Atlantic Slave Trade - Reasons for slave punishment
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Owners would punish slaves to encourage better work habits and obedience. Punishments were used to deter poor work, rule-breaking, and rebellion. Some slaves were punished severely, such as being beaten until their bones broke, for minor infractions. Overall, punishments were used to control slaves through fear and division.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - Slave punishments
Owners used various punishments to control slaves and instill fear, including whipping, withholding food, extended work hours, shackling, branding for attempted escape, and the use of painful restraints. More extreme punishments that could disable or kill slaves were rarely used as they cost the owner money.
Atlantic Slave Trade - Other slaves and workers in the Caribbean
There were several groups that worked under difficult conditions in the Caribbean during colonization:
Native Americans were the first slaves, forced to work for European settlers on plantations and dying in large numbers from disease and overwork. European prisoners were also sent to work in the Caribbean as punishment for crimes. Indentured servants had contracts to work without pay for a fixed term, after which they would be freed, while slaves provided lifetime forced labor. Later, Asian workers also arrived as indentured laborers to replace declining populations of other worker groups. Conditions were harsh for all but improved somewhat for skilled workers and those who gained specialized roles.
atlantic slave trade - slave resistance
Slaves resisted their owners in various ways, both violently and non-violently. Non-violent resistance included working slowly, pretending to be ill, and escaping, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad network. Violent resistance involved damaging owner's property, hurting or killing farm animals, and in rare cases, attacking or killing owners. Famous slave rebellions, like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the 1861 Baptist War in Jamaica, showed that some slaves were willing to take up arms against their oppressors.
Atlantic Slave Trade - selling slaves
Slaves were prepared for sale by being cleaned, having injuries covered, and sometimes having their age concealed. Buyers would inspect slaves like cattle, checking teeth and prodding them. Slaves were then sold by auction, with families often separated, or by scramble, where buyers took as many slaves as they wanted at a fixed price. After purchase, slaves might be branded with their owner's initials and taken in chains to work on plantations or in mines and factories.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave life and jobs
Slaves lived in poor conditions, usually in cramped huts with minimal furniture, and were given meager rations that often led to disease. They performed difficult labor on plantations or in factories and mines, depending on their location in the Americas. House slaves sometimes had better living conditions and performed domestic jobs like cooking or childcare, and occasionally gained freedom after their owner died. The treatment of slaves depended on their owner, but they had few rights and were subject to cruel conditions.
Atlantic Slave Trade unit summary
This document outlines key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade between 1770 and 1807, including the impact of slavery on Africa and West Indian plantations, the organization and triangular nature of the trade, slave experiences, Britain's role in the Caribbean, and the abolitionist campaigns that ultimately led to the abolition of the slave trade. It discusses topics like slave factories, the Middle Passage, the influence of Britain in the Caribbean and on the British economy, living conditions for slaves on plantations, resistance and punishment of slaves, and the origins and methods of the abolitionist movement.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave factories
Slave factories were located along the coast of Africa and served as prisons where captured Africans were held until being transported overseas. Gangs would kidnap or capture Africans through debt or war and force them to make long difficult journeys in chains to the factories. Conditions in the factories were poor, with disease and violence common. Africans were sometimes held for months until being selected for transport on slave ships to the Americas, where they faced an uncertain future across the Atlantic.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - Slave punishments
Owners used various punishments to control slaves and instill fear, including whipping, withholding food, extended work hours, shackling, branding for attempted escape, and the use of painful restraints. More extreme punishments that could disable or kill slaves were rarely used as they cost the owner money.
