Anti Asthmatics Drugs and Pharmacotherapy of Asthma
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Anti Asthmatic drugs and classification , classification of asthmatic drugs , Drugs acting on the respiratory tract, Pharmacotherapy of Asthma , Asthma and Anti asthmatic drugs.
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Anti asthmatic drugs ppt
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Treatment approaches include preventing antigen exposure, reducing inflammation, blocking mediators, and dilating airways. Main drug classes used are bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergics; leukotriene antagonists; mast cell stabilizers; inhaled and systemic corticosteroids; and anti-IgE antibodies for severe cases. Medications work by various mechanisms like increasing cAMP, blocking receptors, or inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Choice of treatment depends on severity and goals of management.
Antidiarrhoeal agent
1. Diarrhea results from an imbalance of fluid and electrolyte secretion and reabsorption in the gut and can be caused by infection, motility disorders, IBS, or secretory tumors.
2. Oral rehydration therapy with a glucose-electrolyte solution is the first priority to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, especially for mild to moderate diarrhea.
3. Drugs may also be used such as antimotility drugs like opioids, antispasmodics like anticholinergics, and anti-infectives depending on the cause of diarrhea.
Expectorants and anti tussives
Expectorants ,antitussives ,antihistamines ,opioids ,cough ,drugs for cough ,mucokinetics ,mucolytics ,respiratory system drugs
Drugs used in constipation & diarrhoea
Constipation is a comdition which causes difficulty in ecretion of feaces, less than three bowel in a week. the drugs that are used to treat constipation are cathartics.
Diarrhoea is a condition of excretion of loose stool and water equal or more than three bowel movement in a day. it is of three types, acute, dysentry, chronic diarrrhoea. may caused by bacteria E.coli, and Rotavirus in children. drugs used to treat are called anti diarrhoeal drugs.
Histamines
This document discusses histamine, an amine that acts as a chemical messenger in many cellular responses. It is released from mast cells and basophils during allergic reactions and causes symptoms like congestion and itching. Antihistamines block the H1 receptor to reduce these symptoms. H2 blockers inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking the H2 receptor. Research continues on the roles and potential drug targets of other histamine receptors like H3, H4, and ligands that may treat conditions like sleep disorders, pruritus, and autoimmune disease.
Cough suppressants & expectorants
This document discusses cough suppressants and expectorants. It describes how cough is either productive in expelling secretions or nonproductive and should be suppressed. It then covers the mechanisms of cough and different types of drugs used to treat cough, including demulcents, expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, and antihistamines. The main classes of drugs are described along with their mechanisms of action and side effects.
Antihistamine
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It works by binding to H1 receptors, especially in the nose, lungs, and skin. Antihistamines block this binding and relieve allergy symptoms. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness by crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation drugs like loratadine and fexofenadine mainly work in the periphery and have fewer side effects. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, nausea, motion sickness, and other issues involving the H1 receptor.
Histamine and antihistaminics
This document discusses histamine and antihistamines. It begins by introducing histamine, describing its discovery and roles in allergic reactions and as a neurotransmitter. It then covers histamine's chemistry, distribution in the body, synthesis, storage, and metabolism. The document discusses the four types of histamine receptors (H1-H4) and histamine's pharmacological effects. It also provides details on antihistamines, including their pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, side effects, and classifications of first versus second generation antihistamines. The document concludes by mentioning clinical uses of histamine and antihistamines for conditions like allergies and gastric hypersecretions.
Recommended
Anti asthmatic drugs ppt
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Treatment approaches include preventing antigen exposure, reducing inflammation, blocking mediators, and dilating airways. Main drug classes used are bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergics; leukotriene antagonists; mast cell stabilizers; inhaled and systemic corticosteroids; and anti-IgE antibodies for severe cases. Medications work by various mechanisms like increasing cAMP, blocking receptors, or inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Choice of treatment depends on severity and goals of management.
Antidiarrhoeal agent
1. Diarrhea results from an imbalance of fluid and electrolyte secretion and reabsorption in the gut and can be caused by infection, motility disorders, IBS, or secretory tumors.
2. Oral rehydration therapy with a glucose-electrolyte solution is the first priority to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, especially for mild to moderate diarrhea.
