This document summarizes tips for answering questions about representation in film extracts for Section A of the exam. It recommends making detailed notes structured around at least 4-5 points about how characters are represented through technical features like shot length, editing techniques, sound, and mise-en-scene. The summary should introduce the extract and technical features analyzed to construct the representation of specific characters. Rich analysis comparing how different characters are represented as outsiders based on ability, ethnicity, or other factors should be included.

1. Sect B Revision Session #2
(Wed 17 May)

2. Cross over with topics
CROSS MEDIA CONVERGENCE Ownership
Technologies!!!!
Ownership!!!!
Technologies!!!
Cross media convergence/
synergies!!!!

3. “Media production is dominated by global institutions, which
sell their products and services to national audiences.” To what
extent do you agree with this statement?
• Mainstream: Agree because…huge money to put into expensive production (technologies, big
action scenes, cast) …..£150-200 to produce the film….shot in different countries to have global
appeal = hence appeal to national audiences. Also make games/phones (cmc/s) to get more
money (and buzz about film)
• Independent: Disagree because…..smaller budgets, production is usually inexpensive and quick,
they appeal to local audiences because they are more niche. However, they have access to high
quality equipment to produce good/high quality films (such as arri alexa) However, it could be
argued because a lot of audiences like indie films and are bored/dislike the ‘big production values’
of big blockbuster films. Usually produced by local/small film production companies/studios so
don’t have global appeal.
• Changing industry: Tangerine – independent filmmakers being able to produce high quality films
on iphones (using anamorphic adapters) – all cheap and accessible equip. Therefore they can
produce good films and therefore compete with mainstream/indie films.
• Netflix/amazon – now producing their own films/TV shows (because they are now huge global
institutions)

4. Curzon home cinema
• I got this e-mail today =
They rely on traditional forms of
media to market their products
(e-mails to members) – still using
dig technology but is this
effective?
Consider the type of audience….

5. What is changing industry?
• It is not ‘mainstream’ or ‘indie’….it’s institutions and films that are a
‘new/different’ area….
• Amazon fire TV stick
• Pop up cinema and secret cinema
• ‘independent Hollywood’
• Tangerine and ‘prosumers’

6. Think about how film industry has changed
(applicable to any question)
OLD NEW

7. Think about how film industry has changed
OLD NEW
Mainstream dominate – very institutionally led
Reliant on box office
Film = 35mm and prints
Expensive and less value
Longer
Indie was smaller
DVD/Blu Ray
‘specialists’
Big budget synergies and cross media conv = access
and power to big brands
Cinema declining, home/online/subscription
expanding
Wide range for film consumption (mobility/choice)
Consoles, smart tv’s, smart phones, tablets, =
convergence!
Indie growing (but still small)
Multi-platform simultaneous release
Indie/Mainstream merging
Diversified companies and collaboration
Rise of the prosumer
Audience to audience exchange
Advancement of technology (to consume & make film)
Smart phones/smart TVs
Iphone 7 = 4k
Social media
Backlash and return to nostalgic experience (pop up)
Immersive experiences (secret cinema)
BUT….global conglomerates like

8. Why is it changing?

9. Why is it changing?
• Audience demand – they like choice
• Audience taste/change in trends
• Technology
• Accessibility
• Ownership
• Types of audience

10. General key terms
Conglomerate
Parent company
Subsidiary company
Horizontal Integration
Vertical Integration
Cross-institutional synergy
proliferation
Release patterns: Global release, national release, wide
release, blanket release, local release, limited release
budget
USP
Inherited audience
Audience participation
Franchise film
Sequel
Convergence
Difference between synergy & cross media convergence
Diversification
Passive audience, active audience
Affluent/educated audiences
Mass & niche audience
Crowd pleasers
Prosumers
Gatekeepers
Budget
Box office
Above the line advertising, below the line advertising
Arri Alexa (there is also the Arri Alexa Plus)
Panavision Anamorphic lens
CGI
Social media
Video sharing
D cinema
Bluetooth
Accessibility

11. General key terms
Test screening
Advance screenings
Re-release
Premiere
Festivals
Arthouse
Multiplex
Opening weekend
Trailer
Teaser trailer
Viral marketing
Home entertainment
3D
Anti-piracy strategy
Picture quality
Touchscreen
Apps
Encryption / encrypted
Hardware
Software
35mm film & prints
Green screen
Merchandise
Press coverage
Capital
Exhibit
Promotion
Promotional tour
Beneficial and detrimental
Opening weekend
Appeal
Revenue
Ancillary revenue

12. Other general people/institutions
DVD
Blu Ray
3D
Flixster
Netflix
Amazon Prime
Google Play
Ultraviolet
Virgin Media
Sky movies
iMAX
Vue
AMC
Odeon
Empire
Cineworld
BBFC
Curzon
Curzon Home Cinema
Brixton Ritzy
Hackney Picturehouse
Royal Albert Hall
UK Film Council
DSN (digital screen network)
Top 6 conglomerates:
(90% of films by them)
warner bros
sony/columbia
paramount
disney
universal
20th century fox

13. Skyfall: Names – people/institutes
MGM (distributor)
MGM Interactive (game – 007 legends)
DANJAQ (own 007 trademark – owned by Albert B)
EON Productions (production)
SONY
Sony Pictures Entertainment (distributor)
Columbia Pictures
Sony Computer Entertainment
Sony Mobile Entertainment
Sony Music Entertainment
Columbia
XL records
Melted Stone Ltd (released song)
Sam Mendes
Barbara Broccoli (producer)
Albert Broccoli (owns EON productions)
Richard Deakins
Daniel Craig
Judy Dench
Adele
Royal Albert Hall
Pinewood Studios
Royal Family
iTunes (Apple)
Heineken
Coze Zero
Omega (watches)
OPI
Aston Martin
Visit Britain
Olympics -
Sony Vaio
Sony XPeria
IMAX
Youtube (owned by Google)
Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest, Google +
Film Website
Rotten Tomatoes
Sky Movies (007 feature)
Oscars*cross institutional synergy

14. MBTD –
Names – people/institutes
Sally El Hosaini
Rocks Nest Entertainment
Wild Horses Film Company
Escape Films
Verve Pictures (UK)
108 Media (US)
Hireworks (HD avid)
Point1Post (sound)
Ritzy Brixton
Curzon
Hackney Picturehouse
Empire & Total Film
Filmbeat (website –
competition)
Movie2K (pirate website)
Cashtastic

15. Section A top tips
1. Detailed notes in the right structure
2. At least 4-5 points about representation
3. Include editing (just name techniques if you can’t relate it to representation)
1. Screen time (who do you see the most? Why?)
2. Pace (what kind of pace and why?)
3. Shot reverse shot (who do they go from and to? Why?)
4. Reaction shots (what shots to the insert/cut to and what do they show?)
5. Eye-line match (what do they highlight and why)
6. Transitions or effects
4. Sound = not just dialogue
1. Diegetic sounds
2. Non-diegetic score music
3. Volume control (inc crescendo/dimuendo)
4. Synchoronous/asynchoronus
5. MES: Clamps! Remember setting!
6. Introduction is short : “In the extract “_________________”, the technical features are combined to construct the representation of ___________.
7. Chose the most ‘rich’ points that is relevant to the question
8. P EA EA EA EA L C paragraphs!
9. Try to compare the representation of characters ………………who is the OUTSIDER?
1. Disability / ability
2. One ethnicity / another ethnicity