Atlantic Slave Trade - Other slaves and workers in the Caribbean
There were several groups that worked under difficult conditions in the Caribbean during colonization:
Native Americans were the first slaves, forced to work for European settlers on plantations and dying in large numbers from disease and overwork. European prisoners were also sent to work in the Caribbean as punishment for crimes. Indentured servants had contracts to work without pay for a fixed term, after which they would be freed, while slaves provided lifetime forced labor. Later, Asian workers also arrived as indentured laborers to replace declining populations of other worker groups. Conditions were harsh for all but improved somewhat for skilled workers and those who gained specialized roles.
atlantic slave trade - slave resistance
Slaves resisted their owners in various ways, both violently and non-violently. Non-violent resistance included working slowly, pretending to be ill, and escaping, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad network. Violent resistance involved damaging owner's property, hurting or killing farm animals, and in rare cases, attacking or killing owners. Famous slave rebellions, like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the 1861 Baptist War in Jamaica, showed that some slaves were willing to take up arms against their oppressors.
Atlantic Slave Trade - selling slaves
Slaves were prepared for sale by being cleaned, having injuries covered, and sometimes having their age concealed. Buyers would inspect slaves like cattle, checking teeth and prodding them. Slaves were then sold by auction, with families often separated, or by scramble, where buyers took as many slaves as they wanted at a fixed price. After purchase, slaves might be branded with their owner's initials and taken in chains to work on plantations or in mines and factories.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave life and jobs
Slaves lived in poor conditions, usually in cramped huts with minimal furniture, and were given meager rations that often led to disease. They performed difficult labor on plantations or in factories and mines, depending on their location in the Americas. House slaves sometimes had better living conditions and performed domestic jobs like cooking or childcare, and occasionally gained freedom after their owner died. The treatment of slaves depended on their owner, but they had few rights and were subject to cruel conditions.
Atlantic Slave Trade unit summary
This document outlines key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade between 1770 and 1807, including the impact of slavery on Africa and West Indian plantations, the organization and triangular nature of the trade, slave experiences, Britain's role in the Caribbean, and the abolitionist campaigns that ultimately led to the abolition of the slave trade. It discusses topics like slave factories, the Middle Passage, the influence of Britain in the Caribbean and on the British economy, living conditions for slaves on plantations, resistance and punishment of slaves, and the origins and methods of the abolitionist movement.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave factories
Slave factories were located along the coast of Africa and served as prisons where captured Africans were held until being transported overseas. Gangs would kidnap or capture Africans through debt or war and force them to make long difficult journeys in chains to the factories. Conditions in the factories were poor, with disease and violence common. Africans were sometimes held for months until being selected for transport on slave ships to the Americas, where they faced an uncertain future across the Atlantic.
Transatlantic slave trade
1) The transatlantic slave trade transported 10-20 million Africans to the Americas over 300 years, mostly to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish colonies. Less than 5% went to North America.
2) Enslaved Africans were subjected to brutal conditions during capture, the Middle Passage voyage, and on plantations where they produced crops like cotton, sugar, and tobacco.
3) The slave trade had devastating impacts on Africa's population and development while fueling economic growth in Europe through plantation agriculture.
Dakota tribe
The Dakota tribe originally lived in North and South Dakota but also traveled to Iowa. They hunted buffalo, elk, and deer for food and gathered fruits and potatoes. The Dakota lived in large tipis and the women wore long dresses while the men wore buckskin shirts. They used bows and arrows in hunting as well as buffalo hide shields. Women cooked and cleaned while men hunted to feed and protect their families. One of their traditions was the Ghost Dance which was performed for the dead and believed would transform the world.
Different types of slaves
Slavery began in North America in the 1600s and involved the buying and selling of people who were then forced to work without pay and were not allowed to leave. There were different types of slaves including chattel slaves who could be traded and had no rights, forced labor slaves who worked under threat of punishment, and serfdom slaves who were tied to the land and required permission for activities. Debt bondage slavery also occurred where people were kept as slaves to pay off debts passed down through generations. Field slaves worked long hours in harsh conditions compared to house slaves who had better treatment and living standards.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why was the slave trade abolished?