3. Drugs may also be used such as antimotility drugs like opioids, antispasmodics like anticholinergics, and anti-infectives depending on the cause of diarrhea.
Expectorants and anti tussives
Expectorants ,antitussives ,antihistamines ,opioids ,cough ,drugs for cough ,mucokinetics ,mucolytics ,respiratory system drugs
Drugs used in constipation & diarrhoea
Constipation is a comdition which causes difficulty in ecretion of feaces, less than three bowel in a week. the drugs that are used to treat constipation are cathartics.
Diarrhoea is a condition of excretion of loose stool and water equal or more than three bowel movement in a day. it is of three types, acute, dysentry, chronic diarrrhoea. may caused by bacteria E.coli, and Rotavirus in children. drugs used to treat are called anti diarrhoeal drugs.
Histamines
This document discusses histamine, an amine that acts as a chemical messenger in many cellular responses. It is released from mast cells and basophils during allergic reactions and causes symptoms like congestion and itching. Antihistamines block the H1 receptor to reduce these symptoms. H2 blockers inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking the H2 receptor. Research continues on the roles and potential drug targets of other histamine receptors like H3, H4, and ligands that may treat conditions like sleep disorders, pruritus, and autoimmune disease.
Cough suppressants & expectorants
This document discusses cough suppressants and expectorants. It describes how cough is either productive in expelling secretions or nonproductive and should be suppressed. It then covers the mechanisms of cough and different types of drugs used to treat cough, including demulcents, expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, and antihistamines. The main classes of drugs are described along with their mechanisms of action and side effects.
Antihistamine
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It works by binding to H1 receptors, especially in the nose, lungs, and skin. Antihistamines block this binding and relieve allergy symptoms. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness by crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation drugs like loratadine and fexofenadine mainly work in the periphery and have fewer side effects. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, nausea, motion sickness, and other issues involving the H1 receptor.
Histamine and antihistaminics
This document discusses histamine and antihistamines. It begins by introducing histamine, describing its discovery and roles in allergic reactions and as a neurotransmitter. It then covers histamine's chemistry, distribution in the body, synthesis, storage, and metabolism. The document discusses the four types of histamine receptors (H1-H4) and histamine's pharmacological effects. It also provides details on antihistamines, including their pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, side effects, and classifications of first versus second generation antihistamines. The document concludes by mentioning clinical uses of histamine and antihistamines for conditions like allergies and gastric hypersecretions.
Anti ulcer, anti-emetic and prokinetics
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Drugs for diarrhoea & constipation
A ppt presentation on drugs used to treat diarrhoea and constipation, meant for AIMST yr 2 MBBS students
Antiasthmetic drug
This document discusses asthma, including its pathogenesis, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. It involves inflammation caused by various cells and mediators that leads to reversible airway obstruction. Treatment includes short-acting bronchodilators for acute attacks and long-term controllers like inhaled corticosteroids to prevent symptoms and exacerbations. Proper management requires education, monitoring, and follow-up according to guidelines.
Anticholinergic drugs by. shuaib
Anticholinergic drugs block the effects of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors. They are divided into muscarinic and nicotinic subgroups based on receptor affinity. Muscarinic receptors include M1-M5 subtypes, while nicotinic receptors are classified as neuronal or neuromuscular. Common natural anticholinergics include atropine and scopolamine. Atropine is the prototypical muscarinic antagonist and is used to treat conditions like COPD, motion sickness, and organophosphate poisoning. Ganglion blockers like hexamethonium competitively block nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia.
Asthma and antiasthmatics
Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. It has various etiologies and types based on clinical features. The document discusses the pathophysiology and classification of drugs used to treat asthma including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE antibody. Treatment approaches for acute severe asthma involving nebulized bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids and monitoring are also outlined.
5-Hydroxytrptamine & it's Antagonist
5-Hydroxytryptamine & it’s Antagonist is a Topic in Pharmacology which will defiantly Help You in pharmacy field All information is related to pharmacology drug acting and it's effect on body. it is collage project given by our department i would like to share with you.
