atlantic slave trade - effectiveness of slave resistance
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Slave resistance took various forms from passive to active, but was not always effective in improving treatment or reducing profits. Passive resistance included acts like working slowly, while active resistance involved damaging crops or running away. Resistance sometimes succeeded by cutting into an owner's profits or leading them to offer better treatment. However, resistance regularly failed due to threats of punishment, increased mistreatment, slave hunters who would capture runaways, geographic limitations, divisions between slaves, and owners having greater resources like weapons. Ultimately, the slave trade continued for centuries, showing that resistance generally did not overcome the system of slavery.
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atlantic slave trade - slave resistance
Slaves resisted their owners in various ways, both violently and non-violently. Non-violent resistance included working slowly, pretending to be ill, and escaping, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad network. Violent resistance involved damaging owner's property, hurting or killing farm animals, and in rare cases, attacking or killing owners. Famous slave rebellions, like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the 1861 Baptist War in Jamaica, showed that some slaves were willing to take up arms against their oppressors.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave life and jobs
Slaves lived in poor conditions, usually in cramped huts with minimal furniture, and were given meager rations that often led to disease. They performed difficult labor on plantations or in factories and mines, depending on their location in the Americas. House slaves sometimes had better living conditions and performed domestic jobs like cooking or childcare, and occasionally gained freedom after their owner died. The treatment of slaves depended on their owner, but they had few rights and were subject to cruel conditions.
Slavery in america
Slavery has existed throughout history and affected people of all races. Between 1500 and 1865, 9-12 million Africans were brought to the western hemisphere as slaves, primarily to work on plantations. Slaves faced horrific conditions, with no rights, cruel treatment, and the threat of violence. They engaged in both passive and active forms of resistance such as feigning illness, sabotage, running away, and occasional revolts. The majority of white southerners did not own slaves, yet the civil war was still fought to preserve the institution of slavery and the social hierarchy it enforced.
American Revolution with timeline.pptx
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during the American Revolution. It describes Britain passing new taxes on the colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, sparking colonial protests over "no taxation without representation." This growing tension erupted into violence at the Boston Massacre and culminated in the Boston Tea Party. In response, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts, leading the colonies to form the Continental Congress. The Revolutionary War began with battles at Lexington and Concord in 1775. After declaring independence in 1776, the Americans defeated Britain with the help of Enlightenment ideas. They then established a new democratic republic with the Articles of Confederation and later the U.S. Constitution.
Slavery in the united states
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 until 1865, primarily in the Southern states. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million slaves out of a total US population of 12 million, most held by large plantation owners. Slaves endured cruel treatment and inhumane conditions, and an internal slave trade developed that forcibly relocated over 1 million slaves for economic reasons. Abolitionist movements led by figures like Douglass and Beecher Stowe grew in the Northern states, increasing sectional tensions, while the Dred Scott decision of 1857 upheld slavery. The system was finally abolished after the Union victory in the Civil War.
American revolution powerpoint 8
The American Revolution began as a result of growing tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain. Key events led to the outbreak of war in 1775, including several Acts passed by the British Parliament that taxed the colonies without representation. In response, colonists organized protests and boycotts of British goods. The Declaration of Independence was issued in 1776, declaring the colonies independent states no longer under British rule. The American Revolutionary War ensued as the newly formed American forces fought the British for independence.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the Triangular Trade
The triangular trade involved three stages: 1) European traders brought goods to Africa and traded for slaves. 2) Slaves were then transported to the Americas through the grueling Middle Passage. 3) Goods produced by slaves in the Americas, such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco, were brought back to Europe for sale, completing the triangle.
APUSH Lecture Ch. 11
This document provides an overview of slavery and the Old South from the early 1800s through the Civil War era. Some key points:
- By 1860, there were over 4 million slaves in the US, concentrated primarily in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South where they made up around half the population. The slave population had grown dramatically since the initial importation of 20 Africans in the early 1600s.
- The economy of the Old South was deeply dependent on slavery and the cultivation of cotton, known as "King Cotton." The South produced most of the world's cotton supply, which was the United States' most valuable export.