Parliamentary campaigns led by William Wilberforce, public opinion swayed by abolitionist writings and speeches from former slaves, and economic factors like cheaper sugar from India and slave rebellions contributed to Great Britain abolishing the slave trade in 1807, though slavery itself in British colonies continued until being outlawed in 1833.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the Triangular Trade
The triangular trade involved three stages: 1) European traders brought goods to Africa and traded for slaves. 2) Slaves were then transported to the Americas through the grueling Middle Passage. 3) Goods produced by slaves in the Americas, such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco, were brought back to Europe for sale, completing the triangle.
Unit 2 age of exploration- guided notes
The document provides information about the motivations and goals of European exploration in the 15th-17th centuries. The key motivations were: spreading Christianity (God), trade and wealth (Goods), and glory for explorers. Portugal, Spain, England, and France were the main exploring countries. Portugal explored Africa's coast and established the first global trade routes. Spain claimed much of North and South America and built large empires through conquering civilizations. England established colonies worldwide and eventually built the largest empire in history. France also built global colonies focused on trade, especially in North America and parts of Asia, Africa.
AP World Atlantic Slave Trade
The document summarizes the history of the Atlantic slave trade from antiquity to its abolition. It describes how slavery was already established in Africa by the time Europeans arrived and dramatically expanded the slave trade to meet labor demands on plantations in the Americas. The triangular trade route transported enslaved Africans to the Americas and goods to Africa and Europe. Conditions during the Middle Passage and on plantations were extremely cruel. Resistance took many forms. Abolitionists from different backgrounds advocated for ending the slave trade and slavery.
Atlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the history of slavery in Africa and the Atlantic slave trade. It describes how slavery existed in Africa prior to European contact, with slaves typically being war captives with no rights. The slave trade expanded dramatically with the arrival of Europeans due to demand for slaves in the Americas. Slaves were captured through raids and wars, transported in inhumane conditions where many died, and then sold at auctions and used as labor on plantations. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately transported through this system, devastating Africa's population and economy.
Slavery in america
Slavery has existed throughout history and affected people of all races. Between 1500 and 1865, 9-12 million Africans were brought to the western hemisphere as slaves, primarily to work on plantations. Slaves faced horrific conditions, with no rights, cruel treatment, and the threat of violence. They engaged in both passive and active forms of resistance such as feigning illness, sabotage, running away, and occasional revolts. The majority of white southerners did not own slaves, yet the civil war was still fought to preserve the institution of slavery and the social hierarchy it enforced.
Ppt 2 capture middle passage-auction
The document provides information about the three stages of the Atlantic slave trade:
1) Capturing slaves in Africa through raids, wars, kidnappings, and debt payments to chiefs. Slaves were then forced to march to coastal holding areas.
2) The brutal Middle Passage where slaves were tightly packed into ships for an 8-10 week journey across the Atlantic. Conditions were unsanitary and dehumanizing, resulting in high mortality rates.
3) Upon arrival in the Americas, surviving slaves were sold at auctions, where buyers inspected and purchased individuals. Those sold into plantation life faced continued hardship through forced labor.
atlantic slave trade - effectiveness of slave resistance
Slave resistance took various forms from passive to active, but was not always effective in improving treatment or reducing profits. Passive resistance included acts like working slowly, while active resistance involved damaging crops or running away. Resistance sometimes succeeded by cutting into an owner's profits or leading them to offer better treatment. However, resistance regularly failed due to threats of punishment, increased mistreatment, slave hunters who would capture runaways, geographic limitations, divisions between slaves, and owners having greater resources like weapons. Ultimately, the slave trade continued for centuries, showing that resistance generally did not overcome the system of slavery.
Transatlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why did slavery start
Slavery started because there was increasing demand for sugar but not enough workers to produce it. Africans were taken as slaves to grow sugar in the Americas as they were more resistant to European diseases than native tribes. This forced transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas to support the sugar industry became known as the Triangular Trade due to the three stages of the journey: goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, produced goods from Americas to Europe.
God Gold Glory: The Age of Exploration
The document summarizes the motives and means of European exploration and expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries. The three main motives were religion ("God"), profit ("Gold"), and increasing power and national pride ("Glory"). Key means included new technologies, powerful monarchs, and early leaders like Prince Henry and explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan. Their voyages established European control over trade with Asia and led to conquests in the Americas and the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas, transforming global societies and economies.
