear that can cause different types of hearing loss are described. The document also reviews different audiometric configurations and treatments for various hearing losses.
Can you hear me? Hearing protection requirements for dealersKPADealerWebinars
Amanda Rawls presented on hearing conservation. Key points include:
1. Prolonged exposure to noise over 85 dB can cause permanent hearing loss. Tools and equipment are a main source of noise in workplaces like auto dealerships and body shops.
2. OSHA requires employers to monitor noise levels, provide engineering and administrative controls to reduce noise when feasible, provide hearing protection when needed, and implement a hearing conservation program for exposed employees.
3. A hearing conservation program includes baseline and annual audiometric testing, training, recordkeeping, and following up on employees who show signs of hearing loss. The goal is to monitor workers' hearing over time and prevent further deterioration.
This document provides information on pure tone audiometry testing procedures including: the roles of both the patient and clinician in testing; how to conduct air and bone conduction tests; how to interpret audiograms including different types and configurations of hearing loss; definitions of terms like frequency, intensity, and masking; and descriptions of common equipment used like audiometers and inserts.
This document provides an overview of acoustics and basic audiometry concepts. It defines key terms like frequency, intensity, pitch and loudness. It explains that frequency is a physical property of sound measured in Hertz, while pitch is the human perception of how high or low a sound is. Intensity is the physical measurement of sound pressure in decibels, while loudness is the human perception of sound intensity. The document also reviews concepts like pure tones, complex sounds, fundamental frequency, harmonics, and resonant frequency. It describes how to perform a basic audiologic assessment, including taking a case history, performing puretone audiometry to test air and bone conduction thresholds, and assessing speech recognition.
This document provides information on noise and vibration risk assessments in the workplace and solutions for risk reduction. It discusses measurement of noise levels, calculation of employee noise exposure, regulatory action levels and employer responsibilities. It also covers hand-arm vibration syndrome, measurement of vibration exposure, European thresholds for action/limit levels, and employer duties to control risks from vibration. Solutions discussed include engineered noise reduction, purchasing quiet equipment, exposure time reduction, and use of personal protective equipment.
The OSHA standard for noise requires at-workers to receive training on how noise affects them along with the controls to protect them from exposure and monitor their hearing. If this the type of training that you require to meet your regulatory obligations, contact us at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have over 60 occupational health and safety course offering to help your workforce, public, and the environment
This document discusses pure tone audiometry, which is a test used to evaluate hearing levels. It describes the equipment used including audiometers and bone conduction vibrators. It outlines the roles of the patient, which involves responding to tones, and the clinician, which involves administering the test and interpreting results. Test procedures like air and bone conduction audiometry are explained. Audiogram interpretations for different types of hearing loss and degree of loss are also provided. Masking, which limits unwanted sound interference, is briefly mentioned.
This document provides an overview of basic hearing evaluation procedures including audiometry and speech testing. It discusses puretone audiometry including air and bone conduction testing. Normal hearing thresholds and different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensorineural and mixed are defined. Common pathologies of the outer, middle and inner ear that can cause different types of hearing loss are described. The document also reviews different audiometric configurations and treatments for various hearing losses.
Can you hear me? Hearing protection requirements for dealersKPADealerWebinars
Amanda Rawls presented on hearing conservation. Key points include:
1. Prolonged exposure to noise over 85 dB can cause permanent hearing loss. Tools and equipment are a main source of noise in workplaces like auto dealerships and body shops.
2. OSHA requires employers to monitor noise levels, provide engineering and administrative controls to reduce noise when feasible, provide hearing protection when needed, and implement a hearing conservation program for exposed employees.
3. A hearing conservation program includes baseline and annual audiometric testing, training, recordkeeping, and following up on employees who show signs of hearing loss. The goal is to monitor workers' hearing over time and prevent further deterioration.
This document provides information on pure tone audiometry testing procedures including: the roles of both the patient and clinician in testing; how to conduct air and bone conduction tests; how to interpret audiograms including different types and configurations of hearing loss; definitions of terms like frequency, intensity, and masking; and descriptions of common equipment used like audiometers and inserts.
