Arunachalam
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Medicinal chemistry has evolved from ancient practices using plant and animal parts to modern tablet forms. Charaka in the 3rd-4th century wrote one of the first books on medication, and Susruta in the 7th century is considered the father of modern chemistry, writing another influential early text. Developments like microscopes enabled more research on medicines, leading to improved solid and liquid forms. Today, drugs are classified based on their actions and delivered to patients in tablets, syrups, ointments and other methods based on modern needs and formulations.
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Bleaching powder is used to sterilize and disinfect water by killing harmful germs and bacteria that can cause diseases. It works by releasing chlorine when mixed with water, following the chemical reaction of CaOCl2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2+Cl2. Bleaching powder sterilizes water through maximum utilization of released chlorine, leaving no impurities and being harmless in minimum amounts, and is a convenient method to kill germs in water.
Role of chemistry in every day life
This document discusses the role of chemistry in everyday life. It notes that chemistry is important in areas like food, medicine, diseases, and daily activities. The human body itself is largely composed of chemical compounds - roughly 96% of the human body's mass is made up of just four elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Chemistry helps in understanding vitamins, supplements, and how drugs can help or harm the body. It also plays a role in medical research to understand diseases on a molecular level.
Reshma presentation
Fermentation is the slow decomposition of organic compounds into simpler substances by enzymes. It involves the conversion of sugars and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, alcohol, or organic acids. Common examples are the souring of wine during winemaking and the production of beer through grain fermentation. The primary uses of fermentation are to convert juices into wine, grains into beer, and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide to leaven bread or turn sugars in vegetables into preservative organic acids.
Reshma2
This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as solutions with an excess of H+ ions, noting that they have sour tastes, can corrode substances, and turn litmus paper red. Common acids include acetic acid in vinegar and citric acid in fruits. Bases are defined as solutions with an excess of OH- ions, noting they have bitter tastes and turn litmus paper blue. Common bases are found in soaps, ammonia, and cleaning products. The document also explains the pH scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity and how acid-base reactions result in neutralization and salt formation.
Radhika
Antacids are medications used to treat heartburn and acid indigestion by coating the esophagus with a protective barrier against stomach acid and producing a gel on the stomach surface to prevent acid from entering the esophagus. While antacids can prevent ulcer perforation and provide relief from heartburn and indigestion, too much calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate can cause rebound acidity by raising the pH too much or disrupting blood chemistry. Synthetic antacids are the most effective at changing pH but also risk raising it too high.
Prasannakumar
Nuclear power works by initiating and controlling nuclear chain reactions to generate heat from nuclear fission. Uranium is the most common nuclear fuel used, as its isotope U-235 can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. In a nuclear reactor, neutrons from fission split uranium atoms, releasing more neutrons and heat energy. Control rods absorb neutrons to control the rate of the chain reaction. The heat is used to generate steam to turn turbines and produce electricity. Spent fuel, control rods, and coolant must be safely managed as they are radioactive.
Nasreen
This document discusses different types of drugs: stimulants like amphetamines and cocaine that speed up the brain and nervous system, depressants like alcohol and heroin that slow them down, and hallucinogens like ecstasy and marijuana that alter consciousness. Nicotine from cigarettes is highly addictive and causes long-term health problems. Heroin is processed from morphine and taken as a powder or liquid, often by injection, and causes flushing, dry mouth, liver disease and collapsed veins. Marijuana is extracted from cannabis plants and leads to anxiety, lung cancer, breathing problems and damage to cells when consumed. The document also lists some protective factors against substance abuse.
Mounika
Karl Landsteiner discovered the four main blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. The presence of antigens (proteins) and antibodies determines blood type. Group O blood lacks antigens and contains antibodies, making it the universal donor type. Group AB has both antigens but no antibodies, so it can receive blood from any group but can only donate to other AB types. A person's Rh factor is also important, as Rh negative blood can only be received by other Rh negative recipients. Different animals have blood that ranges in color from red to green, yellow, white, and blue due to varying respiratory pigments and compounds like hemoglobin, vanadium, and copper.
Manusha
This document discusses ozone, including its formation, types, effects on humans and plants, and causes. Ozone is formed in the stratosphere, where it protects life from UV rays, but is also found as a pollutant in the troposphere. Ground-level ozone can cause respiratory issues for humans and foliar injury in plants. It discusses optimal weather conditions for high ozone levels, human health impacts like asthma, and plant impacts like reduced growth. Causes of ozone pollution and measures to reduce it are also mentioned.
Likitha
Chemistry plays an important role in many everyday activities and products. Paints, varnishes, insect sprays, vehicles, alarm clocks, cleaners, and water purification all involve chemical processes and reactions. The human body itself relies on chemistry and is made up of water and elements like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, hydrogen, and phosphorus. Nearly every aspect of daily life, from eating, drinking, cooking, personal care products, fuels, and more, has an underlying basis in chemistry.
Keerthi
This document outlines the principles of green chemistry. It begins with an introduction stating that green chemistry aims to safeguard the environment by preventing pollution at its source and eliminating hazardous substances. It then lists 12 principles proposed by Paul Anastas and John Warner, including preventing waste generation, designing safer chemicals and products, and using safer solvents and reaction conditions. Examples provided of green chemistry innovations include the use of carbon dioxide as a blowing agent for polystyrene foam and the production of polylactic acid polymers and carpet tiles. In closing, it acknowledges the support of Vijayam Degree College faculty.
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Arunachalam
- 1. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY From ayurveda to tablets
- 2. COLLEGE Vijayam college ESD:-2000 FOUNDER:- Mr. Thejomoorthy
- 4. BEFORE 3ED CENTURY Based on plant parts &animal things to prepare medicines. These drugs are only for medication of viral, fungal,bacterial diseases.
- 5. AFTER 4TH CENTURY CHARAKA is the father of medicinal chemistry. He wrote a book called CHARAKASAMHITHA. This is the first book of medication in 3ed&4th century.
- 6. 5TH & 6TH CENTURY BODHI DHARMA lived in 5th&6th century. He known about all medicines,medication also.
- 7. AFTER 7TH CENTURY SUSRUTA is a father of modern chemistry. He wrote a book called SUSRUTA SAMHITHA.
- 8. NEXT CENTURIES After development of microscopes,researche s starts on medicine. After develop, lepana[liquid],gutika[soli d]…etc.
- 10. MODERN FORMACOLOGY After development of tablet, then prepare vector based tablets…,etc. These vectors based, tablets are given perfect result for disease.
- 11. DRUG CLASSIFICATION Based on drug action these are classified into, therauptics,painkillers, synergesics..,etc. These aregivened to patients by tablets,syrunges,ointme nts,inhalation methods.
- 14. CONCLUSION Here by I conclude that, the drugs are present even from ancient times. But their way of storing,supply, physical&chemical forms are being changed based on our modern needs.
- 15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to Google, Thanks to my friends, Thanks to vijayam college. THANK YOU