Atlantic Slave Trade - effects on africa
The slave trade had numerous negative impacts on Africa that still affect the continent today. It significantly reduced Africa's population by taking millions of young, strong workers, leaving fewer people to farm and support themselves. This caused problems like poverty and worse health as resources became scarcer. However, some African kings did benefit financially from capturing and selling other Africans as slaves.
Slavery
The two documents summarize the political, economic, and social impacts of the slave trade on three West African kingdoms - Benin, Kongo, and Asante - from the 15th to 19th centuries. Initially, the slave trade increased the power of rulers by providing guns and wealth, but over time it led to civil wars, corruption, and the decline and fall of the kingdoms as European influence grew and the slave trade disrupted traditional power structures.
American revolution
The document summarizes key events of the American Revolution from the Sugar Act of 1764 to the Treaty of Paris in 1783. It describes several taxes imposed by Parliament that angered the colonists and led to protests. Significant events included the Boston Tea Party in 1773, the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the American victory at Yorktown in 1781, which forced the British surrender. The colonies were finally recognized as independent states with the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
Jamestown
- The English established their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 under the Virginia Company of London. The colony struggled initially with disease and lack of supplies.
- Under the leadership of John Smith, the colony became organized and began growing tobacco for profit. However, after Smith left, the colony suffered through the "Starving Time" winter where few survived.
- The colony stabilized with the arrival of more settlers and supplies. It established the first representative government in America, the House of Burgesses, and became the first English colony to have slaves and indentured servants arrive. Conflict with native Powhatan people continued sporadically.
Abolition Movement
The document summarizes key aspects of the abolition movement in the United States, including the harsh living conditions faced by slaves, Nat Turner's rebellion, and prominent abolitionist leaders and their efforts. It describes the daily hardships of slaves, such as living in poor conditions without rights. It also outlines Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the increased restrictions placed on slaves and free blacks afterwards. Furthermore, it profiles influential abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Quincy Adams, and Harriet Tubman, and their roles in advocating for the end of slavery through newspapers, speeches, books, and aiding the Underground Railroad.
Exploration & Colonization Presentation
European exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia to access valuable spices and other goods. This document provides background on why Western European nations like Portugal, Spain, England, and France established overseas colonies starting in this era. It explores their motivations, including accessing Asian trade, spreading Christianity, finding natural resources, and gaining economic and geopolitical advantages over rivals. New technologies like the compass and caravel ships enabled explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan to discover new lands and establish European colonial empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Slave punishments
1) The document describes various punishments used against slaves on plantations, including whipping, withholding food, use of face masks/punishment collars, relocation away from families, and sexual abuse.
2) Reasons for punishing slaves included enforcing obedience, setting an example, and dividing slaves to prevent rebellion by having them punish each other.
3) Punishments caused division and tensions among slaves that stopped them from revolting, which benefited slave owners given the imbalance of power between slaves and British citizens on plantations.
Punishments
1) The document describes various punishments used against slaves on plantations, including whipping, withholding food, use of face masks/collars, relocation away from families, sexual abuse of female slaves, and extreme punishments like burning and limb amputation.
2) Slaves were punished for reasons like poor work, bad attitudes, breaking plantation rules, and attempting escape. Punishment was meant to intimidate other slaves and prevent rebellion given the large numbers of slaves.
3) Forcing one slave to punish another caused division and tensions among slaves to discourage revolt against owners who greatly outnumbered slaves.
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Transatlantic slave trade
1) The transatlantic slave trade transported 10-20 million Africans to the Americas over 300 years, mostly to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish colonies. Less than 5% went to North America.
2) Enslaved Africans were subjected to brutal conditions during capture, the Middle Passage voyage, and on plantations where they produced crops like cotton, sugar, and tobacco.