This document provides an overview of acoustics and basic audiometry concepts. It defines key terms like frequency, intensity, pitch and loudness. It explains that frequency is a physical property of sound measured in Hertz, while pitch is the human perception of how high or low a sound is. Intensity is the physical measurement of sound pressure in decibels, while loudness is the human perception of sound intensity. The document also reviews concepts like pure tones, complex sounds, fundamental frequency, harmonics, and resonant frequency. It describes how to perform a basic audiologic assessment, including taking a case history, performing puretone audiometry to test air and bone conduction thresholds, and assessing speech recognition.
This document provides information on noise and vibration risk assessments in the workplace and solutions for risk reduction. It discusses measurement of noise levels, calculation of employee noise exposure, regulatory action levels and employer responsibilities. It also covers hand-arm vibration syndrome, measurement of vibration exposure, European thresholds for action/limit levels, and employer duties to control risks from vibration. Solutions discussed include engineered noise reduction, purchasing quiet equipment, exposure time reduction, and use of personal protective equipment.
The OSHA standard for noise requires at-workers to receive training on how noise affects them along with the controls to protect them from exposure and monitor their hearing. If this the type of training that you require to meet your regulatory obligations, contact us at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have over 60 occupational health and safety course offering to help your workforce, public, and the environment
This document discusses concepts related to loudness perception and discomfort for individuals with hearing loss. It defines key terms like dynamic range, loudness recruitment, most comfortable level, uncomfortable level, and loudness discomfort level. LDL testing involves using tones or noise to determine the level at which sounds become uncomfortably loud. LDLs measured in dB HL must be converted to dB SPL for real-ear comparison to hearing aid output, using RETSPL and RECD values. Comparing measured LDLs to real-ear saturation response can help ensure hearing aid output does not exceed discomfort levels.
Workers can be exposed to a wide array of noise exposures doing different tasks. They also may be exposed to noise while at sporting venues or participating in variuos recreational activities. Evaluating noise exposure correctly is just as important as selecting the right controls. This presentation examines the physics of noise, how to measure it, who to include in a hearing conservation program, and what controls can be used to reduce the risk.
This document provides information about noise and hearing conservation. It notes that OSHA requires a hearing conservation program for employees exposed to noise levels over 85 decibels averaged over 8 hours. Excessive noise can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss as well as other health issues. The document outlines how to properly use hearing protection devices like earplugs and earmuffs to reduce noise exposure and protect hearing. Regular audiometric testing can detect early signs of noise-induced hearing loss.
Noise-induced hearing loss is the number one occupational disability and is generally painless and progressive over time. It is caused by exposure to hazardous noise levels through either acute acoustic trauma or daily exposure to moderately loud sounds. While initially affecting high frequencies, continued exposure can damage mid-frequencies resulting in the inability to understand speech. Using hearing protection devices can prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Common types of hearing protection include earplugs and earmuffs, which should be properly fitted and maintained to be effective. Administrative controls and doubling up protection may also be needed for very high noise exposures. Annual hearing tests are important to monitor any effects of noise exposure.
This document discusses occupational noise hazards. It begins by stating objectives and introducing the topic of occupational noise exposure. Key facts are provided about noise-related hearing loss, including that 10 million Americans and 22 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise annually. Common noise sources at work are identified. The effects of noise on health are outlined. Methods for reducing noise exposure through engineering controls, administrative controls, and hearing protection devices are described. Responsibilities of workers in a hearing conservation program are listed.
The document summarizes how hearing tests are conducted. It discusses the anatomy of the ear and how sound is transmitted through the ear. It also outlines the procedures for conducting a hearing test, including preparing the patient, placing the earphones correctly, and conducting tests by air and bone conduction. The results are displayed on an audiogram which charts hearing levels at different frequencies and classifies degrees of hearing loss.
This document provides information about corporate hearing protection programs. It discusses how hearing loss can occur suddenly or gradually over time from noise exposure. Employers are required to measure noise levels and implement hearing protection programs if noise exceeds certain levels. The document reviews the effects of noise on hearing, types of hearing protection, proper use, and the purpose of audiometric testing in monitoring employees' hearing. It provides examples of noise levels from various sources and equipment.