- Slavery shaped every aspect of Southern society, which was
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atlantic slave trade - slave resistance
Slaves resisted their owners in various ways, both violently and non-violently. Non-violent resistance included working slowly, pretending to be ill, and escaping, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad network. Violent resistance involved damaging owner's property, hurting or killing farm animals, and in rare cases, attacking or killing owners. Famous slave rebellions, like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the 1861 Baptist War in Jamaica, showed that some slaves were willing to take up arms against their oppressors.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave life and jobs
Slaves lived in poor conditions, usually in cramped huts with minimal furniture, and were given meager rations that often led to disease. They performed difficult labor on plantations or in factories and mines, depending on their location in the Americas. House slaves sometimes had better living conditions and performed domestic jobs like cooking or childcare, and occasionally gained freedom after their owner died. The treatment of slaves depended on their owner, but they had few rights and were subject to cruel conditions.
Slavery in america
Slavery has existed throughout history and affected people of all races. Between 1500 and 1865, 9-12 million Africans were brought to the western hemisphere as slaves, primarily to work on plantations. Slaves faced horrific conditions, with no rights, cruel treatment, and the threat of violence. They engaged in both passive and active forms of resistance such as feigning illness, sabotage, running away, and occasional revolts. The majority of white southerners did not own slaves, yet the civil war was still fought to preserve the institution of slavery and the social hierarchy it enforced.
American Revolution with timeline.pptx
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during the American Revolution. It describes Britain passing new taxes on the colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, sparking colonial protests over "no taxation without representation." This growing tension erupted into violence at the Boston Massacre and culminated in the Boston Tea Party. In response, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts, leading the colonies to form the Continental Congress. The Revolutionary War began with battles at Lexington and Concord in 1775. After declaring independence in 1776, the Americans defeated Britain with the help of Enlightenment ideas. They then established a new democratic republic with the Articles of Confederation and later the U.S. Constitution.
Slavery in the united states
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 until 1865, primarily in the Southern states. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million slaves out of a total US population of 12 million, most held by large plantation owners. Slaves endured cruel treatment and inhumane conditions, and an internal slave trade developed that forcibly relocated over 1 million slaves for economic reasons. Abolitionist movements led by figures like Douglass and Beecher Stowe grew in the Northern states, increasing sectional tensions, while the Dred Scott decision of 1857 upheld slavery. The system was finally abolished after the Union victory in the Civil War.
American revolution powerpoint 8
The American Revolution began as a result of growing tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain. Key events led to the outbreak of war in 1775, including several Acts passed by the British Parliament that taxed the colonies without representation. In response, colonists organized protests and boycotts of British goods. The Declaration of Independence was issued in 1776, declaring the colonies independent states no longer under British rule. The American Revolutionary War ensued as the newly formed American forces fought the British for independence.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the Triangular Trade
The triangular trade involved three stages: 1) European traders brought goods to Africa and traded for slaves. 2) Slaves were then transported to the Americas through the grueling Middle Passage. 3) Goods produced by slaves in the Americas, such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco, were brought back to Europe for sale, completing the triangle.
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This document provides an overview of slavery and the Old South from the early 1800s through the Civil War era. Some key points:
- By 1860, there were over 4 million slaves in the US, concentrated primarily in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South where they made up around half the population. The slave population had grown dramatically since the initial importation of 20 Africans in the early 1600s.
- The economy of the Old South was deeply dependent on slavery and the cultivation of cotton, known as "King Cotton." The South produced most of the world's cotton supply, which was the United States' most valuable export.
- Slavery shaped every aspect of Southern society, which was
Atlantic Slave Trade - Reasons for slave punishment
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Life as a Slave
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Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
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Atlantic Slave Trade - Reasons for slave punishment
Owners would punish slaves to encourage better work habits and obedience. Punishments were used to deter poor work, rule-breaking, and rebellion. Some slaves were punished severely, such as being beaten until their bones broke, for minor infractions. Overall, punishments were used to control slaves through fear and division.
Life as a Slave
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Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Triangular trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route that developed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the 16th-18th centuries. It explains that as disease killed many Native Americans, colonists relied increasingly on African slaves to work plantations producing goods like sugar. The Portuguese first established large sugar plantations in Brazil using slave labor. This led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade, with slaves transported from Africa to the Americas to work on plantations cultivating crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were then shipped back to Europe, enriching those involved and establishing the triangular trade route.
