The Asian longhorned beetle has a one to two year life cycle. Females lay eggs which hatch after one to two weeks, and the larvae feed within trees until pupating in late April or May. New adults emerge in May and mate shortly after. Females live around 40 days and lay up to 80 eggs. The beetles are black with white spots and long antennae, and threaten trees like maples and ashes. Infestations cost money to remove infected trees. Control methods include suppression to reduce beetle numbers and eradication programs to remove them from isolated areas.

1. Asian Longhorned beetle(Anoplophoraglabripennis)

2. Life Cycle In its native range, this insect may have a one or two year life cycle Females chew egg-laying sites where a single egg is laid. Eggs laid in June or July follow a one-year cycle for the emergence of a mature adult. Eggs laid in September or October follow the two-year cycle of maturation Eggs hatch in one to two weeks and larvae begin aggressive feeding in the cambium and phloem As they mature, the larvae burrow deeper within the tree to the inner wood where they continue feeding until pupation occurs. Pupation begins late April or early May and newly formed adults remain in their pupal chambers for several days. Adult beetles begin to emerge in May Mating begins two or three days after emergence, with females mating multiple times. Females live an average of 40 days are capable of laying up to 80 eggs during this period.

3. LIFE CYCLE

4. Physical characteristics Adult Asian Longhorned beetles are very large insects with bodies ranging from 1 to 1.5 inches in length and antennae which can be as long as four inches and have 6 legs They are shiny black with about 20 white spots on each wing cover and long antennae which are black and white. These beetles can fly, but generally only for short distances The upper sections of the legs of the adults are whitish-blue Asian Long-Horned Beetles require between one and three years to reach maturity. The adult lifespan is about 50 days for males and 66 days for females.

5. How do the physical characteristics and life cycle benefit its habitat. There are currently NO documented benefits of this species Once the Asian Longhorned Beetle dies, the dead wood they leave behind contributes to the natural recycling process it becomes potential wood sources for other organisms and contributes to soil creation and enrichment

6. Asian Longhorned beetles native habitat Areas where host trees are available particularly where maples, elms, and ash are in abundance known Asian Longhorned Beetle infestations have occurred in urban areas The Asian Longhorned Beetle's native range includes China and Korea. Accidental introductions expanded the range to include the United States, Canada, and Austria Asian Longhorned Beetles are believed to have been introduced into the United States from wood pallets and other wood packing material accompanying cargo shipments from Asia

7. Where Asian Longhorned Beetles located in Canada On September 18, 2003 it was discovered in Canada It was found in Toronto, ON, Vaughan, and Woodbridge Mostly found on Steeles Avenue in Vaughans

8. Environmental/Social impacts Asian Longhorned Beetle that infests trees which eventually means they are killing the trees and they have to be cut down This leads the community to plant new trees which will take many years to grow Loss of tree’s decrease property values causing aesthetic damage and lessen environmental benefits If Asian Longhorned Beetle spreads from current urban environments to natural forests, it has the potential to seriously alter the ecological diversity of natural forest in North America Threat to lumber, nursery, and tourism industries with the potential impact of more than 41 million dollars in damage

9. Economical impacts The primary impact of Asian Longhorned Beetle has been on street trees in several infected sites. These trees require removal, treatment to destroy all life stages present ,and replacement, at a cost of several hundred dollars per infestation. If this pest enters a forest ecosystem, the economic impact could be far greater than destroying it completely containment costs could impact export markets for various hardwood products such as veneers (thin layers of wood)

10. Two control measures to manage their population size the two of four control measures I am going to state are suppression and eradication program suppression uses various control methods to reduce not eliminate Asian Longhorned Beetle these methods could include physical and cultural methods a suppression program would last for an undetermined period of time Eradication means it would separate the infested area and regulate it This would use tree removal and tree destruction to reduce the undetectable levels If there are a lot of Asian Longhorned Beetles then they would expand the process

11. References http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_166979.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_long-horned_beetle#Physical_description http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/asian_lhb/background.shtml http://www.ont-woodlot-assoc.org/sw_asianlonghorn.html http://cisr.ucr.edu/asian_beetle.html http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/ea/downloads/chialbea.pdf