The document summarizes key aspects of noise and hearing conservation including:
1) It defines sound and noise, and how they are measured in decibels and hertz. Excessive noise above 85 dB over 8 hours can cause hearing loss.
2) Engineering, administrative and personal protective controls are required if noise levels exceed permissible limits to reduce worker exposures.
3) A hearing conservation program including audiometric testing, training, and record keeping is required if workers are exposed to noise above 85 dB.
4) Hearing protection devices like earplugs and earmuffs must be properly selected, fitted, used and cared for to effectively protect hearing. Both employees and management have responsibilities in maintaining an effective hearing
This document provides guidance on performing speech audiometry tests, including speech reception threshold (SRT), word recognition score (WRS), and speech-in-noise tests. It discusses procedures for determining SRT and WRS, considerations for non-native English speakers and those with hearing loss, and the clinical significance of test results including how they can indicate site of lesion. Masking procedures are also outlined to limit interference between ears during testing.
Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major compensable industrial disease in Australia, which has severe impact – sufferers have trouble communicating, can become socially isolated and experience a substantial reduction in their quality of life. As well as the negative affects directly associated with the individual affected, NIHL also has substantial economic costs. Exposure to excessive noise causes increased employee turnover and absenteeism as well as lowered performance.
Although NIHL is irreversible, it can prevented. In this slide deck, Kerri-Ann Jessep, Client Support Consultant and Occupational Hygienist at Medgate, teaches you how you can better protect your employees from noise induced hearing loss.
Hearing tests like Rinne's test, Weber's test, and audiometry are used to evaluate hearing function and determine the cause of any impairment. Rinne's test compares bone conduction to air conduction, while Weber's test identifies whether a sound is louder on one side. Audiometry precisely measures hearing levels at different frequencies and can distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss based on bone conduction results.
The document discusses noise exposure at work and hearing conservation programs. It covers the effects of noise on hearing, types of hearing protection, audiometric testing, noise measurement records, and an employer's responsibilities regarding noise exposure and hearing protection. Examples of noisy equipment and their decibel levels are provided, as well as allowable daily noise exposure times without hearing protection.
Noise can be harmful to health if exposure levels are too high or go on for too long. Prolonged exposure to noise over 85dB can damage hearing, while sudden exposure to sounds over 160dB can cause permanent deafness. Noise has auditory effects like auditory fatigue and hearing loss, as well as non-auditory effects like annoyance, reduced efficiency, and physiological changes. Noise exposure can be controlled through careful city planning, vehicle regulations, insulating buildings, protecting workers, legislation, and education.
1) The document discusses hearing protection in the workplace and outlines OSHA regulations regarding noise levels and hearing conservation programs.
2) It states that exposure to noise levels over 85 decibels over an 8-hour period can risk hearing loss and requires a hearing conservation program.
3) The hearing conservation program includes measuring noise levels, requiring hearing tests for employees, and the use of hearing protection devices like earmuffs or earplugs to reduce noise exposure to safer levels.
Pure tone audiometry involves testing a subject's hearing sensitivity using pure tone sounds of fixed frequencies. It aims to determine if hearing loss is present, its type and degree. A pure tone audiometer generates pure tones and delivers them via headphones or bone conduction vibrator. Threshold testing finds the lowest sound level at which a subject responds correctly to 50% of tones. Interpretation of the audiogram provides qualitative information about the hearing loss.
Noise-induced hearing loss is the number one occupational disability and is generally caused by exposure to loud noises over time. It is permanent but preventable. Using hearing protection devices like earplugs and earmuffs can prevent noise exposure above safe levels from damaging hearing. Proper use and care of hearing protection, limiting exposure time to loud noises, and following safety guidelines are important to preserve long-term hearing ability.
This document summarizes key aspects of the auditory system and hearing assessment. It describes the organ of Corti and its components that transfer sound energy into electrical signals. Clinical tests for hearing assessment include tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry to measure air and bone conduction thresholds, and speech audiometry. Special tests include impedance audiometry, short increment sensitivity index test, and evoked response audiometry like electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response. The document provides details on the procedures and clinical significance of these various hearing assessment methods.
