The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characterization of water quality in Dayet Aoua lake in Morocco. Key findings from the study include:
1) The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Temperatures ranged from 7.1°C to 25.6°C depending on the season.
2) pH levels remained alkaline between 7.77 and 11.45. Dissolved oxygen levels indicated the lake is well oxygenated.
3) Nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were low, indicating an absence of organic pollution and classifying the lake as mesotrophic.
This study assessed water quality in three rivers flowing into Manado Bay in Indonesia. Water samples were collected from stations along each river during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, bacteria, total mercury, and other pollutants. The results showed pollution from urban wastewater and agricultural runoff, with high levels of bacteria and organic waste. This poor water quality threatens Manado Bay and local fisheries and tourism. Improved wastewater management is needed to mitigate pollution in the rivers and bay.
Application of Earth Resistivity, Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Hydrology Met...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Applied Geology and Geophysics. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Applied Geology and Geophysics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
evaluation of water resources in wadi el natrun, western desert, egyptIJEAB
Groundwater of the Pliocene aquifer in Wadi El Natrun area represents the primary source of reliable water for drinking and agriculture uses. This research focuses on the study of the different sources of water in the study area and determines the origin and quality of this waterand also is interested in studying hydrogeochemical processes that affect them and the movement of water through the analysis and determine the activity of different elements, and also to changes in hypothetical salts with the direction of water flow in three sectors of the region and the statement of the most important geochemical processes that occur. Finally it is evaluated the suitability of the water for different purposes. The results show that, there is a zonation of chemical composition; this zonation is characterized by a change of cation species from dominantly Ca and Mg near the east to Na-dominated waters in the west. Mirroring this, anions change from HCO3 type to Cl and SO4 type.The ions displays two grades of metasomatism along flow path, first the stage of mineralization(HCO3>Cl>So4) at the east then the advanced stage of mineralization (Cl>SO4 >HCO3) at the west. According to the(W.H.O.2005), 45 % of tested groundwater samples are permissible for drinking. Most groundwater samples of the Pliocene according to SAR andRSC are suitable for irrigation purposes under normal condition, but all surface water samples (lakes) are saline water,so it is not valid for drinking or irrigation purposes.
Environmental Qualitative assessment of rivers sedimentsGJESM Publication
In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals (Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni) in thesediment of Shavoor River in Khuzestan Province in Iran has been investigated. After the library studies and field studies, six samples of water
and sediment were taken from the river in order to evaluate heavy metal pollution in sediments. To determine the
geochemical phases of metals in sediment samples the 5-step method was used for chemical separation. For quantitative assessment of the severity of contamination in the sediments, the geochemical indicators such as enriched factor (EF) and the accumulation index (Igeo) were used. Also, the statistical analyses including methods such as correlation analysis cluster analysis the (CA), were conducted.The results of the experiments showed that the organic matter deposited varies
with the average of 2.49 and ranges between 1.95% and 3.43%. Samples showed concentrations of metals such as calcium, iron, manganese, copper and nickel at all the sampling points were below the global average, whereas the concentration of copper was slightly higher than the global scale. Enriched factor (EF) was calculated for the elements revealed that heavy metals are classified as non-infected. The Geo-accumulation Index showed that the studied elements were uninfected peers. Based on the results of multivariate statistical analysis it was concluded that metals such as manganese, copper, iron, nickel and zinc are mainly natural and calcium metal is likely to have an organic origin.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...journal ijrtem
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations.
However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8
g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and
marine influence by aerosol.
springtime contribution of dinitrogen fixation to primary production across t...Adi Levi
The document summarizes a study that measured dinitrogen (N2) fixation rates across the Mediterranean Sea during early spring. Key findings include:
1) N2 fixation rates were lowest in the eastern basin and increased westward, with the highest rates at the Strait of Gibraltar.
2) Rates were 3-7 times higher than previous summer measurements, suggesting greater N2 fixation during spring.
3) Dark incubations showed higher N2 fixation at eastern stations but lower at western stations, indicating heterotrophic diazotrophy plays a larger role in the east while autotrophic diazotrophy dominates in the west.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between
stations. However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l
and 14.8 g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as
evaporation and marine influence by aerosol.
This document summarizes a study of the hydrochemistry of the Ribeiro das Mesas catchment in Portugal. 35 water samples were collected and analyzed from various sources including groundwater, surface water, sewage, and rainwater. The results show that geology has a stronger influence on water chemistry than land use. Groundwater generally has a calcium-magnesium composition with mixed anions. Some wells and springs exceed nitrate standards for drinking water, indicating nitrogen pollution. Analysis of changes in water quality from the water treatment plant to the river outlet suggests the river has self-purification capacity, lowering phosphate, ammonium and nitrate levels.
This study assessed water quality in three rivers flowing into Manado Bay in Indonesia. Water samples were collected from stations along each river during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, bacteria, total mercury, and other pollutants. The results showed pollution from urban wastewater and agricultural runoff, with high levels of bacteria and organic waste. This poor water quality threatens Manado Bay and local fisheries and tourism. Improved wastewater management is needed to mitigate pollution in the rivers and bay.
Application of Earth Resistivity, Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Hydrology Met...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Applied Geology and Geophysics. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Applied Geology and Geophysics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
evaluation of water resources in wadi el natrun, western desert, egyptIJEAB
Groundwater of the Pliocene aquifer in Wadi El Natrun area represents the primary source of reliable water for drinking and agriculture uses. This research focuses on the study of the different sources of water in the study area and determines the origin and quality of this waterand also is interested in studying hydrogeochemical processes that affect them and the movement of water through the analysis and determine the activity of different elements, and also to changes in hypothetical salts with the direction of water flow in three sectors of the region and the statement of the most important geochemical processes that occur. Finally it is evaluated the suitability of the water for different purposes. The results show that, there is a zonation of chemical composition; this zonation is characterized by a change of cation species from dominantly Ca and Mg near the east to Na-dominated waters in the west. Mirroring this, anions change from HCO3 type to Cl and SO4 type.The ions displays two grades of metasomatism along flow path, first the stage of mineralization(HCO3>Cl>So4) at the east then the advanced stage of mineralization (Cl>SO4 >HCO3) at the west. According to the(W.H.O.2005), 45 % of tested groundwater samples are permissible for drinking. Most groundwater samples of the Pliocene according to SAR andRSC are suitable for irrigation purposes under normal condition, but all surface water samples (lakes) are saline water,so it is not valid for drinking or irrigation purposes.
Environmental Qualitative assessment of rivers sedimentsGJESM Publication
In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals (Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni) in thesediment of Shavoor River in Khuzestan Province in Iran has been investigated. After the library studies and field studies, six samples of water
and sediment were taken from the river in order to evaluate heavy metal pollution in sediments. To determine the
geochemical phases of metals in sediment samples the 5-step method was used for chemical separation. For quantitative assessment of the severity of contamination in the sediments, the geochemical indicators such as enriched factor (EF) and the accumulation index (Igeo) were used. Also, the statistical analyses including methods such as correlation analysis cluster analysis the (CA), were conducted.The results of the experiments showed that the organic matter deposited varies
with the average of 2.49 and ranges between 1.95% and 3.43%. Samples showed concentrations of metals such as calcium, iron, manganese, copper and nickel at all the sampling points were below the global average, whereas the concentration of copper was slightly higher than the global scale. Enriched factor (EF) was calculated for the elements revealed that heavy metals are classified as non-infected. The Geo-accumulation Index showed that the studied elements were uninfected peers. Based on the results of multivariate statistical analysis it was concluded that metals such as manganese, copper, iron, nickel and zinc are mainly natural and calcium metal is likely to have an organic origin.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...journal ijrtem
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations.
However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8
g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and
marine influence by aerosol.
springtime contribution of dinitrogen fixation to primary production across t...Adi Levi
The document summarizes a study that measured dinitrogen (N2) fixation rates across the Mediterranean Sea during early spring. Key findings include:
1) N2 fixation rates were lowest in the eastern basin and increased westward, with the highest rates at the Strait of Gibraltar.
2) Rates were 3-7 times higher than previous summer measurements, suggesting greater N2 fixation during spring.
3) Dark incubations showed higher N2 fixation at eastern stations but lower at western stations, indicating heterotrophic diazotrophy plays a larger role in the east while autotrophic diazotrophy dominates in the west.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between
stations. However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l
and 14.8 g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as
evaporation and marine influence by aerosol.