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- It divides the colonies into 3 geographic regions: New England (4 colonies), Middle (4 colonies), and Southern (5 colonies) and summarizes the economy, climate, resources, and population of each region.
- It then provides 1-2 paragraphs on each individual colony, summarizing their founding date and people, economy, resources, and religion.
- Additional sections summarize the economies, climates, resources, populations, and religions of the colonies overall.
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Slavery has existed throughout much of recorded human history. The transatlantic slave trade began in the 16th century, bringing millions of Africans to the Americas to work on plantations. While conditions were brutal and inhumane, enslaved people maintained strong family and community bonds, cultural traditions, and religion. The abolition movement and Civil War ultimately led to the end of slavery in the United States in 1865 with the 13th amendment, though discrimination continued.
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The Scramble For Africa
The Scramble for Africa began with increased European exploration and competition for trade and resources in Africa in the late 1800s. King Leopold II of Belgium wanted to "civilize" Africa but was really interested in its resources, establishing the Congo Free State and imposing brutal forced labor. The French took control of Algeria and built the Suez Canal, while the British viewed the canal as essential and established Egypt as a protectorate. Africans' rights decreased as they faced apartheid in South Africa and were forced into labor, with some resisting through leaders like Samouri Toure and Menelik II of Ethiopia.
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The document discusses the process of imperialism between 1875-1900, where European powers rapidly expanded their political and economic control over Africa and Asia. Key factors driving imperialism included nationalism, industrialization, a belief in the superiority of European civilization, and competition between European nations for global influence. During this period, European control of Africa increased from 10% to 90% of the continent. The Berlin Conference of 1884 essentially divided Africa among European powers without African representation, laying the groundwork for modern political issues.
Latin American Indpendence movements
The document discusses independence movements in Latin America influenced by the American and French Revolutions in the late 1700s. It summarizes that Toussaint L'Ouverture led the Haitian revolution which abolished slavery and established independence, while figures like Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar led revolutions against Spanish rule in Mexico and South America respectively. The Monroe Doctrine is also summarized, establishing U.S. opposition to future European colonization in the Americas.
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During the late 19th century, powerful European nations and imperial powers like Great Britain, France, and Germany colonized much of Africa and Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets, and national prestige through building overseas empires. This period of imperial expansion, known as the Age of Imperialism, saw European powers divide up Africa at the Berlin Conference without input from Africans. Resistance to imperialism emerged from colonized peoples in places like South Africa, India, and China, but European military superiority allowed them to maintain control over most colonized territories by 1914.
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The document discusses the campaign against the slave trade in Britain. It notes that the slave trade was opposed by many for moral, religious, and economic reasons. Various tactics were used to end the trade, including forming abolitionist groups, publishing literature, public meetings, boycotts, and legal challenges. Key figures who fought for the abolition of the slave trade included William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson, Olaudah Equiano, John Newton, Hannah More, and Granville Sharp.
Example National 5 History questions - How fully?
Source A provides a brief overview of the changing role of women during World War 1, noting that as men left for war, women increasingly took their places in industry, performing dangerous munitions work. It also mentions women working in transportation to keep systems running and taking on family responsibilities with many men away. However, it does not go into detail about the specific jobs women undertook or fully describe the scope of how their roles changed.
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The document summarizes the rise and growth of the British colonial empire from the 16th century until the late 19th century. It details how England established colonies in North America and exploited the slave trade to develop prosperous plantations. England also came to dominate trade in India, defeating French and Dutch rivals. At its peak, the British Empire spanned the globe and was the largest empire in world history.
Transatlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War occurred between 1846 and 1848 and was caused by American overpopulation of Mexican lands and Mexico's failure to uphold contracts with the United States. President James K. Polk wanted the war to justify taking Mexican lands to fulfill Manifest Destiny and prevent European colonization. The war doubled the size of the United States and resulted in the Mexican Cession, giving the U.S. new lands and Mexicans American citizenship, but also reignited domestic issues over slavery and caused turmoil in Mexico.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - Reasons for slave punishment
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The 1944 Education Act aimed to improve education access and outcomes in Britain. It raised the compulsory school leaving age to 15, providing all children a minimum of secondary education. At age 11, children took an exam that determined if they attended an academic-focused senior secondary school or trades-focused junior secondary school. However, the exam system was criticized for penalizing poorer students and determining children's futures too early. Labour also introduced new school buildings to replace those damaged in war and accommodate growing student populations, though secondary schools remained outdated in many areas.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health
The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Housing
The New Towns Act of 1946 aimed to tackle overcrowding and improve housing conditions in Britain by building new towns with homes. 14 new towns were established by 1951, moving people from city slums to new communities built in the countryside. However, these new towns initially lacked jobs and local facilities, requiring long commutes. Additionally, while the government set targets to build over 1 million new homes by 1951, housing shortages remained an issue as only around 800,000 new houses were completed. Prefabricated housing provided a temporary solution to the shortage but was meant to last only 10 years though many prefab homes stood for decades.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
The Family Allowances Act of 1946 provided weekly payments to mothers with two or more children to help families struggling financially, especially those where fathers had died in war. However, it did not help families with only one child and payments stopped at age 18. The National Insurance Act of 1946 built on previous acts to provide benefits like sickness, unemployment, old age pensions and other benefits by requiring weekly contributions from working-age people. However, the poorest still struggled to pay and the National Assistance Act of 1948 provided additional financial help for these individuals. Studies in York in 1936 and 1950 showed poverty levels falling from 36% to only 2% due to these welfare programs but benefits did not always keep up with inflation.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Unemployment
The Labour government nationalized several key industries like coal mining, steel production, electricity, and railways between 1946-1948. This was done to ensure these important industries were controlled by the country rather than private companies. Owners were compensated for the nationalized industries. Nationalization allowed the government to use tax money to fund unprofitable businesses and increase apprenticeships to reduce unemployment. However, nationalization was very costly and this high cost reduced funds available for other issues. Labour also introduced policies aimed at improving working conditions for workers through measures like paid holidays and secure jobs at docks. While some workers saw higher wages and better conditions, it may have discouraged companies from hiring more employees as it increased costs. Labour's home
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- 2. LEARNING INTENTIONS • Explain reasons why slave resistance was sometimes successful • Explain reasons why slave resistance was not always successful
- 3. Slaves fought back against their owners and captors in different ways. However, was this resistance always effective?
- 4. Slave resistance took many different forms. Passive resistance included being late for work, working slowly or pretending to not understand owners. Active resistance included attacking owners, damaging crops or running away.
- 5. The success of slave resistance was generally based on two issues: • Reduced profits for the owner • Better treatment for the slaves
- 6. Reduced profits An owner’s main priority was to make as much money as possible. By working less, running away, damaging crops or other actions, slave owners would lose money.
- 7. Better treatment Owners did not want to lose money or feel unsafe. Some owners did improve their treatment of slaves, based on their resistance. Others felt it was easier to use workers, not slaves.
- 8. Slave resistance was not always effective, for many reasons, including: • Threat of punishment • Chance of worse treatment • Slave hunters • Location • Divisions between slaves • Stronger owners
- 9. Threat of punishment Many slaves would not rebel because of the threat of punishment. They knew that anyone caught rebelling faced serious consequences, including whipping or even death.
- 10. Chance of worse treatment Other slaves did not rebel because they thought it would make life worse. They believed that even if they were not specifically punished, the owner might treat all slaves worse e.g. more work.
- 11. Slave hunters Slave owners offered rewards which encouraged groups of slave hunters to track escaped slaves. Most escaped slaves were eventually recaptured – and then punished.
- 12. Location problems Running away was difficult for slaves in the Caribbean because it was hard to escape from the islands. Slaves did not have access to boats and so were likely to eventually be caught.
- 13. Divisions between slaves Slave rebellion also failed because of divisions between different slaves. Some slaves had extra privileges and did not want to lose these, so would not support rebellion, or even warn the owner.
- 14. Stronger owners Unlike slaves, owners had weapons (such as guns) and so resistance might lead to death. Also owners had better diets and lives so might be stronger and better able to fight.
- 15. Ultimately slave resistance had limited impact. This is best shown in the fact that the trade continued for hundreds of years, showing it remained very profitable for owners.