2. RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERCITY
SUNRISE GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
TRAINING REPORT
ON
FLAT SLAB
FOR THE SESSION 2017 - 2018
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
ASHWINI KUMAR PRAJAPAT
RTU ROLL NO. 15EIUCEO10
B.TECH 4th YEAR CIVIL ENG.
DR. ANJU SHARMA
H.O.D. OF CIVIL DEPARTMENT
4. 1. INTRODUCTION:-
๏ NAME OF PROJECT โ RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ( COMPLEX )
๏ COMPANY NAME โ RUDRAKSH CONSTRUCTION & EXPORT
๏ SITE ENGINEER โ PRAVEEN JI PRAJAPAT
๏ APPROXIMATE COST - 10 Cr.
๏ LOCATION OF SITE โ NAVRATAN COMPLEX, BHUVANA
๏ TIME OF COMPLETION โ 5 YEARS
๏ CONTRACTOR โ KALU JI GAYRI
โขApproximate Cost- 4.50 Cr.โขApproximate Cost- 4.50 Cr.
6. 2. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL :-
CEMENT :-
๏ถ It is the most important construction material.
๏ถ Cement is fine mineral powder made by grinding together a mixture of limestone
and clay , which is then heated at temperature of 1,450 degree centigrade.
๏ถ A cement is binder, a substance used in construction that sets hardens and can
bind other material together.
๏ถ Used at site :-
1.Grade of cement : 53 grade
2.Average daily consumption : 100 Bags.
3.Rate per bag: 410 /- Rs.
7. SAND :-
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of
finely divided rock and mineral particle consisting 90% of particle
size is greater then 0.06 mm and less than 2mm.
Type of sand :-
1.Coarse sand:-It contains 90% of particles of size greater
then 0.06mm and less then 2mm.
2.Fine sand:-It contains 90% of particles of size greater then
0.06mm and less then 0.2mm.
8. AGGREGATE :-
๏ Aggregate is most common construction material. Most of
aggregate used are naturally occurring material such as
sand crushed rock and gravel.
๏ It should be well graded and should have good crushing
strength.
๏ Aggregates are divided into either โcoarseโ or โfineโ categories.
๏ Coarse aggregates are particulates that are greater than
4.75mm. The usual range employed is between 9.5mm and
37.5mm in diameter.
๏ Fine aggregates are usually sand or crushed stone that are less
than 4.75mm in diameter.
9. BRICKS :-
๏ถ Brick is molded and burnt clay product .
๏ถ It should have smooth rectangular faces with sharp
corner.
๏ถ Standard size of brick is 190X90X90mm.
Used at site :-
๏ถ Size 190X90X90 & 190X45X45.
๏ถ Rate- 5 Rs. per brick. (As Per Site)
10. TYPES OF BEAMS:-
CLASSIFICATION OF BEAMS BASED ON SUPPORTES :-
1. SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS :- A Beam supported on the ends which are free to
rotate & have no moment resistance.
2. FIXED BEAM :- A Beam Supported on both ends & restrained from rotation.
11. 3. Over Hanging Beam โ A Simple Beam extending beyond its support on one end.
4. Double Overhanging Beam โ A Simple Beam with ends extending beyond its supports on
both ends.
12. 5. Continuous Beam โ A Beam extending over more than two supports.
6. Cantilever Beam โ A Projecting beam fixed only at one end.
7. Trussed Beam โ A Beam Strengthened by adding a cable or rod to from a truss.
13. BASED ON GEOMETRY :-
1 . Straight Beam โ Beam With straight profile.
2. Curved Beam โ Beam With curved profile.
3. Tapered Beam โ Beam With Tapered cross section.
14. BASED ON THE SHAPE OF CROSS SECTION :-
1. BEAM - Beam with I cross section.
2. TโBEAM - Beam with T Cross section.
3. C-BEAM โ Beam with C cross section.
15. CLASSIFICATION OF BEAMS BASED ON MATERIALS :-
1. TIMBER BEAM :-
2. STEEL BEAM :-
3. CONCRETE BEAM :-
16. FLAT SLAB :-
Job of beam is to transfer load from slab to column. If we remove beams and transfer
loads directly from slab to column, we call FLAT SLAB.
Flat Slab is a Reinforced slab which built monolithically with the supporting column
only. load is directly transfers from slab to the supporting column. In the construction
of flat slab we have to provide:
1) Drop
2) Column Head or column capital.
Drop is a part of the slab around the column, which have greater thickness than the
rest of the slab.
And in capital column or column head, the diameter of the supporting column is
increased below the slab.
Flat slab is design by two methods:
1) DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
2) EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD
๏ถYou can design the flat slab according to IS CODE 456:2000
17.
18. Other options are doing FLAT SLAB or POST TENSIONS SLAB where there is
only a Pediment or drop around the column.
You can also do an upturned beam where the beam goes above the slab. It
works like a normal slab only, but the reinforcement is slightly different.
19. Advantages Of FLAT SLAB :-
1. Flexibility in room layout โ
๏ Partition walls can be placed anywhere.
๏ Offers a variety of room layout to the owner.
๏ False ceilings can be omitted.
2. Reinforcement placement is easier -
๏ As reinforcement detailing of FLAT SLAB is simple, it is easier to place.
3. Ease of Framework installation -
๏ Big table framework can be used in FLAT SLAB.
4. Building height can be reduced โ
๏ As no beam is used, floor height can be reduced and consequently the building
height will be reduced.
๏ Approximately 10% of the vertical member could be saved.
๏ Foundation load will also reduce.
5. Less construction time -
๏ Use of big table framework helps to reduce construction time.
20. 6. Prefabricated welded mesh โ
๏ Standard sizes
๏ Less installation time
๏ Better quality control.
7. Auto sprinkler is easier โ
21. Disadvantages of Flat Slab:-
1. Span length is medium -
๏ In flat plate system, it is not possible to have large span.
2. Not suitable for supporting brittle (masonry) partitions .
3. Use of drop panels may interfere with larger mechanical ducting .
4. Critical middle strip deflection โ
๏ In flat slabs, the middle strip deflection may be critical.
5. Higher slab thickness โ
๏ Compared to typical reinforced concrete two way slab system, the thickness of flat plate
slabs are higher.
22. CONCLUSION :-
๏ Transportation of material was very difficult at the site and costly.
๏ Problem with communication with labour.
๏ Problem to understanding with labour.
๏ Environmental challenge.