This document summarizes a study of the hydrochemistry of the Ribeiro das Mesas catchment in Portugal. 35 water samples were collected and analyzed from various sources including groundwater, surface water, sewage, and rainwater. The results show that geology has a stronger influence on water chemistry than land use. Groundwater generally has a calcium-magnesium composition with mixed anions. Some wells and springs exceed nitrate standards for drinking water, indicating nitrogen pollution. Analysis of changes in water quality from the water treatment plant to the river outlet suggests the river has self-purification capacity, lowering phosphate, ammonium and nitrate levels.
Estimation of the adriatic sea water turnover time using falloutsr as aradiac...trabajomuestreo
1. The document analyzes measurements of 90Sr activity concentrations in Adriatic Sea water from 1963-2003 at multiple locations along the Croatian coast.
2. A mathematical model was developed using 90Sr data from sea water and fallout samples to estimate the mean residence time of 90Sr in the Adriatic Sea.
3. By fitting the experimental 90Sr data to the theoretical model, the mean residence time of 90Sr in the Adriatic Sea was estimated to be approximately 3.4 ± 0.4 years. This value reflects the upper limit for the turnover time of Adriatic Sea water.
This document provides an overview of a study investigating the impact of urbanization on riverine water quality in the Mudgeeraba catchment area in Queensland, Australia. The study involved sampling at 6 sites along the Mudgeeraba Creek over 3 months to test for various water quality parameters. Parameters tested included faecal contamination, nutrient levels, dissolved metals, turbidity, and total suspended solids. Descriptions of each sampling site are provided including location, surrounding vegetation quality, and photos. The goals of the study were to identify any water quality issues or areas for improvement in the Mudgeeraba catchment.
Zander 2007 - Allochthonous DOC in floodplain riversAlek Zander
This research article explores using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) to fingerprint dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from various allochthonous sources in floodplain rivers. SPME-GC is a solventless extraction technique that can detect semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in DOC at parts-per-trillion levels. The study examines DOC leachates from leaves, bark, grass, soil and algae collected from the Murrumbidgee River floodplain. Preliminary results found each source material produced complex chromatograms of over 100 compounds and hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished the chemical profiles between sources, indicating SPME-GC could identify source-specific markers for DOC.
This study was aimed to know the sedimentation rate and the total suspended solid of the estuary in
relation to the implementation of melombo culture practice area. The sedimentation rate was measured using
sediment traps placed in 3 set stations and data were taken for 8 months of two weeks interval. The sediment
traps weremade of PVC pipe, 11.5 cm long and 5 cm diameter and located at 20 cm above the sea bottom.
Sediment samples were firstly soaked in freshwater for approximately 4 hours to remove salt content.
Sedimentation rate was determined as πr
2
h/time length, while Total Suspensi Solid (TSS) followed the formula
of Eaton, et al (1995). Results showed that the sediment trapped in station 1 ranged from 5.6 cm (109.9 cm3
) –
7.7 cm (151.11 cm3
) with an average of 6.61 cm (129.7 cm3
), station 2 from 5.3 cm (104 cm3
) to 8.5 cm (166.8
cm
3
) with an average of 7.18 cm (140.9 cm3
) and station 3 from 3.8 cm (74.6 cm3
) to 7.6 cm (149.2 cm3
) with an
average of 6.8 cm (133.8 cm3
), respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) ranged from 18.28 to 50.60 with an
average of29.165 (29.59%) for station 1, 27.84 to 47.48 with an average of38.99 (39.56%) for station 2, and
18.28 to 50.60 with an average of 30.405 (30.85%) for station 3, respectively.Based upon the decree of Living
Environment Minister Numbered 51, 2004, for marine biota, the TSS has been above the standard seawater
quality.
Ground Water Quality Assessment using Geo Spatial Technology in Part of Lower...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed groundwater quality in the lower Vaigai river basin in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India using geospatial technology. Water samples were collected from 10 locations and tested for parameters like pH, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and total dissolved solids. Maps showing the spatial distribution of water quality in 2003 and 2015 were generated. It was found that the maximum nitrate level was 4800 mg/l in 2006, and that some areas had increasingly high levels of salts and nitrates over time due to factors like fertilizer use and wastewater. The study identified some areas as potable and others as moderate or non-potable. It concluded that water quality is
Estimating and Classifying Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Flow Conditi...Beniamino Murgante
Estimating and Classifying Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Flow Conditions for Fish Habitats by Using Geostatistical Approaches with Measured Flow and Fish Data, Lin Yu-Pin, Wang Cheng-Long
The quality groundwater for irrigation in Fetzara basin, northeast AlgeriaInnspub Net
The document summarizes a study on the quality of groundwater in the Fetzara basin in northeast Algeria for irrigation purposes. Hydrochemical analysis of 25 groundwater samples found that salinity ranged from 1240-6390 μS/cm, with most samples classified as moderately saline. Evaluation of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC) found that 40% of samples were classified as C3S1 (high salinity, low sodium water) suitable for irrigation in most soils, while 60% were C4S1 (high salinity, low sodium) with some danger of exchangeable sodium and salinity issues. However, some samples had unsuitable values for sodium percentage, Kelly's index, magnesium hazards
The document summarizes a study on the density, biomass, and community structure of megabenthos in Ise Bay, Japan from 1993 to 1994. Five species dominated the megabenthos communities: Oratosquilla oratoria, Carcinoplax vestita, Charybdis bimaculata, Luidia quinaria, and Repomucenus valenciennei. The community structure changed seasonally, closely related to the development and disappearance of low-oxygen water in the bay each summer. A total of 132 megabenthos species were identified, with crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, and fishes being the most common
About the Interaction between water and Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ba Mineralize...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: One of the most important environmental concerns at mining sites is acid mine drainage (DAM), which is formed by the exposure sulfide minerals to air and water. The consequent production of sulfuric acid reduces the quality of water bodies and may allow the solubilization of potentially toxic metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn and Al. There is a range of laboratory procedures, classified as static and kinetic. Which have been used to understand the acidification and neutralization potencies of a rock through water/rock interaction process. These procedures seek to describe, quantify and predict the compositional changes of the solid and liquid phases in natural systems. The choice of techniques, methods, procedures and protocols requires the understanding of the problem to be solved or mitigated and is related to the specific geochemical and geological characteristics of the site to be analyzed. The elaboration of experimental procedures involves sampling strategies, selection of methodologies, (Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, speed, cost) and thus equipment and other necessary materials. This work presents the main static and kinetic procedures, highlighting its principles, advantages and limitations for selection and application in carbonate rocks rich in sulphide minerals. PH, Acid-Base Accounting and Net Acid Generation (NAG) are the static methods chosen. While the kinetic procedures chosen for the study of the natural enrichment of toxic metals in sulfate carbonate rocks is leaching columns, the Soxhlet system and reaction reactors. To provide more consistent drainage forecasts and hence better plans for the management of The results of different methods should be analyzed together.
This document is a thesis submitted to Plymouth University that examines the statistical reliability of sediment sampling methodology for contaminated estuaries. It analyzes metal concentration data from samples collected on grids from two estuaries in southwest England. Various sampling design elements are evaluated, including sieving pretreatment and spatial variability. Monte Carlo resampling is used to compare three sampling strategies with different sample sizes and spatial scales. The study aims to address assumptions in typical sampling designs and propose a generalized approach grounded in statistical reliability for future contamination surveys.
Vision & Mission, Course profile, :Lesson Plan, Definition on hydrology, hydrologic cycle, uses of hydrology, solar and earth radiation, temperature, measurement of radiation, vapor.