3) The slave trade had devastating impacts on Africa's population and development while fueling economic growth in Europe through plantation agriculture.
Dakota tribe
The Dakota tribe originally lived in North and South Dakota but also traveled to Iowa. They hunted buffalo, elk, and deer for food and gathered fruits and potatoes. The Dakota lived in large tipis and the women wore long dresses while the men wore buckskin shirts. They used bows and arrows in hunting as well as buffalo hide shields. Women cooked and cleaned while men hunted to feed and protect their families. One of their traditions was the Ghost Dance which was performed for the dead and believed would transform the world.
Different types of slaves
Slavery began in North America in the 1600s and involved the buying and selling of people who were then forced to work without pay and were not allowed to leave. There were different types of slaves including chattel slaves who could be traded and had no rights, forced labor slaves who worked under threat of punishment, and serfdom slaves who were tied to the land and required permission for activities. Debt bondage slavery also occurred where people were kept as slaves to pay off debts passed down through generations. Field slaves worked long hours in harsh conditions compared to house slaves who had better treatment and living standards.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why was the slave trade abolished?
Parliamentary campaigns led by William Wilberforce, public opinion swayed by abolitionist writings and speeches from former slaves, and economic factors like cheaper sugar from India and slave rebellions contributed to Great Britain abolishing the slave trade in 1807, though slavery itself in British colonies continued until being outlawed in 1833.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the Triangular Trade
The triangular trade involved three stages: 1) European traders brought goods to Africa and traded for slaves. 2) Slaves were then transported to the Americas through the grueling Middle Passage. 3) Goods produced by slaves in the Americas, such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco, were brought back to Europe for sale, completing the triangle.
Unit 2 age of exploration- guided notes
The document provides information about the motivations and goals of European exploration in the 15th-17th centuries. The key motivations were: spreading Christianity (God), trade and wealth (Goods), and glory for explorers. Portugal, Spain, England, and France were the main exploring countries. Portugal explored Africa's coast and established the first global trade routes. Spain claimed much of North and South America and built large empires through conquering civilizations. England established colonies worldwide and eventually built the largest empire in history. France also built global colonies focused on trade, especially in North America and parts of Asia, Africa.
AP World Atlantic Slave Trade
The document summarizes the history of the Atlantic slave trade from antiquity to its abolition. It describes how slavery was already established in Africa by the time Europeans arrived and dramatically expanded the slave trade to meet labor demands on plantations in the Americas. The triangular trade route transported enslaved Africans to the Americas and goods to Africa and Europe. Conditions during the Middle Passage and on plantations were extremely cruel. Resistance took many forms. Abolitionists from different backgrounds advocated for ending the slave trade and slavery.
Atlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the history of slavery in Africa and the Atlantic slave trade. It describes how slavery existed in Africa prior to European contact, with slaves typically being war captives with no rights. The slave trade expanded dramatically with the arrival of Europeans due to demand for slaves in the Americas. Slaves were captured through raids and wars, transported in inhumane conditions where many died, and then sold at auctions and used as labor on plantations. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately transported through this system, devastating Africa's population and economy.
Slavery in america
Slavery has existed throughout history and affected people of all races. Between 1500 and 1865, 9-12 million Africans were brought to the western hemisphere as slaves, primarily to work on plantations. Slaves faced horrific conditions, with no rights, cruel treatment, and the threat of violence. They engaged in both passive and active forms of resistance such as feigning illness, sabotage, running away, and occasional revolts. The majority of white southerners did not own slaves, yet the civil war was still fought to preserve the institution of slavery and the social hierarchy it enforced.
Ppt 2 capture middle passage-auction
The document provides information about the three stages of the Atlantic slave trade:
1) Capturing slaves in Africa through raids, wars, kidnappings, and debt payments to chiefs. Slaves were then forced to march to coastal holding areas.
2) The brutal Middle Passage where slaves were tightly packed into ships for an 8-10 week journey across the Atlantic. Conditions were unsanitary and dehumanizing, resulting in high mortality rates.