This document defines different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It describes the magnitude, type, and configuration of hearing loss. Normal hearing is defined as thresholds ≤15 dB. Degree of loss is categorized as slight, mild, moderate, etc. based on puretone average. Conductive loss shows normal bone conduction but abnormal air conduction with an air-bone gap. Sensorineural loss has equal abnormal air and bone conduction thresholds. Mixed loss has characteristics of both. Configuration can be flat, rising, sloping, or precipitous. Certain conditions require medical referral.
This document discusses concepts related to loudness perception and discomfort for individuals with hearing loss. It defines key terms like dynamic range, loudness recruitment, most comfortable level, uncomfortable level, and loudness discomfort level. LDL testing involves using tones or noise to determine the level at which sounds become uncomfortably loud. LDLs measured in dB HL must be converted to dB SPL for real-ear comparison to hearing aid output, using RETSPL and RECD values. Comparing measured LDLs to real-ear saturation response can help ensure hearing aid output does not exceed discomfort levels.
Workers can be exposed to a wide array of noise exposures doing different tasks. They also may be exposed to noise while at sporting venues or participating in variuos recreational activities. Evaluating noise exposure correctly is just as important as selecting the right controls. This presentation examines the physics of noise, how to measure it, who to include in a hearing conservation program, and what controls can be used to reduce the risk.
This document provides information about noise and hearing conservation. It notes that OSHA requires a hearing conservation program for employees exposed to noise levels over 85 decibels averaged over 8 hours. Excessive noise can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss as well as other health issues. The document outlines how to properly use hearing protection devices like earplugs and earmuffs to reduce noise exposure and protect hearing. Regular audiometric testing can detect early signs of noise-induced hearing loss.
Noise-induced hearing loss is the number one occupational disability and is generally painless and progressive over time. It is caused by exposure to hazardous noise levels through either acute acoustic trauma or daily exposure to moderately loud sounds. While initially affecting high frequencies, continued exposure can damage mid-frequencies resulting in the inability to understand speech. Using hearing protection devices can prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Common types of hearing protection include earplugs and earmuffs, which should be properly fitted and maintained to be effective. Administrative controls and doubling up protection may also be needed for very high noise exposures. Annual hearing tests are important to monitor any effects of noise exposure.
This document discusses occupational noise hazards. It begins by stating objectives and introducing the topic of occupational noise exposure. Key facts are provided about noise-related hearing loss, including that 10 million Americans and 22 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise annually. Common noise sources at work are identified. The effects of noise on health are outlined. Methods for reducing noise exposure through engineering controls, administrative controls, and hearing protection devices are described. Responsibilities of workers in a hearing conservation program are listed.
The document summarizes how hearing tests are conducted. It discusses the anatomy of the ear and how sound is transmitted through the ear. It also outlines the procedures for conducting a hearing test, including preparing the patient, placing the earphones correctly, and conducting tests by air and bone conduction. The results are displayed on an audiogram which charts hearing levels at different frequencies and classifies degrees of hearing loss.
This document provides information about corporate hearing protection programs. It discusses how hearing loss can occur suddenly or gradually over time from noise exposure. Employers are required to measure noise levels and implement hearing protection programs if noise exceeds certain levels. The document reviews the effects of noise on hearing, types of hearing protection, proper use, and the purpose of audiometric testing in monitoring employees' hearing. It provides examples of noise levels from various sources and equipment.
The document summarizes key aspects of noise and hearing conservation including:
1) It defines sound and noise, and how they are measured in decibels and hertz. Excessive noise above 85 dB over 8 hours can cause hearing loss.
2) Engineering, administrative and personal protective controls are required if noise levels exceed permissible limits to reduce worker exposures.
3) A hearing conservation program including audiometric testing, training, and record keeping is required if workers are exposed to noise above 85 dB.
