Shotcrete is a concrete or mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a backing surface. It was invented in the early 1900s and has emerged as the preferred industry term to describe pneumatically applied concrete. Shotcrete undergoes placement and compaction simultaneously, making it more dense and homogeneous than traditionally vibrated concrete. It can be used for a variety of applications like tunnel lining, slope stabilization, and dome construction due to its ability to be applied to any surface. The two main shotcrete application processes are dry mix, where dry materials are mixed at the nozzle, and wet mix, where all materials including water are premixed.