3) Upon arrival in the Americas, surviving slaves were sold at auctions, where buyers inspected and purchased individuals. Those sold into plantation life faced continued hardship through forced labor.
atlantic slave trade - effectiveness of slave resistance
Slave resistance took various forms from passive to active, but was not always effective in improving treatment or reducing profits. Passive resistance included acts like working slowly, while active resistance involved damaging crops or running away. Resistance sometimes succeeded by cutting into an owner's profits or leading them to offer better treatment. However, resistance regularly failed due to threats of punishment, increased mistreatment, slave hunters who would capture runaways, geographic limitations, divisions between slaves, and owners having greater resources like weapons. Ultimately, the slave trade continued for centuries, showing that resistance generally did not overcome the system of slavery.
Transatlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why did slavery start
Slavery started because there was increasing demand for sugar but not enough workers to produce it. Africans were taken as slaves to grow sugar in the Americas as they were more resistant to European diseases than native tribes. This forced transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas to support the sugar industry became known as the Triangular Trade due to the three stages of the journey: goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, produced goods from Americas to Europe.
God Gold Glory: The Age of Exploration
The document summarizes the motives and means of European exploration and expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries. The three main motives were religion ("God"), profit ("Gold"), and increasing power and national pride ("Glory"). Key means included new technologies, powerful monarchs, and early leaders like Prince Henry and explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan. Their voyages established European control over trade with Asia and led to conquests in the Americas and the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas, transforming global societies and economies.
Atlantic Slave Trade - effects on africa
The slave trade had numerous negative impacts on Africa that still affect the continent today. It significantly reduced Africa's population by taking millions of young, strong workers, leaving fewer people to farm and support themselves. This caused problems like poverty and worse health as resources became scarcer. However, some African kings did benefit financially from capturing and selling other Africans as slaves.
Slavery
The two documents summarize the political, economic, and social impacts of the slave trade on three West African kingdoms - Benin, Kongo, and Asante - from the 15th to 19th centuries. Initially, the slave trade increased the power of rulers by providing guns and wealth, but over time it led to civil wars, corruption, and the decline and fall of the kingdoms as European influence grew and the slave trade disrupted traditional power structures.
American revolution
The document summarizes key events of the American Revolution from the Sugar Act of 1764 to the Treaty of Paris in 1783. It describes several taxes imposed by Parliament that angered the colonists and led to protests. Significant events included the Boston Tea Party in 1773, the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the American victory at Yorktown in 1781, which forced the British surrender. The colonies were finally recognized as independent states with the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
Jamestown
- The English established their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 under the Virginia Company of London. The colony struggled initially with disease and lack of supplies.
- Under the leadership of John Smith, the colony became organized and began growing tobacco for profit. However, after Smith left, the colony suffered through the "Starving Time" winter where few survived.
- The colony stabilized with the arrival of more settlers and supplies. It established the first representative government in America, the House of Burgesses, and became the first English colony to have slaves and indentured servants arrive. Conflict with native Powhatan people continued sporadically.
Abolition Movement
The document summarizes key aspects of the abolition movement in the United States, including the harsh living conditions faced by slaves, Nat Turner's rebellion, and prominent abolitionist leaders and their efforts. It describes the daily hardships of slaves, such as living in poor conditions without rights. It also outlines Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the increased restrictions placed on slaves and free blacks afterwards. Furthermore, it profiles influential abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Quincy Adams, and Harriet Tubman, and their roles in advocating for the end of slavery through newspapers, speeches, books, and aiding the Underground Railroad.
Exploration & Colonization Presentation
European exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia to access valuable spices and other goods. This document provides background on why Western European nations like Portugal, Spain, England, and France established overseas colonies starting in this era. It explores their motivations, including accessing Asian trade, spreading Christianity, finding natural resources, and gaining economic and geopolitical advantages over rivals. New technologies like the compass and caravel ships enabled explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan to discover new lands and establish European colonial empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - why was the slave trade abolished?