4) Hearing protection devices like earplugs and earmuffs must be properly selected, fitted, used and cared for to effectively protect hearing. Both employees and management have responsibilities in maintaining an effective hearing
This document provides guidance on performing speech audiometry tests, including speech reception threshold (SRT), word recognition score (WRS), and speech-in-noise tests. It discusses procedures for determining SRT and WRS, considerations for non-native English speakers and those with hearing loss, and the clinical significance of test results including how they can indicate site of lesion. Masking procedures are also outlined to limit interference between ears during testing.
Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major compensable industrial disease in Australia, which has severe impact – sufferers have trouble communicating, can become socially isolated and experience a substantial reduction in their quality of life. As well as the negative affects directly associated with the individual affected, NIHL also has substantial economic costs. Exposure to excessive noise causes increased employee turnover and absenteeism as well as lowered performance.
Although NIHL is irreversible, it can prevented. In this slide deck, Kerri-Ann Jessep, Client Support Consultant and Occupational Hygienist at Medgate, teaches you how you can better protect your employees from noise induced hearing loss.
Hearing tests like Rinne's test, Weber's test, and audiometry are used to evaluate hearing function and determine the cause of any impairment. Rinne's test compares bone conduction to air conduction, while Weber's test identifies whether a sound is louder on one side. Audiometry precisely measures hearing levels at different frequencies and can distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss based on bone conduction results.
The document discusses noise exposure at work and hearing conservation programs. It covers the effects of noise on hearing, types of hearing protection, audiometric testing, noise measurement records, and an employer's responsibilities regarding noise exposure and hearing protection. Examples of noisy equipment and their decibel levels are provided, as well as allowable daily noise exposure times without hearing protection.
Noise can be harmful to health if exposure levels are too high or go on for too long. Prolonged exposure to noise over 85dB can damage hearing, while sudden exposure to sounds over 160dB can cause permanent deafness. Noise has auditory effects like auditory fatigue and hearing loss, as well as non-auditory effects like annoyance, reduced efficiency, and physiological changes. Noise exposure can be controlled through careful city planning, vehicle regulations, insulating buildings, protecting workers, legislation, and education.
1) The document discusses hearing protection in the workplace and outlines OSHA regulations regarding noise levels and hearing conservation programs.
2) It states that exposure to noise levels over 85 decibels over an 8-hour period can risk hearing loss and requires a hearing conservation program.
3) The hearing conservation program includes measuring noise levels, requiring hearing tests for employees, and the use of hearing protection devices like earmuffs or earplugs to reduce noise exposure to safer levels.
Pure tone audiometry involves testing a subject's hearing sensitivity using pure tone sounds of fixed frequencies. It aims to determine if hearing loss is present, its type and degree. A pure tone audiometer generates pure tones and delivers them via headphones or bone conduction vibrator. Threshold testing finds the lowest sound level at which a subject responds correctly to 50% of tones. Interpretation of the audiogram provides qualitative information about the hearing loss.
Noise-induced hearing loss is the number one occupational disability and is generally caused by exposure to loud noises over time. It is permanent but preventable. Using hearing protection devices like earplugs and earmuffs can prevent noise exposure above safe levels from damaging hearing. Proper use and care of hearing protection, limiting exposure time to loud noises, and following safety guidelines are important to preserve long-term hearing ability.
This document summarizes key aspects of the auditory system and hearing assessment. It describes the organ of Corti and its components that transfer sound energy into electrical signals. Clinical tests for hearing assessment include tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry to measure air and bone conduction thresholds, and speech audiometry. Special tests include impedance audiometry, short increment sensitivity index test, and evoked response audiometry like electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response. The document provides details on the procedures and clinical significance of these various hearing assessment methods.
This document defines different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It describes the magnitude, type, and configuration of hearing loss. Normal hearing is defined as thresholds ≤15 dB. Degree of loss is categorized as slight, mild, moderate, etc. based on puretone average. Conductive loss shows normal bone conduction but abnormal air conduction with an air-bone gap. Sensorineural loss has equal abnormal air and bone conduction thresholds. Mixed loss has characteristics of both. Configuration can be flat, rising, sloping, or precipitous. Certain conditions require medical referral.