This document is a report submitted by Fiona Ribbons in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an MSci Earth Sciences degree. The report aims to assess the global dissolved manganese ocean mass balance by analyzing inputs, outputs, and processes that maintain its volume in the sea. It provides background on manganese concentrations and distribution in the ocean, noting that manganese fits the profile of a scavenged trace element with high surface and low mid-depth concentrations. The report then calculates the global ocean manganese inventory, analyzes inputs from various sources, discusses potential outputs, and other influencing processes like biogeochemistry and ocean currents. It aims to establish the manganese mass balance and discuss the anthropogenic influence. The report contains 15
Many people in Africa depend on water from
rivers and borehole, but purity of the drinking water from these
sources remains questionable. Mudzira River being the longest
River in a village called Vimtim located in Mubi North Local
government area in Adamawa State was studied in the months of
September to December, 2012 to ascertain the suitability of the
water for human consumption and other related uses. Five study
point: inlet (A, B), middle (C) and out let (D, E) were adopted for
monitoring the physico-chemical parameters using standard
procedures. The mean total temperature values were A (25.000C),
B (24.500C), C (25.500C), D (24.000C) and E (24.000C. Average P
H
values were A (8.00), B (7.87), C (8.20) D (8.37) and E (8.13). The
average conductivity values were A (73.90
1 cms
), B
(73.11
1 cms
), D (74.00
1 cms
) and E (73. 80
1 cms
). The
average total dissolves solid value of each sample were A (17.10),
B (17.10), C (20.00) D (21.64) and E (21.60.). The average
turbidity value of sample were A (47.00), B (47.00), C (50.00) D
(53.00) and E (50.00). Average total hardness value are A
(20.00mg/l), B (20.00mg/L) C (24.00mg/L), D (20.00mg/L) and E
(20.00mg/L). The average chloride content were A (12mg/L), B
(16mg/L), C (12 mg/L) D (16mg/L) and E (16mg/L). The average
calcium content were A (0.3mg/L) B (0.4mg/L), C (0.3mg/L), D
(0.3mg/L) and E (0.2mg/L). The average content of magnesium
were A (12mg/L), B (16mg/L), C (16Mg/L), D (12mg/L), E
(12mg/L). The lead content of River Mudzira water was
negligible. The mean coliform count were A (4), B (3), C (6), D
(7), and E (4).The values of the parameters studied were within
the WHO/NAFDAC recommended standards, excepts for total
coliform levels. In conclusion Vimtim residents consuming
untreated water from River Mudzira are potentially exposed to
possible acute, sub chronic or even chronic water borne diseases
like typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea etc.
This document summarizes a study on microbial metal cycling and bioaccumulation in roadside soils and streams. The study aims to establish relationships between urbanization and pollutant concentrations in a local stream ecosystem. Researchers analyzed metal concentrations in insects, soils, and sediments from different zones of a creek. They also investigated microbial oxidation and reduction of antimony species from roadside soils and isolated bacterial strains to study metabolic pathways. Preliminary results found higher arsenic and lead levels in downstream insects and trace antimony reduction by soils microbes. The study provides background on metal pollution impacts and aims to further examine seasonal shifts and microbial antimony processing.
TNC REPORT - Modeling nitrogen source loads on the north shore of LI 03-01-2016Gillian Mollod
This document summarizes the results of modeling nitrogen source loads to 13 subwatersheds along the north shore of Long Island from Little Neck Bay to Northport Bay. Wastewater from on-site waste disposal systems like septic tanks and cesspools was found to be the largest source of nitrogen in most subwatersheds. Atmospheric deposition and fertilizer use also contribute nitrogen, but to a lesser degree. The total nitrogen load and appropriate reduction strategies vary between subwatersheds based on their characteristics, and tailored approaches are needed. The modeling incorporated spatial data on land use, population, sewage systems and atmospheric deposition rates to quantify nitrogen inputs from wastewater, fertilizer and air pollution.
Vinh et al Methanogenic Diversity Two Vegetation TypesVinh Tran
This study examined methane production and the diversity of methanogenic microbes in sediments from two vegetation sites within an urban freshwater wetland. The sites were dominated by either Typha or Scirpus vegetation. Results showed methane production was higher under Typha but methanogen diversity did not differ significantly between sites. Methanosarcina and Methanolobus genera made up the majority of methanogen sequences identified. While vegetation and sediment properties varied between sites, methanogen community composition remained similar.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
investigative study of seasonal changesIJAEMSJORNAL
Physico-chemical parameters of River Oluwa water in Agbabu, Nigeria were investigated to determine its quality characteristics and establish seasonal effects on the water. Water from the river was collected at five different points in dry season (March, 2008 and 2009) and rainy season (July, 2008 and 2009). Insitu parameters (pH, EC and Turbidity) were measured using Horiba Water Checker Model U-10 while TDS was by Lovibond CM – 21 Tintometer. Subsequently in the Laboratory, Na+ and K+ were determined using flame photometric methods while Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, PO42- and NO3- were determined by wet analysis. River Oluwa water was alkaline with average pH of 7.41 and 7.53 in dry and rainy seasons respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was high during dry season (av. 630.44 µS/cm), but low in the rainy season (av. 317.58 µS/cm) due to long residence time in dry season allowing more water-rock interaction. Turbidity’s average values of 0.14 NTU and 2.29 NTU in dry and rainy seasons respectively suggested moderate pollution with particulate matter. The order of average cations concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons was Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ while that of the anions was HCO3- > Cl- >SO42- > NO3-. The ions concentrations though lower in rainy season, Ca2+-HCO3- water was dominant in both seasons. Quality evaluation for irrigation revealed that the water was suitable for all irrigation purposes. River Oluwa water was soft, low mineralized, chemically potable, suitable for irrigation but with lower ionic concentrations in rainy season.
Ecological and Agricultural monitoring of Sebou river waters at Kariat Bamoha...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Kariat Bamohamed is an agricultural region located to the west of the city of Taounate and north of the city of Fez. The surface waters in the region are mainly composed by the Sebou river and many natural springs. The study concerns the analysis of hydrochemical parameters (T°, pH, CE, MES, O 2 , BOD 5 , COD, Cl-, PO 4 3 , NH 4 + and NO 3-) along the middle Sebou river region of Kariat Bamohamed in order to establish a diagnosis of the state of pollution of the surface waters of this part of the river. Wa ter sampling was carried out at four study stations during flood period and during low water period. In the light of the results obtained on the surface waters of the Sebou river, it is concluded to a degradation of water quality in both the winter and summer periods. In particular, an increase in the values of ammonium, COD and BOD 5 in addition to an acidic pH due to margine discharges and leaching of fertilizers and other discharges of wastewaters from the cities of Fez and Kariat Bamohamed.
- Lakes, rivers, wetlands and forests are part of the natural freshwater cycle. As populations increase, demand for water and energy is growing rapidly, creating challenges as freshwater is scarce in many regions.
- The article presents a study of net water evaporation from the Eastmain-1 Reservoir in Quebec, Canada, based on field measurements from 2008-2012. The study found that the reservoir's net evaporation is close to zero, meaning the reservoir does not significantly increase water loss through evaporation compared to pre-impoundment conditions.
- Methodology included using eddy covariance systems to measure evaporation from the reservoir and evapotranspiration from surrounding forests and wetlands. Results showed annual evap
IRJET- Water Quality Analysis of Avaragere Lake- A Case StudyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing water quality parameters of Avaragere Lake in Karnataka, India over a 2 month period. Twenty-two physical and chemical parameters were analyzed including turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, phosphates, nitrates, and heavy metals. The results showed fluctuations in the parameters throughout the sampling period. Higher amounts of alkalinity, pH, turbidity, and poor dissolved oxygen were observed. Most parameters were within permissible limits for drinking water. The lake was found to be influenced by nitrates, pH, chlorides, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, and some parameters exceeded drinking water limits, likely due to pollutants from various point and non-point
Estimation of the adriatic sea water turnover time using falloutsr as aradiac...trabajomuestreo
1. The document analyzes measurements of 90Sr activity concentrations in Adriatic Sea water from 1963-2003 at multiple locations along the Croatian coast.
2. A mathematical model was developed using 90Sr data from sea water and fallout samples to estimate the mean residence time of 90Sr in the Adriatic Sea.
3. By fitting the experimental 90Sr data to the theoretical model, the mean residence time of 90Sr in the Adriatic Sea was estimated to be approximately 3.4 ± 0.4 years. This value reflects the upper limit for the turnover time of Adriatic Sea water.
This document provides an overview of a study investigating the impact of urbanization on riverine water quality in the Mudgeeraba catchment area in Queensland, Australia. The study involved sampling at 6 sites along the Mudgeeraba Creek over 3 months to test for various water quality parameters. Parameters tested included faecal contamination, nutrient levels, dissolved metals, turbidity, and total suspended solids. Descriptions of each sampling site are provided including location, surrounding vegetation quality, and photos. The goals of the study were to identify any water quality issues or areas for improvement in the Mudgeeraba catchment.