Anti Asthmatic drugs.pptx
This document discusses anti-asthmatic drugs. It defines asthma as a condition where the airways become inflamed, narrow and produce excess mucus, making breathing difficult. It then classifies and describes the mechanisms and adverse effects of major classes of anti-asthmatic drugs, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, and anti-IgE antibodies. The drugs provide relief from asthma by relaxing airway smooth muscle, inhibiting inflammation, blocking leukotriene receptors, stabilizing mast cells or binding free IgE to prevent mast cell activation. Common side effects include headaches, nausea, dry mouth and abdominal pain.
Pharmacology - Immunosupressants
Immunosuppressants are used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs and treat autoimmune diseases by suppressing the immune system. They work through various mechanisms such as inhibiting cytokine production, disrupting lymphocyte proliferation, or blocking T-cell surface molecules. Common immunosuppressants include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, antiproliferatives like azathioprine and mycophenolate, mTOR inhibitors like sirolimus, and antibodies against T-cells. While effective at preventing rejection, immunosuppressants can cause adverse effects like nephrotoxicity, infections, hypertension, and diabetes due to their impairment of the immune system.
Dapson
Dapsone is a sulfone antibiotic synthesized in 1908 that is used to treat leprosy and other conditions. It works by inhibiting the biosynthesis of folate. Dapsone began being used to treat leprosy in 1945 and is included on the WHO's list of essential medicines. It is commonly used in combination with other drugs in multiple drug therapy (MDT) for leprosy. Dapsone is absorbed and distributed throughout the body, metabolized in the liver, and eliminated through urine and feces. Common side effects include mild anemia, rashes, and nausea. Recent developments include a topical gel formulation for acne.
GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
OXYTOCIN, ERGOT ALKALOIDS
&
UTERINE RELAXARS
Uterine stimulants (uterotonics) are medications given to cause a woman's uterus to contract, or to increase the frequency and intensity of the contractions. These drugs are used to induce (start) or augment (speed) labor; facilitate uterine contractions following a miscarriage; induce abortion; or reduce hemorrhage following childbirth or abortion.
“Tocolytic Drugs”
Relax the uterus and arrest threatened abortion or delay premature labor.
Histamine
Histamine is a biogenic amine found in many tissues that is involved in allergic and inflammatory processes as well as gastric acid secretion and neurotransmission. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils and released during allergic reactions. Histamine exerts its effects through four receptor subtypes (H1-H4), with H1 and H2 receptors having drugs that target them clinically. H1 receptor antagonists are used to treat allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and motion sickness, while H2 receptor antagonists suppress gastric acid secretion. New drugs targeting H3 and H4 receptors may provide treatments for neurological and inflammatory conditions, respectively.
Cough & Asthma; Pharmacotherapy
1. The document discusses various treatments for cough, asthma, and status asthmaticus. It outlines medications commonly used for their mucolytic, antitussive, bronchodilating, and anti-inflammatory effects such as bromhexine, carbocisteine, codeine, salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, and corticosteroids.
2. Asthma types and triggers are defined. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests and management involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Treatment selection is based on asthma severity and control.
3. Status asthmaticus is described as a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment including oxygen, nebulized bronch
Fibrinolytics & antiplatelets
This document summarizes fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs. It describes the fibrinolytic system and how fibrinolytics like streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase work to activate plasminogen and lyse clots. Newer fibrinolytics like reteplase and tenecteplase are discussed. Antiplatelet drugs discussed include aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, abciximab and how they inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking TXA2 synthesis, increasing cAMP, or blocking ADP/GP-IIb-IIIa receptors. Their uses for coronary artery disease and procedures are highlighted.
Drugs for constipation and diarrhea
Drugs for constipation and diarrhea, classification, bulk forming, stool softner, stimulant purgatives, osmotic purgatives, rehydration, oral rehydration soltion, ORS, probiotics, non specific antidiarrhoeal agents, absorbants, antisecretory, antimotility.
Antiulcer
The document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It begins by describing peptic ulcers and the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors that can lead to their development. It then covers the classes of anti-ulcer drugs, including H2 blockers that reduce acid secretion, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, and antacids. Sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate are also covered as ulcer protective drugs. Diagnostic tests for ulcers like endoscopy and barium meal are mentioned. The goal of anti-ulcer treatment is outlined as relieving pain, promoting healing, preventing complications, and reducing relapse.