This presentation explains the working of the ear... It is best for medical students.. It includes all the key points necessary for an exam too... So this presentation can also be used as a notes for your exams...
The document discusses the physiology of hearing. It covers topics like acoustics, properties of sound, the external ear, middle ear, inner ear, bone conduction, and the auditory pathway. The middle ear functions to transmit sounds from the air to the inner ear fluid through a transducer mechanism involving the vibrations of the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and oval window. Sound waves in the inner ear cause motion of hair cells and generation of nerve impulses that travel through the auditory pathway to the brain.
The document provides an overview of the physiology of hearing. It discusses:
1) How sound waves are conducted through the external ear, middle ear bones, and inner ear fluid. The middle ear bones provide impedance matching to transmit sounds to the inner ear.
2) In the inner ear, sound causes the basilar membrane to vibrate, stimulating hair cells. This leads to a change in the hair cell membrane potential and the generation of action potentials in the auditory nerve.
3) Neural signals are transmitted from the cochlear nuclei to the auditory cortex through several structures in the brainstem and thalamus. The auditory pathway shows tonotopic organization and hemispheric specialization for
The document summarizes the physiology of hearing. It discusses how sound is transmitted through the ear as a transducer, converting sound energy to mechanical and then electrical energy. It describes the external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear collects and concentrates sound. The middle ear acts as an impedance matcher, increasing the intensity of vibrations through a lever system before transmitting to the inner ear. The inner ear converts vibrations to electrical signals via hair cells and sends signals through the auditory nerve and central pathways to the brain for processing.
This document summarizes the United States hearing aid market. It finds that while the population with hearing loss is projected to grow to over 35 million by 2015, current adoption rates of hearing aids are only around 25% due to factors like cost and stigma. The distribution of hearing aids is also expected to significantly change between 2006-2015, with mass market channels like drug stores and online retailers projected to grow their market share from 6% to over 60%. This is because the traditional "mom and pop" distribution system of audiologists and dispensers will not be able to meet the growing demand for hearing aids.
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease that causes fixation of the ossicles in the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss. It typically presents in young adults and involves abnormal bone growth around the oval window. Diagnosis is based on history of progressive hearing loss and audiometric findings like Carhart's notch. CT scan can characterize the extent of abnormal bone growth pre-operatively. Treatment involves surgical procedures like stapedectomy to restore hearing if the disease is localized to the oval window.
Hearing Loss Corrections with Pitch ShiftingGeorges Samake
This document discusses vlrFilter, a multifunction audio filter software with remote control capabilities. It allows for 3D positional audio, fast FFT convolution, hearing loss corrections through pitch shifting, and noise reduction. Hearing loss is measured by playing generated or recorded sounds and plotting sensitivity to different frequencies on an audiogram. It affects over 1 billion people worldwide and causes disability in over 5% of the population. Hearing aids are used to improve hearing and speech comprehension by magnifying sound vibrations in the ear.
This document discusses noise and its impacts. It defines noise as any unwanted sound and notes that noise levels are rising, becoming an environmental stressor. At low levels, noise can be annoying but at higher levels it can damage hearing or interfere with speech. Chronic noise exposure is associated with hearing loss and cardiovascular effects like increased blood pressure. Noise pollution also causes annoyance, sleep disturbances, and other health issues. Sources of noise include transportation like aircraft, highways, and railways, as well as industrial and recreational activities. Noise exposure can impair task performance and attention. The document reviews evidence on noise's impacts on health, behavior, and mental health.
Hearing Loss Corrections with Frequency ShiftingGeorges Samake
The vlrFilter audio filter software provides 3D positional audio, fast Fourier convolution, hearing loss corrections, and noise reduction. It can apply frequency shifting to account for profound hearing loss in certain frequency regions. Hearing loss is measured by playing sounds and can be plotted on an audiogram, with severity ranging from slight to profound. It affects over 1 billion people worldwide and causes disability in more than 5% of the population.
