The document is an assignment submission for a data communication course. It includes definitions of key computer components like the CPU, GPU, RAM, and storage. It explains that a computer receives input through devices, processes data based on instructions, and outputs the results. Hardware is the physical machine while software is instructions that direct the hardware. Components like the motherboard, CPU, and RAM work together to process and store information.

1. Assignment- 01
Course Title: Data Communication
Course Code: CSE 313
Submitted To:
Pranob Nath Bandhu
Lecturer
City University
Khagan, Savar, Dhaka.
Submitted By:
Md.Rasel Kabir Raju
ID: 1834902202
Batch: 49th
Program: CSE
Submission date:

2. What is Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logica
operations automatically. Modern computers can perform generic sets of operations known
as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. A computer
system is a "complete" computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software),
and peripheral equipment needed and used for "full" operation. This term may also refer to a
group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer
network or computer cluster.
The basic principle computer works
Based on the instructions given, a computer receives data through an input unit and sends it
back through an output system after it processes the data. The input devices of a computer are
used to get the input data.
Hardware:Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the
case, central processing unit (CPU), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage,
graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.By contrast, software is the set of
instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is
"hard" or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is "soft" because it is easy to
change.Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or
instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system,
although other systems exist with only hardware.
Software:Software is a collection of instructions and data that tell a computer how to
work. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs
the work. In computer science and software engineering, software is all information
processed by computer systems, including programs and data. Software includes programs,
libraries and related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media.
Software and hardware require each other and neither can be realistically used on their
own.At the lowest programming level, executable code consists of machine language
instructions supported by an individual processor—typically a central processing unit (CPU)
or a graphics processing unit (GPU). Machine language consists of groups of binary values
signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding
state. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location
in the computer—an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An instruction may also
invoke one of many input or output operations, for example displaying some text on a
computer screen; causing state changes which should be visible to the user. The processor
executes the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed to "jump" to a
different instruction, or is interrupted by the operating system. As of 2015, most personal

3. computers, smartphone devices and servers have processors with multiple execution units or
multiple processors performing computation together, and computing has become a much
more concurrent activity than in the past.
A Motherboard:A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, or
mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other
expandable
CPU:A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or
just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer
program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O)
operations specified by the instructions in the program. This contrasts with external
components such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized processors such as
graphics processing units (GPUs).
GPU:A GPU, or graphics processing unit, is a special stream processor used in computer
graphics hardware.
RAM:Random-access memory (RAM; /ræm/) is a form of computer memory that can be
read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code.A
random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same
amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory, in contrast
with other direct-access data storage media (such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the
older magnetic tapes and drum memory), where the time required to read and write data items
varies significantly depending on their physical locations on the recording medium, due to
mechanical limitations such as media rotation speeds and arm movement.
Storage: Storage is a process through which digital data is saved within a data storage
device by means of computing technology. Storage is a mechanism that enables a computer
to retain data, either temporarily or permanently. Storage may also be referred to as computer
data storage or electronic data storage.
Reference
>https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+computer&oq=what+is+c&aqs=chrome.0.69i5
9j69i57j0i67j0i20i131i263i433i512j0i131i433i512l2j69i60l2.4410j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie
=UTF-8
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware

4. >https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPU_(disambiguation)
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory
>https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1115/storage