1) In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, European powers such as Spain, Portugal, France, and England established colonies in the Americas and traded goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in triangular trade networks. 2) Hernan Cortes and 600 men conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico between 1519-1521 aided by superior weapons and Native American allies. Disease also wiped out many Native Americans. 3) By the 1700s, England had become the dominant power in North America, taking control of territories from other European nations like France and the Netherlands through conflicts such as the French and Indian War. The Atlantic slave trade brought over 400,000 enslaved Africans to North

1. The Atlantic WorldMr. Taylor | World History | Chapter 20

3. Columbus1492Thinks he is in East IndiesActually lands on an island, probably in the BahamasUnable to find gold, he claims islands for Spain

4. ColumbusIn 1493, he sets out for the Americas again with a large fleetSpain aims to set up colonies—lands controlled by a foreign nation

6. More Sea ExplorersAmerigo Vespucci identifies South America as new continent (1501)Balboareaches the Pacific OceanFerdinand Magellanleaves to sail around the world (1519)Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain in 1522

8. Spanish Conquests in MexicoIn 1519, Hernando Cortéslands in Mexico Known as conquistadors— Spanish conquerors

10. Cortés Conquers the AztecsCortés and 600 men reach Aztec capital of TenochtitlánBy 1521, they conquer Aztec empireConquest aided by superior weapons, Native American allies; European diseases wipe out large numbers of Aztecs

11. Competing Claims in North America French, English, Dutch start colonies in North AmericaA Trading EmpireNew France is very large but has few inhabitantsMain activity of the colony is the fur trade

12. Dutch fur trade with Indians

13. English Arrive in North AmericaThe First English ColonyIn 1607, colonists found Jamestownin VirginiaEarly years very difficult; many die, but settlement takes holdPuritans Create a “New England”Pilgrims — group persecuted for religion—found Plymouth in 1620Puritans — group seeking religious freedom—settle in Massachusetts

15. England Pushes Out RivalsDutch: New Netherland —(New York)Fur trade; welcome settlers from other landsIn 1664, English force out Dutch colonistsEnglish, pushing west, collide with FrenchFrench and Indian War —part of Seven Years’ War—begins (1754)In 1763, France loses to Britain, gives up its American colonies

16. Atlantic Slave Trade

17. Slavery in AfricaExisted in Africa for centuries, but been minor practiceSpread of Islam produces more slaveryIn African, Muslim lands, slaves have some rightsThe Demand for AfricansNeed for workers in Americas raises demand for enslaved AfricansAfricans withstand diseases, have farming skills, unlikely to escapeMiddle Passage

18. Atlantic Slave TradeSpain and Portugal Lead the WayEngland Dominates the Slave TradeFrom 1690 to 1807, England dominates slave tradeAbout 400,000 enslaved Africans brought to North American coloniesAfrican Cooperation and ResistanceMany African rulers capture people to be sold into slavery

19. Triangular TradeTrade network linking Europe, Africa, AmericasThree trading partners each get what they want.There are several triangle trade networks in the Atlantic.

22. The Columbian Exchangeand Global Trade

23. The Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange — global transfer of food, plants, animalsCorn, potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes from Americas become crops in Eastern Hemisphere New animals, plants introduced by Europeans take hold in AmericasCattle, sheep, pigs, horseEuropean diseases kill millions of Native Americans

24. Changing EconomiesWealth from Americas, growth of trade changes business in EuropeThe Rise of CapitalismNew economic system — capitalism — based on private property, profitIncrease in business leads to inflation—rising prices—in EuropeGold, silver from Americas cause high inflationJoint-stock companylets investors share risk, profits of business (fund colonies)

25. Goal was wealth, not landPolicy of mercantilism emphasizes national wealth as source of powerOne way for nation to increase wealth: gather gold, silverColonies provide raw materials that home country uses to make goods