Hearing Loss Corrections with Audio EqualizationGeorges Samake
This document discusses hearing loss corrections and audio equalization. It defines hearing loss and how it is measured using generated sounds at different frequencies. Hearing loss can cause difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments, and affects over 1 billion people worldwide. The document also describes the levels of severity for hearing loss in decibels and statistics on hearing loss in the American population. It notes that hearing aids are used to improve hearing and speech comprehension by magnifying sound vibrations in the ear.
Hearing Preservation for Ski Slope Audiogram with Hybrid LTeruKamogashira
1) A 39-year-old male engineer with progressive hearing loss since childhood underwent a hybrid cochlear implant surgery to preserve residual hearing in the low frequencies while gaining access to high frequency sounds with the implant.
2) His left ear, which had better low frequency hearing, was implanted with a short electrode array while preserving the better right ear with a hearing aid.
3) Four months after surgery, speech discrimination was improved with the implant but combined benefit from the implant and contralateral hearing aid had not yet been achieved. Careful follow up is needed to evaluate long term outcomes of hearing preservation and performance.
This document provides biographical information about Rebecca Reich, including her education and work experience related to acoustics and audio engineering. It notes that she has a B.Eng in electrical engineering with a minor in arts, and earned an S.M. in Media Arts and Sciences. Her work has involved programming, customer technical support, and managing support teams in various locations. The document also discusses her interest in flexible work opportunities through programs like Mitacs in Canada.
The document discusses two new hearing aid technologies: receiver-in-the-canal (RIC) hearing aids and frequency compression hearing aids. RIC hearing aids place a tiny speaker directly in the ear canal while keeping the canal open. This allows users to hear better while keeping their natural hearing. Frequency compression hearing aids are for those with damaged high-frequency hearing. They digitally process sound to compress high frequencies into the intact lower frequencies, allowing users to perceive high frequencies again. Both technologies provide significant benefits over traditional hearing aids.
The document discusses the effects of noise on hearing and health. It notes that noise louder than 80 decibels can damage hearing over time. Prolonged exposure to noises over 85 decibels can cause permanent hearing loss. The document provides examples of everyday sounds and their decibel levels, as well as warnings signs of hazardous noise exposure and recommendations for a hearing conservation program.
The document provides an overview of audiological evaluation techniques, including:
1. Behavioral tests like play audiometry and pure tone audiometry that measure hearing sensitivity. Objective tests like ABR, OAEs, and electrocochleography are used for infants and difficult to test patients.
2. Middle ear assessment tools like tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing evaluate the function of the middle ear.
3. Evoked potential tests like ABR, ECochG and OAEs assess cochlear and neural hearing function without depending on behavioral responses. ABR in particular provides threshold information and can detect neurological abnormalities.
The patient presented with increased hearing loss and tinnitus in the right ear following a right cortical mastoidectomy. Audiological assessment revealed a severe to profound mixed hearing loss in the right ear and normal hearing in the left ear. Tests results, including a short increment sensitivity index (SISI) score of 10%, positive tone decay of 30%, absent acoustic reflex, and positive acoustic reflex decay, suggest retrocochlear pathology in the right ear such as vestibulocochlear nerve damage.
The document discusses noise pollution, its sources, effects, and ways to reduce noise. It defines noise pollution as unwanted, disturbing sound from transportation, construction equipment, and other human sources that can negatively impact health. Prolonged exposure to noise over 80 decibels can cause hearing loss, and noise pollution is linked to other health issues. The document provides tips to reduce noise at home and from vehicles.
The document discusses human ear tests of hearing. It describes three main types of hearing loss - conductive, sensorineural, and mixed - and explains what each type is caused by. It also outlines several common tuning fork tests used to evaluate hearing, including Rinne's test, Weber test, and Schwabach test. Finally, it provides an overview of pure tone audiometry testing procedures and how to interpret audiogram results.
The document discusses how to read an audiogram and the different types of hearing tests. It explains the differences between air and bone conduction tests and what parts of the ear each tests. It also outlines the ranges of frequencies and decibel levels measured on an audiogram as well as common types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Finally, it notes which levels of hearing loss are most likely to benefit from hearing aids and for those with profound loss, cochlear implants may be an option.