Adrenergic drugs - pharmacology
Adrenergic agonists and antagonists act on adrenergic receptors. Agonists like epinephrine and norepinephrine directly stimulate receptors, whereas antagonists like prazosin competitively block receptor activation. These drugs have widespread effects throughout the body due to the sympathetic nervous system's role in functions like heart rate, blood pressure, bronchodilation and uterine contraction. Care must be taken with certain drugs that can cause severe side effects like hypotension or bronchospasm.
Cholinergic agonists
This document discusses cholinergic agonists and their mechanisms of action. It describes how acetylcholine is synthesized and metabolized by cholinesterase. It outlines the two main types of cholinergic receptors - muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors have subtypes that mediate various effects in the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and exocrine glands. Nicotinic receptors are located at autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction. Some cholinergic drugs like pilocarpine are used clinically for their effects on muscarinic receptors in the eye.
Anti adrenergic drugs
Adrenergic blockers work by binding to adrenergic receptors and preventing the action of adrenergic drugs. They can block alpha receptors, beta receptors, or both. Alpha blockers are classified as non-selective or selective. Prazosin is a highly selective alpha-1 blocker used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Beta blockers decrease heart rate, contraction force and blood pressure. They are used to treat hypertension, angina, arrhythmias and other conditions. Labetalol blocks both alpha-1 and beta receptors and is used to treat hypertension and hypertensive emergencies.
Seretonin (5HT) and Its Antagonists Pharmacology
Serotonin is a chemical that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is sometimes called the happy chemical, because it contributes to wellbeing and happiness.
The scientific name for serotonin is 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels, and blood platelets.
Serotonin is used to transmit messages between nerve cells, it is thought to be active in constricting smooth muscles, and it contributes to wellbeing and happiness, among other things. As the precursor for melatonin, it helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycles and the internal clock.
It is thought to play a role in appetite, the emotions, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic functions. However, it is not known exactly if serotonin affects these directly, or if it has an overall role in co-ordinating the nervous system.
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Intrinsic asthma
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Asthma pharmacology and recent advances
This document provides an overview of bronchial asthma including its definition, history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, treatment and recent advances. It defines bronchial asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disease causing periodic airway constriction and reversible symptoms. It discusses the epidemiology of asthma globally and risk factors. It covers diagnostic tests, classification of asthma severity, pharmacological treatment including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists and recent drugs.
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A ppt presentation on drugs used to treat diarrhoea and constipation, meant for AIMST yr 2 MBBS students
Antiasthmetic drug
This document discusses asthma, including its pathogenesis, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. It involves inflammation caused by various cells and mediators that leads to reversible airway obstruction. Treatment includes short-acting bronchodilators for acute attacks and long-term controllers like inhaled corticosteroids to prevent symptoms and exacerbations. Proper management requires education, monitoring, and follow-up according to guidelines.
Anticholinergic drugs by. shuaib
Anticholinergic drugs block the effects of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors. They are divided into muscarinic and nicotinic subgroups based on receptor affinity. Muscarinic receptors include M1-M5 subtypes, while nicotinic receptors are classified as neuronal or neuromuscular. Common natural anticholinergics include atropine and scopolamine. Atropine is the prototypical muscarinic antagonist and is used to treat conditions like COPD, motion sickness, and organophosphate poisoning. Ganglion blockers like hexamethonium competitively block nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia.
Asthma and antiasthmatics
Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. It has various etiologies and types based on clinical features. The document discusses the pathophysiology and classification of drugs used to treat asthma including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE antibody. Treatment approaches for acute severe asthma involving nebulized bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids and monitoring are also outlined.
5-Hydroxytrptamine & it's Antagonist
5-Hydroxytryptamine & it’s Antagonist is a Topic in Pharmacology which will defiantly Help You in pharmacy field All information is related to pharmacology drug acting and it's effect on body. it is collage project given by our department i would like to share with you.