Zander 2007 - Allochthonous DOC in floodplain riversAlek Zander
This research article explores using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) to fingerprint dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from various allochthonous sources in floodplain rivers. SPME-GC is a solventless extraction technique that can detect semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in DOC at parts-per-trillion levels. The study examines DOC leachates from leaves, bark, grass, soil and algae collected from the Murrumbidgee River floodplain. Preliminary results found each source material produced complex chromatograms of over 100 compounds and hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished the chemical profiles between sources, indicating SPME-GC could identify source-specific markers for DOC.
This study was aimed to know the sedimentation rate and the total suspended solid of the estuary in
relation to the implementation of melombo culture practice area. The sedimentation rate was measured using
sediment traps placed in 3 set stations and data were taken for 8 months of two weeks interval. The sediment
traps weremade of PVC pipe, 11.5 cm long and 5 cm diameter and located at 20 cm above the sea bottom.
Sediment samples were firstly soaked in freshwater for approximately 4 hours to remove salt content.
Sedimentation rate was determined as πr
2
h/time length, while Total Suspensi Solid (TSS) followed the formula
of Eaton, et al (1995). Results showed that the sediment trapped in station 1 ranged from 5.6 cm (109.9 cm3
) –
7.7 cm (151.11 cm3
) with an average of 6.61 cm (129.7 cm3
), station 2 from 5.3 cm (104 cm3
) to 8.5 cm (166.8
cm
3
) with an average of 7.18 cm (140.9 cm3
) and station 3 from 3.8 cm (74.6 cm3
) to 7.6 cm (149.2 cm3
) with an
average of 6.8 cm (133.8 cm3
), respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) ranged from 18.28 to 50.60 with an
average of29.165 (29.59%) for station 1, 27.84 to 47.48 with an average of38.99 (39.56%) for station 2, and
18.28 to 50.60 with an average of 30.405 (30.85%) for station 3, respectively.Based upon the decree of Living
Environment Minister Numbered 51, 2004, for marine biota, the TSS has been above the standard seawater
quality.
Ground Water Quality Assessment using Geo Spatial Technology in Part of Lower...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed groundwater quality in the lower Vaigai river basin in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India using geospatial technology. Water samples were collected from 10 locations and tested for parameters like pH, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and total dissolved solids. Maps showing the spatial distribution of water quality in 2003 and 2015 were generated. It was found that the maximum nitrate level was 4800 mg/l in 2006, and that some areas had increasingly high levels of salts and nitrates over time due to factors like fertilizer use and wastewater. The study identified some areas as potable and others as moderate or non-potable. It concluded that water quality is
Estimating and Classifying Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Flow Conditi...Beniamino Murgante
Estimating and Classifying Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Flow Conditions for Fish Habitats by Using Geostatistical Approaches with Measured Flow and Fish Data, Lin Yu-Pin, Wang Cheng-Long
The quality groundwater for irrigation in Fetzara basin, northeast AlgeriaInnspub Net
The document summarizes a study on the quality of groundwater in the Fetzara basin in northeast Algeria for irrigation purposes. Hydrochemical analysis of 25 groundwater samples found that salinity ranged from 1240-6390 μS/cm, with most samples classified as moderately saline. Evaluation of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC) found that 40% of samples were classified as C3S1 (high salinity, low sodium water) suitable for irrigation in most soils, while 60% were C4S1 (high salinity, low sodium) with some danger of exchangeable sodium and salinity issues. However, some samples had unsuitable values for sodium percentage, Kelly's index, magnesium hazards
The document summarizes a study on the density, biomass, and community structure of megabenthos in Ise Bay, Japan from 1993 to 1994. Five species dominated the megabenthos communities: Oratosquilla oratoria, Carcinoplax vestita, Charybdis bimaculata, Luidia quinaria, and Repomucenus valenciennei. The community structure changed seasonally, closely related to the development and disappearance of low-oxygen water in the bay each summer. A total of 132 megabenthos species were identified, with crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, and fishes being the most common
About the Interaction between water and Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ba Mineralize...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: One of the most important environmental concerns at mining sites is acid mine drainage (DAM), which is formed by the exposure sulfide minerals to air and water. The consequent production of sulfuric acid reduces the quality of water bodies and may allow the solubilization of potentially toxic metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn and Al. There is a range of laboratory procedures, classified as static and kinetic. Which have been used to understand the acidification and neutralization potencies of a rock through water/rock interaction process. These procedures seek to describe, quantify and predict the compositional changes of the solid and liquid phases in natural systems. The choice of techniques, methods, procedures and protocols requires the understanding of the problem to be solved or mitigated and is related to the specific geochemical and geological characteristics of the site to be analyzed. The elaboration of experimental procedures involves sampling strategies, selection of methodologies, (Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, speed, cost) and thus equipment and other necessary materials. This work presents the main static and kinetic procedures, highlighting its principles, advantages and limitations for selection and application in carbonate rocks rich in sulphide minerals. PH, Acid-Base Accounting and Net Acid Generation (NAG) are the static methods chosen. While the kinetic procedures chosen for the study of the natural enrichment of toxic metals in sulfate carbonate rocks is leaching columns, the Soxhlet system and reaction reactors. To provide more consistent drainage forecasts and hence better plans for the management of The results of different methods should be analyzed together.
This document is a thesis submitted to Plymouth University that examines the statistical reliability of sediment sampling methodology for contaminated estuaries. It analyzes metal concentration data from samples collected on grids from two estuaries in southwest England. Various sampling design elements are evaluated, including sieving pretreatment and spatial variability. Monte Carlo resampling is used to compare three sampling strategies with different sample sizes and spatial scales. The study aims to address assumptions in typical sampling designs and propose a generalized approach grounded in statistical reliability for future contamination surveys.
Vision & Mission, Course profile, :Lesson Plan, Definition on hydrology, hydrologic cycle, uses of hydrology, solar and earth radiation, temperature, measurement of radiation, vapor.
This document is a report submitted by Fiona Ribbons in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an MSci Earth Sciences degree. The report aims to assess the global dissolved manganese ocean mass balance by analyzing inputs, outputs, and processes that maintain its volume in the sea. It provides background on manganese concentrations and distribution in the ocean, noting that manganese fits the profile of a scavenged trace element with high surface and low mid-depth concentrations. The report then calculates the global ocean manganese inventory, analyzes inputs from various sources, discusses potential outputs, and other influencing processes like biogeochemistry and ocean currents. It aims to establish the manganese mass balance and discuss the anthropogenic influence. The report contains 15
Many people in Africa depend on water from
rivers and borehole, but purity of the drinking water from these
sources remains questionable. Mudzira River being the longest
River in a village called Vimtim located in Mubi North Local
government area in Adamawa State was studied in the months of
September to December, 2012 to ascertain the suitability of the
water for human consumption and other related uses. Five study
point: inlet (A, B), middle (C) and out let (D, E) were adopted for
monitoring the physico-chemical parameters using standard
procedures. The mean total temperature values were A (25.000C),
B (24.500C), C (25.500C), D (24.000C) and E (24.000C. Average P
H
values were A (8.00), B (7.87), C (8.20) D (8.37) and E (8.13). The
average conductivity values were A (73.90
1 cms
), B
(73.11
1 cms
), D (74.00
1 cms
) and E (73. 80
1 cms
). The
average total dissolves solid value of each sample were A (17.10),
B (17.10), C (20.00) D (21.64) and E (21.60.). The average
turbidity value of sample were A (47.00), B (47.00), C (50.00) D
(53.00) and E (50.00). Average total hardness value are A
(20.00mg/l), B (20.00mg/L) C (24.00mg/L), D (20.00mg/L) and E
(20.00mg/L). The average chloride content were A (12mg/L), B
(16mg/L), C (12 mg/L) D (16mg/L) and E (16mg/L). The average
calcium content were A (0.3mg/L) B (0.4mg/L), C (0.3mg/L), D
(0.3mg/L) and E (0.2mg/L). The average content of magnesium
were A (12mg/L), B (16mg/L), C (16Mg/L), D (12mg/L), E
(12mg/L). The lead content of River Mudzira water was
negligible. The mean coliform count were A (4), B (3), C (6), D
(7), and E (4).The values of the parameters studied were within
the WHO/NAFDAC recommended standards, excepts for total
coliform levels. In conclusion Vimtim residents consuming
untreated water from River Mudzira are potentially exposed to
possible acute, sub chronic or even chronic water borne diseases
like typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea etc.