Audiology (pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry) .pptxAmro1988
Pure tune audiometry
Air- and bone-conduction thresholds
Recruitment
Carhart’s tone decay test
Bekesy audiometry
Speech audiometry
Impendence audiometry
Tympanometry
Acoustic reflex
Acoustic reflex decay test
The future will not look like the future of old - flying cars, jet packs and humanoid robots. Boring and invisible disruptions are on the way. Examples from the hardware world show that soon "A.I.-powered" will sound like "electric".
Similar to Audiology in Norrie Disease: Research and Hearing Aids (18)
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Audiology in Norrie Disease: Research and Hearing Aids
1. Chris Halpin, Ph.D.
Massachusetts
Eye and Ear
Infirmary
Harvard
Medical
School
August 14, 2009
First International
Norrie Disease Association Conference 2009:
AUDIOLOGY IN NORRIE DISEASE:
RESEARCH
AND HEARING AIDS
15. 2000 Hz THRESHOLDS BY AGE
0
10
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100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age in Years
dBHL
U.S. Costa Rica
WORD RECOGNITION BY AGE
0
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age in Years
PercentCorrect
Axes.
16. 2000 Hz THRESHOLDS BY AGE
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U.S. Costa Rica
WORD RECOGNITION BY AGE
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Age in Years
PercentCorrect
axes.2.asy.outly.sp
18. 0
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Left 2KHz
Right 2KHz
0
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Left Word %
Right Word %
Threshold at 2000 Hz.
Word Recognition
Age In Years
Age In Years
dBHLPercentCorrect
Thanks.19
19. 0
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Right 2KHz
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Left Word %
Right Word %
Threshold at 2000 Hz.
Word Recognition
Age In Years
Age In Years
dBHLPercentCorrect
20. 2000 Hz THRESHOLDS BY AGE
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U.S. Costa Rica
WORD RECOGNITION BY AGE
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Import.yr
29. In 2008, about 1.4 Million People
Bought 2.4 Million Hearing Aids
They Are Now $1500 - $3500 each; 5B
About 31 Million Americans “Have Hearing Loss”
And 7 Million Have Bought Hearing Aids
About Half Are “Satisfied”
Many Do Not Wear
Hearing Aids Have a Bad Reputation
Which Is Addressed With Anecdotes of Success,
Promises of New Technology
HEARING AIDS
30. In 2007, about 1.4 Million People
Bought 2.4 Million Hearing Aids
They Are Now $1500 - $3500 each; 5B
About 31 Million Americans “Have Hearing Loss”
And 7 Million Have Bought Hearing Aids
About Half Are “Satisfied”
Many Do Not Wear
Hearing Aids Have a Bad Reputation
Which Is Addressed With Anecdotes of Success,
Promises of New Technology
HEARING AIDS
52. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
advice
53. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
Mine doesn’t have a volume control...
54. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
“It’s Whistling...
That’s how I know it’s too loud.”
(WRONG)
That’s how we know
It’s too limited.
55. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
“It’s Whistling...
That’s how I know it’s too loud.”
(WRONG)
That’s how we know
It’s too limited.
56. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
People’s voices are too loud (Jackpot!)
57. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
“I don’t like it, but it’s easier to hear people”
“I turn it down a little so it doesn’t drive me crazy”
(OK)
Hearing aids should be loud…
to reduce the workload of communicating.
People’s voices are too loud (Jackpot!)
59. National Temporal Bone Donor Program
• Enlists people with otologic
disorders to become
temporal bone donors
• Registry arranges the
pledge, obtains medical
records, and updates
records periodically
64. Anecdotes:
“I tried the new Zipzip 440
and they loved it”
“This thing is no good. You
ripped me off...”
“I baked you these
cookies...”
dif is coch calc
65. “So, Can you make it too loud with no whistle?”
Is It On? I guess so...
Is It Too Loud? No...
unclear
67. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions:
Age 14
-20
-10
0
10
20
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Geometric Mean of F1 and F2
dBSPL
Noise L
DP L
Noise R
DP R