Atlantic Slave Trade - why was the slave trade abolished?
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Similar to Atlantic Slave Trade - Reasons for slave punishment
Slave punishments
1) The document describes various punishments used against slaves on plantations, including whipping, withholding food, use of face masks/punishment collars, relocation away from families, and sexual abuse.
2) Reasons for punishing slaves included enforcing obedience, setting an example, and dividing slaves to prevent rebellion by having them punish each other.
3) Punishments caused division and tensions among slaves that stopped them from revolting, which benefited slave owners given the imbalance of power between slaves and British citizens on plantations.
Punishments
1) The document describes various punishments used against slaves on plantations, including whipping, withholding food, use of face masks/collars, relocation away from families, sexual abuse of female slaves, and extreme punishments like burning and limb amputation.
2) Slaves were punished for reasons like poor work, bad attitudes, breaking plantation rules, and attempting escape. Punishment was meant to intimidate other slaves and prevent rebellion given the large numbers of slaves.
3) Forcing one slave to punish another caused division and tensions among slaves to discourage revolt against owners who greatly outnumbered slaves.
African Americans in Antebellum America
This document summarizes life for African Americans in the antebellum South. It describes the plantation system and the social codes that governed southern gentlemen and ladies. It then discusses the harsh conditions slaves faced, including living arrangements, treatment by overseers, slave codes, and the separation of families. The document also covers aspects of slave culture such as churches, leisure activities, and rebellions against the institution of slavery. Key resistance efforts mentioned include the Stono Rebellion, Gabriel's Rebellion, and abolitionist writings that spoke out against the injustice of slavery.
Life as a Slave
This document provides an overview of the lesson about life as a slave in the 1700-1800s. It discusses the living conditions slaves faced, such as poor quality housing and meager diets. It also describes the various types of difficult jobs slaves were forced to perform on plantations and in homes. The document notes slaves had no control over their lives and were subject to cruel treatment by owners who saw them as property rather than people. The lesson involves note taking and answering a National 5 level question about the usefulness of a source describing the lack of rights and protections for slaves.
Hannah holly rebecaa civil war slaves
Slaves lived difficult lives with minimal clothing, poor quality food, and cramped housing. Children as young as five were forced to work, and families were often separated through slave sales. Harsh physical punishments like whipping and confinement in smokehouses were common, and over 30% of marriages were dissolved by masters. Religion was also controlled, with slaves discouraged from learning to read, attending church, or using drums to communicate.
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This document summarizes the harsh conditions of slavery in the American South. Most slaves worked long days in the fields under an oppressive gang labor system, though some worked as domestic servants or skilled laborers. Slaves had no rights and lived in crowded cabins with minimal food and clothing. They faced physical punishment by overseers and restrictions in slave codes. While finding solace in religion and family, resistance was difficult though some worked slower or attempted escape. The largest slave revolt was led by Nat Turner in 1831 Virginia where over 60 whites were killed before Turner was executed along with 100 other slaves.