This document summarizes a study on microbial metal cycling and bioaccumulation in roadside soils and streams. The study aims to establish relationships between urbanization and pollutant concentrations in a local stream ecosystem. Researchers analyzed metal concentrations in insects, soils, and sediments from different zones of a creek. They also investigated microbial oxidation and reduction of antimony species from roadside soils and isolated bacterial strains to study metabolic pathways. Preliminary results found higher arsenic and lead levels in downstream insects and trace antimony reduction by soils microbes. The study provides background on metal pollution impacts and aims to further examine seasonal shifts and microbial antimony processing.
TNC REPORT - Modeling nitrogen source loads on the north shore of LI 03-01-2016Gillian Mollod
This document summarizes the results of modeling nitrogen source loads to 13 subwatersheds along the north shore of Long Island from Little Neck Bay to Northport Bay. Wastewater from on-site waste disposal systems like septic tanks and cesspools was found to be the largest source of nitrogen in most subwatersheds. Atmospheric deposition and fertilizer use also contribute nitrogen, but to a lesser degree. The total nitrogen load and appropriate reduction strategies vary between subwatersheds based on their characteristics, and tailored approaches are needed. The modeling incorporated spatial data on land use, population, sewage systems and atmospheric deposition rates to quantify nitrogen inputs from wastewater, fertilizer and air pollution.
Vinh et al Methanogenic Diversity Two Vegetation TypesVinh Tran
This study examined methane production and the diversity of methanogenic microbes in sediments from two vegetation sites within an urban freshwater wetland. The sites were dominated by either Typha or Scirpus vegetation. Results showed methane production was higher under Typha but methanogen diversity did not differ significantly between sites. Methanosarcina and Methanolobus genera made up the majority of methanogen sequences identified. While vegetation and sediment properties varied between sites, methanogen community composition remained similar.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
investigative study of seasonal changesIJAEMSJORNAL
Physico-chemical parameters of River Oluwa water in Agbabu, Nigeria were investigated to determine its quality characteristics and establish seasonal effects on the water. Water from the river was collected at five different points in dry season (March, 2008 and 2009) and rainy season (July, 2008 and 2009). Insitu parameters (pH, EC and Turbidity) were measured using Horiba Water Checker Model U-10 while TDS was by Lovibond CM – 21 Tintometer. Subsequently in the Laboratory, Na+ and K+ were determined using flame photometric methods while Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, PO42- and NO3- were determined by wet analysis. River Oluwa water was alkaline with average pH of 7.41 and 7.53 in dry and rainy seasons respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was high during dry season (av. 630.44 µS/cm), but low in the rainy season (av. 317.58 µS/cm) due to long residence time in dry season allowing more water-rock interaction. Turbidity’s average values of 0.14 NTU and 2.29 NTU in dry and rainy seasons respectively suggested moderate pollution with particulate matter. The order of average cations concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons was Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ while that of the anions was HCO3- > Cl- >SO42- > NO3-. The ions concentrations though lower in rainy season, Ca2+-HCO3- water was dominant in both seasons. Quality evaluation for irrigation revealed that the water was suitable for all irrigation purposes. River Oluwa water was soft, low mineralized, chemically potable, suitable for irrigation but with lower ionic concentrations in rainy season.
Ecological and Agricultural monitoring of Sebou river waters at Kariat Bamoha...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Kariat Bamohamed is an agricultural region located to the west of the city of Taounate and north of the city of Fez. The surface waters in the region are mainly composed by the Sebou river and many natural springs. The study concerns the analysis of hydrochemical parameters (T°, pH, CE, MES, O 2 , BOD 5 , COD, Cl-, PO 4 3 , NH 4 + and NO 3-) along the middle Sebou river region of Kariat Bamohamed in order to establish a diagnosis of the state of pollution of the surface waters of this part of the river. Wa ter sampling was carried out at four study stations during flood period and during low water period. In the light of the results obtained on the surface waters of the Sebou river, it is concluded to a degradation of water quality in both the winter and summer periods. In particular, an increase in the values of ammonium, COD and BOD 5 in addition to an acidic pH due to margine discharges and leaching of fertilizers and other discharges of wastewaters from the cities of Fez and Kariat Bamohamed.
- Lakes, rivers, wetlands and forests are part of the natural freshwater cycle. As populations increase, demand for water and energy is growing rapidly, creating challenges as freshwater is scarce in many regions.
- The article presents a study of net water evaporation from the Eastmain-1 Reservoir in Quebec, Canada, based on field measurements from 2008-2012. The study found that the reservoir's net evaporation is close to zero, meaning the reservoir does not significantly increase water loss through evaporation compared to pre-impoundment conditions.
- Methodology included using eddy covariance systems to measure evaporation from the reservoir and evapotranspiration from surrounding forests and wetlands. Results showed annual evap
IRJET- Water Quality Analysis of Avaragere Lake- A Case StudyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing water quality parameters of Avaragere Lake in Karnataka, India over a 2 month period. Twenty-two physical and chemical parameters were analyzed including turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, phosphates, nitrates, and heavy metals. The results showed fluctuations in the parameters throughout the sampling period. Higher amounts of alkalinity, pH, turbidity, and poor dissolved oxygen were observed. Most parameters were within permissible limits for drinking water. The lake was found to be influenced by nitrates, pH, chlorides, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, and some parameters exceeded drinking water limits, likely due to pollutants from various point and non-point
This study investigated ecological processes in an urban stormwater lake during its ice-covered period from November to mid-April. Data from two winter seasons showed chlorophyll-a levels under ice were 22% of open-water levels, indicating primary productivity still occurs. Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher under ice, likely from road and urban runoff. Under ice, total phosphorus levels correlated positively with chlorophyll-a when nutrient ratios were low, suggesting phosphorus controls algal growth. The results provide evidence of active nutrient cycles in stormwater lakes during winter, contrary to assumptions of dormancy under ice cover.
Seasonal Histopathological Changes in Gill Structure of Orecohromis niloticus...iosrjce
This study was carried out to identify the histopathological changes taking place in gill structure of
cichlids; Orecohromis niloticus collected from three different fishing areas namely, Ginka, Beshteir and Deshdy
in Manzalah Lake .This lake receives enormous quantities of industrial and agricultural wastes through
different sources of drainage water from Bahr el-Bakar, Hados, Ramses and El Sirew drains.Histopathological
observation showed hyperplasia, hypertrophy and fusion of lamellae, edema, telangiectasis and necrosis in gills
of O.niloticus in Ginka and Beshteir subjected to more wastes than in Deshdy relatively far from the inflow of
heavy polluted water.
Environmental conditions and zooplankton community structure in five ponds in...Innspub Net
The degradation of surface water quality in Cameroon is linked to the absence of a functional waste management strategy. For such a strategy to be efficient, a general understanding of aquatic ecosystems will be of importance, these management strategies are particularly lacking in the eastern part of the country. To better understand and appreciate the ecosystems in the town of Bertoua, five ponds where chosen for the physicochemical and zooplankton communities analysis. Sampling on these ponds was conducted from March 2016 to April 2017 on a monthly basis. Samples for physicochemical analysis were collected at 20cm below water surface at the middle of each pond and measured were done following the recommendations of Rodier and Alpha. Biological samples were collected by filtering 50 liters of water through a 64µm mesh opening sieve. Identification was done using standard methods and identification keys. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess the potential differences between the different ponds base monthly observations. Although they are all hypereutrophic, with regard to the values of the physicochemical parameters, the five ponds showed no significant difference between them but, the structure of the zooplankton community remains very diverse. 118 zooplankton species have been identified in the five ponds. The distribution of zooplankton in these hydrosystems was mainly governed by the presence of organic matter. This study sheds light on the status and biological diversity of ponds in eastern Cameroon, data on which to rely to develop management strategies.
The multivariate statistical analysis of the environmental pollutants at lake...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes environmental pollutants in Lake Nyamagoma in Tanzania using multivariate statistical analysis of water samples collected from 8 sites during the wet season.
2. The results show variation in pollutant levels controlled by factors like primary productivity, redox conditions, dissolution, nitrification, denitrification, mixing, and reduction processes, as well as human activities in the area.
