This document provides an overview of atomic structure and isotopes. It begins by recapping atomic structure, including the structure of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus, and the relative masses and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It then defines isotopes as atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Examples of different isotopes of oxygen are provided. The document concludes by discussing some uses of radioactive isotopes, such as in food irradiation and carbon dating.

1. 1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives

2. 1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives

3. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

4. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

5. The Atomic Structure

6. WHAT IS AN ATOM?
Atoms are the smallest particle of an element.

7. WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?
•An element is a ____ substance that cannot be
_____up into 2 or more simpler substances by
chemical processes.
pure
spilt

8. The Story of Atoms
Ernest
Rutherford
(1871 -1937)
Democritus
460 BC
Sir James
Chadwick
(1891 -1974)
1898
Joseph John
Thompson
(1856-1940)
Atoms have positive
charges concentrated in
their small nucleus!
There are
neutrons!
PLUM
PUDDING
MODEL
Niels Bohr
(1885-1962)

9. Bohr’s Atom
electrons in orbits
nucleus
http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/atom.swf

10. Structure of Atom
10
An atom consists
mostly of empty
space.
Negatively
charged
electrons move
around the
nucleus in fixed
orbits or paths.
A positively
charged nucleus,
densely
concentrated in
the centre.
The nucleus
contains protons
and neutrons,
which are tightly
packed.

11. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton,
neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

12. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton,
neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

13. Relative Charges & Relative Masses Of
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Sub-atomic
particles
Symbol Relative
mass
Relative
charge
*Proton p 1 +1
*Neutron n 1 0
*Electron e 1/1840 -1
•When No. of proton = no. of electrons in an atom
•It is electrically neutral
•It has no net charge.

14. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

15. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

16. 16
O
16
8
chemical symbol
mass number
(nucleon number)
proton number
(atomic number)
P=E
No. of
protons= no.
of electrons
atomic number (proton number) is the number of
protons in an atom.
Each oxygen atom has 8 protons.
As the number of electrons is equal to the number of
protons in an atom, each oxygen atom contains 8
electrons.
Mass=P+N
mass number is the total number
of protons and neutrons in an
atom.
Number of neutrons in the
oxygen atom is: 16 – 8 = 8.
Interpreting Chemical Symbol

17. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

18. C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure

19. The Electronic Configuration of Atoms
OO
16
8
Mass number
(Nucleon)
Atomic
number
(Proton)

20. The Electronic Configuration of Atoms
Mg

21. Summary for Atomic Structure (I)
• The structure of an atom
• The relative charges & relative masses of
proton, neutron & electron
• Defined mass number & atomic number
• Learnt how to interpret chemical symbols
• The electronic configuration of atoms

22. 1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives

23. Today…
Isotopes

24. Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes

25. Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes

26. Activity
• Find your fellow group members! (1min)

27. Definition of Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same
element which contains the same
number of protons but different
number of neutrons.

28. Isotopes
O
16
8
mass
number
proton
number
Oxygen-16 Oxygen-17 Oxygen-18
O O
17
8
18
8
n = 8 n = 17 – 8
= 9
n = 18 – 8
= 10

29. Isotopes
Isotopes have the same chemical
properties but slightly different
physical properties

30. Q. DO ALL ISOTOPES OF THE SAME
ELEMENT HAVE THE SAME MASS?

31. Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes

32. Pair Work

33. Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
• Food irradiation
• Archaeological dating (carbon-dating)
• Smoke detectors
• Radioactive tracers

34. Summary
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
Recap on Atomic Structure

35. Definition of Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same
element which contains the same
number of protons but different
number of neutrons.

36. Quiz
• http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/bli
onquiz.htm