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Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
This document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It outlines general marking principles, such as using positive marking and awarding marks for relevant points made by candidates regardless of errors. It also provides specific guidance for marking different types of questions, including essays, source analysis questions, and questions comparing two sources. The marking criteria focus on assessing candidates' knowledge, analysis, evaluation of sources, and understanding of historiography.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Higher History exam on British, European and World History. It outlines general marking principles and principles for specific question types, including essays. For essays, it describes how marks should be awarded for historical context, conclusions, use of knowledge, analysis, and evaluation. The marking instructions provide guidance to examiners on assessing responses consistently according to SQA standards.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Scottish Higher History exam on Scottish History. It outlines general marking principles, marking principles for different question types, and detailed marking instructions for specific questions. For question 1, candidates can earn marks for interpreting the viewpoints in two given sources about the Guardians ruling Scotland after King Alexander III's death, and for providing relevant outside knowledge. Overall, the document provides a framework for examiners to consistently mark student responses for this exam.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' success
The document discusses reasons for the success of many emigrant Scots in building new lives in other parts of the British Empire from 1830-1939. It states that Scots often succeeded due to factors like their nationality, English language abilities, education levels, reputation for hard work, skills in demanded fields, establishment of businesses and communities, and support from the British government and other Scots abroad. However, not all emigrant Scots found success, as some faced problems like poverty, unemployment, and loneliness in their new homes.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Education
The 1944 Education Act aimed to improve education access and outcomes in Britain. It raised the compulsory school leaving age to 15, providing all children a minimum of secondary education. At age 11, children took an exam that determined if they attended an academic-focused senior secondary school or trades-focused junior secondary school. However, the exam system was criticized for penalizing poorer students and determining children's futures too early. Labour also introduced new school buildings to replace those damaged in war and accommodate growing student populations, though secondary schools remained outdated in many areas.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health
The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Housing
The New Towns Act of 1946 aimed to tackle overcrowding and improve housing conditions in Britain by building new towns with homes. 14 new towns were established by 1951, moving people from city slums to new communities built in the countryside. However, these new towns initially lacked jobs and local facilities, requiring long commutes. Additionally, while the government set targets to build over 1 million new homes by 1951, housing shortages remained an issue as only around 800,000 new houses were completed. Prefabricated housing provided a temporary solution to the shortage but was meant to last only 10 years though many prefab homes stood for decades.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
The Family Allowances Act of 1946 provided weekly payments to mothers with two or more children to help families struggling financially, especially those where fathers had died in war. However, it did not help families with only one child and payments stopped at age 18. The National Insurance Act of 1946 built on previous acts to provide benefits like sickness, unemployment, old age pensions and other benefits by requiring weekly contributions from working-age people. However, the poorest still struggled to pay and the National Assistance Act of 1948 provided additional financial help for these individuals. Studies in York in 1936 and 1950 showed poverty levels falling from 36% to only 2% due to these welfare programs but benefits did not always keep up with inflation.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Unemployment
The Labour government nationalized several key industries like coal mining, steel production, electricity, and railways between 1946-1948. This was done to ensure these important industries were controlled by the country rather than private companies. Owners were compensated for the nationalized industries. Nationalization allowed the government to use tax money to fund unprofitable businesses and increase apprenticeships to reduce unemployment. However, nationalization was very costly and this high cost reduced funds available for other issues. Labour also introduced policies aimed at improving working conditions for workers through measures like paid holidays and secure jobs at docks. While some workers saw higher wages and better conditions, it may have discouraged companies from hiring more employees as it increased costs. Labour's home
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- 2. LEARNING INTENTIONS โข Explain why owners would punish slaves
- 3. Some slaves were seen to be poor workers, not doing the amount they were told. Owners hoped that by punishing those slaves it would make them work harder, and also encourage other slaves to do work well to avoid this punishment.
- 4. Poor quality of work could also be punished by owners, such as house slaves that had not properly cleaned the ownerโs home. A poor attitude to work, such as turning up late or trying to leave early might also see a slave received a whipping.
- 5. Olaudah Equiano was a former slave who, in 1789, wrote his life story. He described one instance of slave punishment: โI have seen a negro beaten till some of his bones were broken for even letting a pot boil over.โ
- 6. Slaves were often punished for breaking the rules of the plantation where they lived. This could include actions such as not attending religious services, or stealing (either from other slaves, or from their owner too, such as taking unused food).
- 7. Punishment was also used as a way to divide slaves. Sometimes one slave was made to punish another one. This often caused arguments and tensions between slaves, stopping them organising to revolt against their owner.
- 8. Owners also hoped to use punishment as a method of personal protection. In the British Caribbean, slaves outnumbered white people owners by 10:1. Fear was needed as a way of stopping slaves from rebelling.
- 9. Slaves were seen as property so owners did not need a specific reason to punish slaves. Many chose to do so because they were angry, or even just cruel. Other slaves were punished because they had tried to run away (almost all who did were caught).