3. Four factors were extracted from the analysis: 1) high turbidity and primary productivity, 2) cation exchange processes, 3) variation in pollutants by depth and nutrients from the catchment, and 4) reduction processes and increased salinity.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of vertical thermal and dissolved oxygen trends on fish species in Oguta Lake, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from various depths and analyzed for temperature and dissolved oxygen over one year. The results show that temperature generally decreases with depth, from 22-28.4°C near the surface to 22-24.5°C deeper in the lake. Dissolved oxygen also decreases with depth. These vertical trends indicate that Oguta Lake is thermally stratified and eutrophic. Certain temperature and oxygen levels are favorable for fish spawning, growth and migration. Some fish are more active near the surface and susceptible to catching, while others prefer deeper waters. The hypolimnion shows
Spatial variation in physico chemical parameters of eastern obolo estuary, ni...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the spatial and temporal variation of physicochemical parameters in the Eastern Obolo estuary in Nigeria. Water samples were collected from five locations in the estuary over three months and analyzed for various parameters. Results showed significant spatial variations in total dissolved solids, pH, salinity and conductivity increasing toward the sea. Mean values of nickel, potassium, total dissolved solids and other parameters exceeded limits for aquatic life. The estuary plays a role in diluting and removing pollutants but high levels of contamination indicate it may not be suitable as a drinking water source.
Delta del Po e cambiamento climatico, lo studio della RegioneAlessiaDeMarchi2
Nell'ambito del progetto europeo "Change we care", a cui ha partecipato la Regione Veneto sono stati raccolti documenti e mappe legate all'evoluzione, anche storica, del territorio del Delta del Po. Eccone una sintesi
Potential hydrogeological, environment and vulnerability to pollution of the ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the potential hydrogeology, environment, and vulnerability to pollution of aquifers in the coastal basin of Essaouira, Morocco. The region contains two main aquifers - the Plio-Quaternary and Turonian. Analysis found the aquifers highly vulnerable to pollution, with 61% highly vulnerable and 20% very highly vulnerable. Vulnerability was highest in the western coastal area and decreased moving eastward. Water quality analysis found the Plio-Quaternary groundwater to be of varying salinity, dominated by sodium and chloride ions, indicating vulnerability to seawater intrusion if overexploited.
Potential hydrogeological, environment and vulnerability to pollution of the ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the potential hydrogeology, environment, and vulnerability to pollution of aquifers in the coastal basin of Essaouira, Morocco. The region contains two main aquifers - the Plio-Quaternary and Turonian. Mapping showed that 61% of the region has high vulnerability to pollution, 20% has very high vulnerability, and 15% has medium vulnerability. Areas of very high vulnerability are located in the western coastal area. Groundwater flow is generally from southeast to northwest, influenced by the regional geology. The aquifers provide drinking water and irrigation but are threatened by overuse, seawater intrusion, and potential pollution from development.
Rainy seasonal analysis of Physico-chemical parameters of Mukungwa River at N...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Water availability and quality are important factors that determine not only where people can live, but also the quality of life. The Mukungwa river is affected by rainy season especially at Ngaru point before discharge in Nyabarongo river, where its physico-chemical properties are seasonally changed. This may cause serious problems on all forms of life in the river. Objective of this work was to assess the impacts of rainy season on physico-chemical properties of Mukugwa River before discharging into Nyabarongo River at Ngaru. The parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids (TSS), phosphates, nitrates, and ammonium were monitored in three rainy seasons: April, 2012; October, 2012 and May, 2017 respectively. In this research, pH, temperature, electric conductivity were analyzed in situ using multifunction pH-meter and others parameters, were analyzed in laboratory using electrometric, volumetric, turbidity tube and colorimetric methods. The measured values for each parameter in three seasons were analyzed using MS Excel, and then compared to their international standards for surface water delivered by World Health Organization (WHO). The findings showed high variation of TSS (134mg/l, 178mg/l, and 582mg/l), turbidity (322NTU, 317NTU and 1560NTU) and ammonium (0.498mg/L, 0.536mg/L and 0.78mg/L) in three rainy seasons assessed. The quality of Mukungwa River needs prevention measures in order to control its pollution by erosion.
This document analyzes the seasonal bioaccumulation of copper in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) collected from the Butuanon River in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from four stations along the river in both the dry and wet seasons. Copper levels in the water were within acceptable standards but exceeded limits in some sediment samples. Guppies from one station exceeded safe copper levels for fish. The bioaccumulation factor, which measures how much copper accumulates in fish from water, was higher in the wet season. The octanol-water partition coefficients, which indicate the form and levels of copper, varied between stations. Traces of thiodiazole were also
Aquatic ecosystems are hot spots of most terrestrial biodiversity. They interact with their surrounding terrestrial area through food webs and habitat resources. The aquatic ecosystems also attract a wide range of other fauna including wading and migrating birds, amphibians, riparian mammals and insects. Furthermore, aquatic ecosystems have ability to recycle nutrients of wastewater. Despite many benefits they have, their potentiality in the rehabilitation of quarries is not well recognized. The recent effort on the rehabilitation of quarry site is mostly focused on terrestrial plants despite the fact that quarries life are heterogeneous ecosystems. Owing to this reason, there is a need of using the potential of aquatic ecosystems to enhance the rehabilitation of quarries sites. The present project is therefore focused on establishing the aquatic ecosystem at Wazo hill quarry.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Tanzania.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/potential-use-aquatic-ecosystems-enhancement-rehabilitation-mining-sites
Seasonal variations in heavy metal status of the calabar river, cross river s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined seasonal variations in heavy metal concentrations in the Calabar River in Cross River State, Nigeria. Surface water samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons across five stations and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, and total hydrocarbon concentrations were low in both seasons and within acceptable limits. Some metals like chromium, cadmium, barium, nickel, vanadium and mercury were not detected. The sources of heavy metals included runoff from industrial, agricultural and residential areas during the wet season and effluent discharges from industrial and municipal waste during the dry season. The river's ecological status is important to protect.
Seasonal variations in heavy metal status of the calabar river, cross river s...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examined seasonal variations in heavy metal concentrations in the Calabar River in Cross River State, Nigeria. Surface water samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons across five stations and analyzed for heavy metals. Results showed that iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, and total hydrocarbon concentrations were low in both seasons and within WHO standards. Chromium, cadmium, barium, nickel, vanadium and mercury were not detected. Some metals like iron, zinc, copper, lead and hydrocarbons varied significantly between seasons. The sources of heavy metals included runoff from industrial, agricultural and residential areas in the wet season and effluent discharges in the dry season. The river's heavy
This document summarizes a study of the physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Dayet Aoua in Morocco between March 2015 and February 2016. Key findings include:
- The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Dissolved oxygen levels were high, indicating the lake is well-oxygenated throughout.
- Temperature varied seasonally from 7.1°C in winter to 25.6°C in summer. The water remained well-mixed with no temperature variation between surface and bottom.
- pH was alkaline, ranging from 7.77 to 11.45. Conductivity varied from 362 to 520 μs/cm depending on inflow from a tributary river
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characterization of water quality in Dayet Aoua lake in Morocco. Key findings from the study include:
1) The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Temperatures ranged from 7.1°C to 25.6°C depending on the season.
2) pH levels remained alkaline between 7.77 and 11.45. Dissolved oxygen levels indicated the lake is well oxygenated.
3) Nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were low, indicating an absence of organic pollution and classifying the lake as mesotrophic.
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characterization of water quality in Dayet Aoua lake in Morocco. Key findings from the study include:
1) The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Temperatures ranged from 7.1°C to 25.6°C depending on the season.
2) pH levels remained alkaline between 7.77 and 11.45. Dissolved oxygen levels indicated the lake is well oxygenated.
3) Nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were low, indicating an absence of organic pollution and classifying the lake as mesotrophic.
This 3 sentence summary provides the essential information from the document:
Dr. Sidi Mohammed Raoui has been accepted as a member of the American Association for Science and Technology (AASCIT) according to his Certificate of Membership, which certifies his membership status and privileges from May 30, 2015 to May 29, 2016 under membership number 1003810.
Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et
Techniques de Santé (ISPITS) de Tétouan, Maroc, AV
Abdelkhaleq Torres, Saniat Rmel, Tétouan, Maroc (siraoui@yahoo.fr), Auteur Correspondant.