Anti Asthmatic drugs.pptx
This document discusses anti-asthmatic drugs. It defines asthma as a condition where the airways become inflamed, narrow and produce excess mucus, making breathing difficult. It then classifies and describes the mechanisms and adverse effects of major classes of anti-asthmatic drugs, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, and anti-IgE antibodies. The drugs provide relief from asthma by relaxing airway smooth muscle, inhibiting inflammation, blocking leukotriene receptors, stabilizing mast cells or binding free IgE to prevent mast cell activation. Common side effects include headaches, nausea, dry mouth and abdominal pain.
Pharmacology - Immunosupressants
Immunosuppressants are used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs and treat autoimmune diseases by suppressing the immune system. They work through various mechanisms such as inhibiting cytokine production, disrupting lymphocyte proliferation, or blocking T-cell surface molecules. Common immunosuppressants include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, antiproliferatives like azathioprine and mycophenolate, mTOR inhibitors like sirolimus, and antibodies against T-cells. While effective at preventing rejection, immunosuppressants can cause adverse effects like nephrotoxicity, infections, hypertension, and diabetes due to their impairment of the immune system.
Dapson
Dapsone is a sulfone antibiotic synthesized in 1908 that is used to treat leprosy and other conditions. It works by inhibiting the biosynthesis of folate. Dapsone began being used to treat leprosy in 1945 and is included on the WHO's list of essential medicines. It is commonly used in combination with other drugs in multiple drug therapy (MDT) for leprosy. Dapsone is absorbed and distributed throughout the body, metabolized in the liver, and eliminated through urine and feces. Common side effects include mild anemia, rashes, and nausea. Recent developments include a topical gel formulation for acne.
GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
OXYTOCIN, ERGOT ALKALOIDS
&
UTERINE RELAXARS
Uterine stimulants (uterotonics) are medications given to cause a woman's uterus to contract, or to increase the frequency and intensity of the contractions. These drugs are used to induce (start) or augment (speed) labor; facilitate uterine contractions following a miscarriage; induce abortion; or reduce hemorrhage following childbirth or abortion.
“Tocolytic Drugs”
Relax the uterus and arrest threatened abortion or delay premature labor.
Histamine
Histamine is a biogenic amine found in many tissues that is involved in allergic and inflammatory processes as well as gastric acid secretion and neurotransmission. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils and released during allergic reactions. Histamine exerts its effects through four receptor subtypes (H1-H4), with H1 and H2 receptors having drugs that target them clinically. H1 receptor antagonists are used to treat allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and motion sickness, while H2 receptor antagonists suppress gastric acid secretion. New drugs targeting H3 and H4 receptors may provide treatments for neurological and inflammatory conditions, respectively.
Cough & Asthma; Pharmacotherapy
1. The document discusses various treatments for cough, asthma, and status asthmaticus. It outlines medications commonly used for their mucolytic, antitussive, bronchodilating, and anti-inflammatory effects such as bromhexine, carbocisteine, codeine, salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, and corticosteroids.
2. Asthma types and triggers are defined. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests and management involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Treatment selection is based on asthma severity and control.
3. Status asthmaticus is described as a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment including oxygen, nebulized bronch
Fibrinolytics & antiplatelets
This document summarizes fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs. It describes the fibrinolytic system and how fibrinolytics like streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase work to activate plasminogen and lyse clots. Newer fibrinolytics like reteplase and tenecteplase are discussed. Antiplatelet drugs discussed include aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, abciximab and how they inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking TXA2 synthesis, increasing cAMP, or blocking ADP/GP-IIb-IIIa receptors. Their uses for coronary artery disease and procedures are highlighted.
Drugs for constipation and diarrhea
Drugs for constipation and diarrhea, classification, bulk forming, stool softner, stimulant purgatives, osmotic purgatives, rehydration, oral rehydration soltion, ORS, probiotics, non specific antidiarrhoeal agents, absorbants, antisecretory, antimotility.
Antiulcer
The document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It begins by describing peptic ulcers and the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors that can lead to their development. It then covers the classes of anti-ulcer drugs, including H2 blockers that reduce acid secretion, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, and antacids. Sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate are also covered as ulcer protective drugs. Diagnostic tests for ulcers like endoscopy and barium meal are mentioned. The goal of anti-ulcer treatment is outlined as relieving pain, promoting healing, preventing complications, and reducing relapse.