Bacterial and phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was measured from
March to December 1998 in the mesotrophic Allal El Fassi reservoir located in a semiarid
zone (Morocco). The total APA varied between 0,107-1,780 mmol PNP·L-1·h-1. In
epilimnion, the bacteria contributed significantly (> 60%) to the total APA. In the meta
and hypolimnion, the APA was predominantly algal (> 58%). The absence of correlation
between APA and orthophosphates indicates that the hydrolysis caused by this enzyme
was not a significant process in the recycling of phosphorus in Allal El Fassi reservoir.
So, the APA was not a valid test of phosphorus deficiency.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Earth Day How has technology changed our life?
Thinkers/Inquiry • How has our ability to think and inquire helped to advance technology?
Vocabulary • Nature Deficit Disorder~ A condition that some people maintain is a spreading affliction especially affecting youth but also their adult counterparts, characterized by an excessive lack of familiarity with the outdoors and the natural world. • Precautionary Principle~ The approach whereby any possible risk associated with the introduction of a new technology is largely avoided, until a full understanding of its impact on health, environment and other areas is available.
What is technology? • Brainstorm a list of technology that you use everyday that your parents or grandparents did not have. • Compare your list with a partner.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical
Sciences
Physico-Chemical and Trophic Characterization Of « Dayet Aoua »
(Lake –Middle Atlas –Morocco).
K Bouayad 1*, S Rachiq 1, I Hinchi 1, Z Idrissi 1, C Rais1, M Raoui 2, and K Derraz 1
1Laboratory of Environment and Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Technical Sciences Fès-Saïs,
Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (Morocco).
2Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technology ISPITS Av Abdelkhelek Tores Saniat Rmel Tetouan
(Morocco).
ABSTRACT
The study was done at the Dayet Aoua lake located in the province of Ifrane middle atlas Morocco,
during the study period spread over 12 months between March and February 2015, at the deepest point of the
lake. The study consists on the physico-chemical characterization of the water quality of the LAKE. The results
of 2 times monthly analysis obtained during the period of study , show that water of the lakes is transparent
(maximum transparency of 5,3m), well oxygenated until the bottom with an average content oxygen of 9,1
mg/l, the temperatures varies from 7,1°C to 25,6°C according to seasons, and pH remain alkaline with an
average of 9,61. The nitrogen and phosphorus analysis of the lake give very low values, and do not detect any
kind of pollution of the organic type being able to generate its eutrophication. According to the analysis,
chlorophyll “a” (4, 79 μg.L-1), total phosphorus 0,011mg.L-1and transparency 4, 35 m, the current
classification of the lake is mesotrophic lakes.
Keywords: Lake, physico-chemical parameters, chlorophyll a, mesotrophic.
*Corresponding author
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INTRODUCTION
The Moroccan middle atlas contains large natural reserves, forestry and hydrogeological diversified
with a wet climate and sub humid favouring the development of lakes, ponds and streams. The lakes are very
sensitive and respond quickly to changes in the conditions of environmental and climate change [1].
However its waters of surfaces was more and more exposed to pollution which required a referred to
characterize the environment of lakes and to reconstruct changes that have suffered these natural ecosystems
[2].
Currently, wetlands are at the heart of any environmental news, they represent a challenge for the
management of the quality and quantity of the water, for the preservation of the heritage landscape and
cultural, see same History [3].
The lake DayetAoua which is the subject of our study is part of the most important wetlands of the
Middle Atlas of Morocco [4]. Despite its importance this area meeting of threat as a result of anthropogenic
activity on the one hand since the latter is accessible and on the other hand to the indiscriminate use of
groundwater in the field of agriculture.
To study this lake ecosystem it must first put the item on the quality of these waters it is for this
reason we are interested in studying the physico-chemical quality of the lake including the whole of the
parameters influence on the biological activity of living beings that inhabit this last and therefore, the
performance biological.
The physicochemical data of the lake water DayetAoua and therefore, its current quality, will allow us
to confirm the character lake trophic to know is what the balance reigns is in the middle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Site
The Lake DayetAoua is located in the eastern part of the Middle Atlas. Its coordinates are 32°58'N and
05°27'W (Topographic Map Ifrane) at 49km of the city of Fez, 7 km from the city of Imouzzer of Kandar, 18km
of Ifrane, 36 km of Azrou and 75 km from Meknes. Its morphometric characteristics are presented in Table
1[5].
Table 1: Morphometric characters of the lake of Dayet Aoua of Middle atlas Morocco
Altitude(m) S (ha) L (m) l (m) P (m) Pmax (m) Pmoy (m)
1460 140 1255 362 3400 5,3 0,22
S : superficie ; L : longueur ; l : largeur ; P : périmètre ; Pmax : profondeur maximale ; Pmoy : profondeur
moyenne
The lake can be classified as river type since it presents a main entrance (Oued El Kantra) and an
output at the level of the dam (Fig.1). During these past two decades, the lake has experienced three periods
of drying: in 1995, 2002 and 2006 [6].
Uptake
The uptake are carried out two times per month and between March 2015 and February 2016, his last
have been carried out at the deepest point of the lake (≈ 5 m), because in limnology, the deepest point of the
lake is used, in a standard way, place of sampling the physicochemical parameters of the water and the results
sampled are more representative of the whole of the lake depths of 0, 1, 2, and 4 m. Has the assistance of a
bottle closing parenthesis of type Van Dorn horizontal, samples have been made to the entrance and the exit
of the lake in order to justify the mobilization of nutrients .
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Physicochemical parameters measured in situ are the transparency of the water (Secchi disk),
temperature, conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen (thermometer, pH-meter, conductivity meter and
oximeter). The title Complete alcalimétrique, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, ortho-phosphate, total nitrogen
and total phosphorus are determined following the standard methods described in Rodier[7]. The
determination of the levels of chlorophyll a is made after extraction by the acetone and spectrophotometry
reading by the method described by the work SCOR-UNESCO [8].
Figure 1: Site and point of the uptake.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Transparency
The maximum depth is 5, 3 m presents the clear waters in the whole period of the study(Fig.2). In
effect the transparency varies from 3.1 to 5.2 m the lowest values are recorded in the autumn period by
against the maximum values are recorded in the summer period.
Figure 2: Variation of transparency at Dayet Aoua lake as a function of time
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Figure 3: Temperature variation in Dayet Aoua lake at depths 0m, 1m, 2m and 4m as a function of time
Temperature:
The temperatures ranged from 7.1°C during the month of February to the depth 4m to 25.6°C in the
month of July near the surface (Fig.3). This shows that there is a large amplitude variation between the cold
season and the hot season. The review of vertical profiles shows no remarkable variation of the temperature
values between the surface and the bottom, this makes this lake a non-stratified homothermal medium.
Hydrogen potential
The pH of the water remains alkaline varies between 7.77 and 11.45 (Fig.4).These levels are
considerably higher than those reported, on the same medium, [6].but are of the same order of magnitude as
those recorded by [9].This may be explained on the one hand by the nature-carbonate Calcium and
magnesium from the parent rock and the effect of the wind which standardizes the middle with the absence of
vertical profiles of the other part.
Figure 4: Hydrogen potential variation in Dayet Aoua lake at depths 0m, 1m, 2m and 4m as a function of
time
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Figure 5: Conductivity variation in Dayet Aoua lakeat depths 0m, 1m, 2m and 4m as a function of time
Conductivity
Electrical conductivity recorded during the period of study has ranged from 362 to 520 μs.cm-1
(Fig.5),
this parameter is influenced, in our case, by the variations of the flow rate of the water of the main tributary
(Oued El Kantra) in which we have always recorded values significantly higher (M = 700 μs.cm-1
) to those
measured at the middle of the lake [6].
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen is a very important element by the fact that it affects the status of several mineral
salts, the degradation of the organic matter and the life of aquatic animals [10]. For the whole of the levies,
dissolved oxygen present significant variations from one point to another and participates in the majority of
chemical and biological processes in the aquatic environment [11]. During the period of the study, the results
obtained show that the lake is slightly oxygenated. In general, the low values of the Dissolved Oxygen promote
the development of pathogenic germs [12].
During the study period dissolved oxygen varies from 4.12 mg.L-1
to 14.1 mg.L-1
(Figure 6), the results
obtained show that the lake is well oxygenated.
The low values were obtained during the autumn period, as well as the recorded peaks coincide with
those of the chlorophyllian pigments, which testify to the importance of the algal biomasses and their
photosynthetic activities.
Figure 6: Dissolved Oxygen variation in Dayet Aoua lakeat depths 0m, 1m, 2m and 4m as a functionof time
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Figure 7 : Nitrogen and phosphorus elements variationin Dayet Aoua lake at depths 0m, 1m, 2m and 4m as
a functionof time : (a) nitrites, (b) nitrate, (c) ammonium, (d) total nitrogen, (e) orthophosphate, (f) total
phosphorus
Nitrogenous elements and phosphorus
Nitrate levels in the course of the cycle of study varies between 0 mg.L-1
and 0,46mg.L-1
(Fig. 7a). The
maximum value has been registered during the month of March near the surface [13].There has been a slight
elevation of the concentrations of nitrates in the course of the winter season may be explained by the external
inputs mainly due to precipitation and the decomposition of the organic matter. In effect the peaks of the
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dissolved oxygen levels coincides with those of chlorophyll pigments, this attest to the importance of the algal
biomass and their photosynthetic activities.
Nitrites is an unstable form which is rapidly transformed into nitrate from the blow it is present to
values well less than the nitrates during the cycle of study. The maximum value recorded is 0.009 mg/L during
the month of January (Fig. 7b). The low concentrations of the nitrous nitrogen at the level of all stations during
the course of the cycle of study reflect the proper functioning of the cycle of nitrogen, of the fact that this form
is oxidized in the presence of oxygen by the aerobic bacteria to give the nitrate form [13].
The ammonium in the water usually reflects a process of degradation incomplete of organic matter.
The levels of ammoniacal nitrogen in function of the depth varies between 0 mg.L-1
and 0.08 mg.L-1
(Fig. 7c). The
maximum value has been recorded during the month of February by against the decline has been recorded in
the month of October is this is due to the late precipitation on the one hand and on the other hand is
explained by the significant assimilation of ammonium by the phytoplankton and the bacteria.
For the total nitrogen the recorded values are low between 0.012 mg.L-1
and 0.81 mg.L-1
(Fig. 7d). This
shows as the reported ABBA et al. [9] And FAZUL et al [6] that there is no trace of organic pollution in the
environment.
The concentrations of orthophosphate obtained at the level of different depths show variations
during the whole cycle of study between 0 mg.L-1
and 0.07 mg.L-1
(Fig. 7e). The maximum value is recorded in
the month of March near the surface and this is due to the exogenous inputs due to the laundry.
For total phosphorus the values found remain to state of trace with a maximum value of 0.08 mg.L-
1
(Fig. 7f). This is generally due to the strong decomposition of the organic matter that coincides with the
reduction of the volume of the water in particular during the summer period.
Chlorophyll a
Seasonal variations reveal that in spring period, the values are relatively high, the maximum
concentration of 8.68 μg.L-1
is registered in the month of April (Fig.8).
Figure 8: chlorophylle a variation in Dayet Aoua lake at depths 0m, 1m, 2m and 4m as a functionof time
In summer and winter periods there has been a decline in the levels of chlorophyll a the minimum
concentration is recorded in the month of February 2.1 μg.L-1
in depth 4m.
In the fall season is particularly the month of October there was a slight elevation of the chlorophyll
content has the maximum value recorded is 5.7 μg.L-1
, due to the development of several species on the one
hand and the late precipitation on the other hand which has fostered the phytoplankton activity.
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Statistical analysis
The data obtained were analyzed statistically (ANOVA and PCA) to find the variability existing
between the different depths studied. The data was processed using SPSS 19 software. A comparison test of
averages was done whenever there was a significant factor effect studied by the ANOVA.
Analysis of variance ANOVA
The Table (2) represents the results of the test analysis of variance bivariate fixed model applied to
each of the 11 variables measured during the campaign studied in March 2015 to February 2016 at the level of
the site DayetAoua. The analysis of variance ANOVA bivariate has for purpose to determine the existence
between the different settings following the month or rather the seasons in the period studied.
Table 2: Analysis of variance
Paramètres Profondeurs Saisons
F P value summary Significant F P value
summary
Significant
Temperature 0,81 0,97 ns No 99,78 0*** Yes
pH 1,72 0,915 ns No 139,14 0*** Yes
Conductivity 1,26 0,945 ns No 73,11 0*** Yes
Dissolved oxygen 0,10 0,999 ns No 40,05 0*** Yes
TAC 0,23 0,995 ns No 6,19 0,001*** Yes
Total nitrogen 0,26 0,853 ns No 43,25 0*** Yes
Nitrate 1,32 0,273 ns No 1,32 0,710 ns No
Nitrite 1,33 0,269 ns No 1,33 0*** Yes
Ammonium 1,19 0,317 ns No 1,19 0*** Yes
Orthophosphate 1,95 0,220 ns No 1,95 0*** Yes
Total phosphorus 3,42 0,199 ns No 3,42 0*** Yes
Transparency 0 1 ns No 5,18 0*** Yes
Chlorophylle a 0,009 0,960 ns No 43,83 0*** Yes
p > a = 0,05 : (ns) differences not significant ; p < a = 0,05 : (*) just significant differences ; p < a = 0,01 : (**)
highly significant differences; p < a = 0,001 : (***) very significant différences ; F: valeur F de Fisher
The table represents variables that are significant for seasons and non-significant for depths. The time
factor influences all parameters except nitrite and this is explained by the climate in the region and the flora
and fauna that play a key role in the characterization of the lake environment according to the seasons. While
the depths do not influence the parameters, that means, there is not a remarkable difference between the
depths, therefore the absence of the thermocline at the level of the column, water and the homogeneity that
prevails the environment.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)
The analysis in main component allows to analyze the digital data Quantitative to reduce the
dimensionality to the main factors of interactions between variable and graphically represent the
interrelationships.
In order to determine Generally the correlations that exist between the different parameters abiotic
following this study and in order to give a synthesis, this analysis has been carried out on the whole of the
variables (11 environmental parameters) using the SPSS software.
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Figure 9: Distribution des paramètres physicochimiques sur le plan factoriel de l’ACP (C1 x C2), T° =
temperature, Cond. = conductivity, O2 = dissolved oxygen, pH =potential hydrogen, NH4 = ammonium, NO3
= nitrates, NO2 = nitrites, NT = total nitrogene, PO4 = ortho phosphates, TAC = titre alcalimétrique, PT =
phosphore total
Figure 9 presents respectively the correlations between the parameters measured and pins (F1 and
F2). The two axs explain 51,29% of the information contained in the data matrix. Based on the criterion of
Kaiser who said that during a PCA This measure gives an overview of the overall quality of the inter
correlations items. The index KMO is 0.7 (Table 3), we can judge that the correlations between the items is
good represent according to the correlation matrix[14]. The test result of sphericity of Bartlet is significant (p <
0.0005), we can conclude that the correlations are not all equal to zero, the variables are dependent on each
other.
Table: 3KMO index and Bartelet test
Mesure de précision de l'échantillonnage de Kaiser-
Meyer-Olkin.
0,727
Test de sphéricité de
Bartlett
Khi-deux approximé 468,914
Ddl 55
Signification de Bartlett 0,000
Nitrogen, conductivity and nitrite strongly contribute to the construction of the main axis 1, and
individualize son this last positive rating. Temperature, pH and dissolve de-oxygen participates to the
contribution of the same axis but individualizes the negative rating.
Nitrate, orthophosphate and total phosphorus contribute positively to the construction of the
secondary axis and oppose negatively on the same axis with alcalimétrique and ammonium.
The grouping and the positioning of the variables in the circles of correlations allows us to distinguish
four groups of variables, on the plan of the first 2 factorialaxs of the CPA to a matrix "Seasons-depths"
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.Therefore the main axis that represents 34,73% of the inertials explained by factor seasons and the secondary
axis that represents 16,61% of the overall inertia explained by depth factor .
CONCLUSION
The results of this work are a contribution to the spatio-temporal study of the lacustrine system in the
Moroccan Middle Atlas. According to the classification standards of the state of lakestrophie, we can classify
Day et Aoua as mesotrophic lake during the study period, differently from what has been announced by Abba
et al. and by Fazul et al, during the sampling campaigns conducted in 2005 and 2011. This designation is
confirmed not only by the physico-chemical analysis but also by the concentration of chlorophyll a. The
conditions which have favored this state of trophie are the lowp recipitation recorded duringour period of
levies. This situation can get worse if measures are not taken, because the process of eutrophication may
increase and lead toward a not desirable trophic status
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