Adrenergic drugs - pharmacology
Adrenergic agonists and antagonists act on adrenergic receptors. Agonists like epinephrine and norepinephrine directly stimulate receptors, whereas antagonists like prazosin competitively block receptor activation. These drugs have widespread effects throughout the body due to the sympathetic nervous system's role in functions like heart rate, blood pressure, bronchodilation and uterine contraction. Care must be taken with certain drugs that can cause severe side effects like hypotension or bronchospasm.
Cholinergic agonists
This document discusses cholinergic agonists and their mechanisms of action. It describes how acetylcholine is synthesized and metabolized by cholinesterase. It outlines the two main types of cholinergic receptors - muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors have subtypes that mediate various effects in the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and exocrine glands. Nicotinic receptors are located at autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction. Some cholinergic drugs like pilocarpine are used clinically for their effects on muscarinic receptors in the eye.
Anti adrenergic drugs
Adrenergic blockers work by binding to adrenergic receptors and preventing the action of adrenergic drugs. They can block alpha receptors, beta receptors, or both. Alpha blockers are classified as non-selective or selective. Prazosin is a highly selective alpha-1 blocker used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Beta blockers decrease heart rate, contraction force and blood pressure. They are used to treat hypertension, angina, arrhythmias and other conditions. Labetalol blocks both alpha-1 and beta receptors and is used to treat hypertension and hypertensive emergencies.
Seretonin (5HT) and Its Antagonists Pharmacology
Serotonin is a chemical that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is sometimes called the happy chemical, because it contributes to wellbeing and happiness.
The scientific name for serotonin is 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels, and blood platelets.
Serotonin is used to transmit messages between nerve cells, it is thought to be active in constricting smooth muscles, and it contributes to wellbeing and happiness, among other things. As the precursor for melatonin, it helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycles and the internal clock.
It is thought to play a role in appetite, the emotions, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic functions. However, it is not known exactly if serotonin affects these directly, or if it has an overall role in co-ordinating the nervous system.
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This document provides an overview of the pharmacology of drugs used to treat asthma. It discusses the pathogenesis of asthma and the role of inflammation. It describes the classes of drugs used including beta-agonists, methylxanthines, corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, anticholinergics, and cromolyn sodium. Beta-agonists are the most widely used for rapid relief of bronchospasm. Inhaled corticosteroids are effective anti-inflammatory agents and the mainstay of long-term control. Leukotriene modifiers and methylxanthines are also used but have greater side effects.
Mucolytics,Decongestants,Expectorants,Antitussives & Bronchodialators.pptx
This document summarizes different types of drugs used to treat cough, including demulcents, expectorants, mucolytics, and antitussives. Demulcents soothe the throat to reduce coughing, while expectorants aim to loosen mucus and make it easier to cough up. Mucolytics work to break down mucus in the airways. Antitussives suppress coughing by acting on the cough center in the brain or peripherally in the respiratory tract. Examples of commonly used drugs from each class are provided, along with their mechanisms of action and dosages.
pharmacothrapy of asthma.pptxBronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory diseas...
pharmacothrapy of asthma.pptxBronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory diseas...AbhishekKumarGupta86
pharmacotherpy of asthma M pharm 2nd sem.
Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of airways in the lungs, which cause difficulty in breathing.
Symptoms can include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness. These symptoms can be mild or severe and can come and go over time.
Although asthma can be a serious condition, it can be managed with the right treatment.
Asthma affected an estimated 262 million people in 2019 (1) and caused 455 000 deaths.
Anti Asthmatics, Pharmacology by Dr. Baqir Raza Naqvi.pptx
Anti Asthmatics, Asthma pathophysiology , Salbutamol, Aminophylline , Theophylline , beta agonist , Respiratory System , Bronchitis , Montelukast , Omalizumab , Corticosteroids , Dexamethasone , Cromolyn , Albuterol , Salmeterol , SABA/LABA , ASTHMA , Healthcare , Health and Medicines , Pharmacology & Therapeutics-I (Pharm D)
OTC Medications - Cough
- Coughing is a protective reflex action that aims to clear irritants from the airway. Most coughs are caused by viral upper respiratory tract infections and will improve on their own within a few days.
- Coughs can be classified as productive (with sputum) or unproductive (dry). Productive coughs may indicate bacterial infection. Coughs lasting over 2 weeks should be referred to a doctor.
- Treatment depends on cough type but includes suppressants for dry coughs and expectorants for productive coughs. Demulcents soothe the throat. While evidence for efficacy is limited, cough remedies provide relief for many through placebo effect.
59292911-Pharmacology-Respiratory-Drugs.ppt
This document discusses various drugs used to treat respiratory conditions. It describes antihistamines which block histamine and relieve allergy symptoms, antitussives which suppress cough, and drugs for COPD like bronchodilators and inhaled steroids. Bronchodilators such as sympathomimetics and xanthines work to dilate airways, while mucolytics and expectorants help clear mucus. Precautions, mechanisms of action, effects, and nursing considerations are provided for each drug class.
drugs for treatments of bronchial asthma
This document discusses drugs used to treat bronchial asthma. It begins by defining bronchial asthma and describing its symptoms. It then categorizes asthma based on etiology and clinical condition. The document outlines several drug classes used to treat asthma, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, and anti-IgE antibody. It provides examples of drugs in each class and describes their mechanisms of action and uses.
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Anti Asthmatics Drugs and Pharmacotherapy of Asthma
- 2. • These are the class of medication use in the treatment of Bronchial Asthma a disease ofrespiratory systemn. • They are medications called • Drugs acting on Respiratory system. • Thus, Antiasthmatic drugs are medicines that treat or prevent asthma attacks.
- 3. WHAT IS ? • Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. • This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.
- 4. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA • Bronchial asthma is a medical condition which causes the airway path of lungs to swell and narrow. • Due to this swelling, the air path produces excess mucus making it hard to breathe, which results in coughing, short breath, wheezing. • The disease is chronic and interferes with daily working.
- 5. DRUGS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA Bronchodilators Leukotriene antagonist Mast cell stabilizers Corticostiroids Anti-IgE antibody
- 6. ANTI-ASTHMATIC DRUGS • 1. BROCHODILATORS • Salbutamol • Terbutaline • Bambuterol • Salmeterol • Formoterol • Ephedrine
- 7. 1.BROCHODILATORS LONG ACTING SHORT ACTING • Salmeterol Salbutamol • Formoterol Terbutaline • Carmoterol Pirbuterol • Olodaterol Bitolterol • Indacterol Fenoterol Procaterol
- 8. 1. BROCHODILATORS • Theophylline (anhydrous) • Aminophylline • Choline theophyllinate • Hydroxy-ethyl theophylline • Doxophylline • Theophylline ethanolate of piperazine
- 9. 1.BROCHODILATORS • Ipratropium bromide • Tiotropium bromide • It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. • To treat asthma chronic attack. Nebulizer Inhaler
- 10. 2. LEUKOTRIENE ANTAGONIST • Montelukast • Zafirlukast • Pranlukast • 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors • Zileuton • Hypericum perforatum
- 11. 3. MAST CELL STABILEZERS • Prevent the degranulation of mast cells by trigger stimuli. • These are indicated only for prophylaxis of bronchial asthma • These are given by • INHALATIONAL ROUTE • Sodium cromoglycate • Ketotifen • Methylxanthines • nedocromil
- 12. 4. DRUGS INHIBITING IgE ACTION • Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IgE • It is indicated to prevent the attack of bronchial asthma in patients not responding to combination of long acting β2 agonist and a high dose of inhalational steroid. • It is administered by subcutanious (S.C)route
- 13. 5. • a) Systemic : • Hydrocortisone • Prednisolone • b) Inhalation • Beclomethasone • Budesonide • Flunisolide • Ciclesonide
- 14. DRUG OF CHOICE • Condition Drug of choice Bronchial asthma • acute attack - Salbutamol • acute attack in pregnancy - Salbutamol • acute attack during labour - Ipratropium • acute attack in patients - β-blocker • therapy - Ipratropium • prophylaxis - Corticosteroids
- 15. DRUG OF CHOICE • Exercise induced Asthma • acute attack - Salbutamol • prophylaxis - Corticosteroids • Aspirin-induced Asthma • acute attack - Salbutamol • prophylaxis - Corticosteroids