The document summarizes the art and architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from 1206-1572 CE. It describes how the Sultanate originated after Muhammad of Ghor's conquest of northern India and established five dynasties that controlled the region. It provides examples of important architectural works commissioned by early Sultans like the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi and discusses how later rulers like Ala al-Din Khalji and Firuz Shah Tughlaq expanded architectural works and initiated new building traditions. The document concludes by noting the Lodi dynasty established many tomb structures in what is now New Delhi before their rule ended with Babur's defeat in 1526.
The document discusses the art and architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from 1192 to 1526. It mentions the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque built in 1192-1196 with its colonnades and sandstone gate. The Qutub Minar begun in the early 13th century and Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq's tomb in Delhi are also noted. Illustrations from the Nimat Nama book of delicacies from the early 16th century depict the Shah with women and the enjoyment of betel. Paintings from Mandu and Central India between 1490-1505 also feature the Sultan with ladies.
The document summarizes the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate period. It discusses the five dynasties that ruled Delhi - the Slave Dynasty, Khilji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyid Dynasty and Lodi Dynasty. It provides details of notable structures like Qutub Minar, Alai Minar, Tughlaqabad Fort, Feroz Shah Kotla and tombs of sultans. It mentions that Qutub Minar is the world's tallest brick minaret and Ala-ud-Din wanted to build an even taller minaret called Alai Minar but it remained incomplete. It also summarizes that Tughlaqabad Fort had thick sloping
This Presentation contains plenty of infomation about the archaelogical resources of India's one of the most glorious periods The Sultanate Period. Hope you enjoy it.
The document summarizes the history of the Delhi Sultanate from its establishment in 1206 AD until its end in 1526 AD after the First Battle of Panipat. It was ruled by 5 dynasties over its 320 year period and saw the construction of important architectural and religious sites in Delhi including the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of sultans like Iltutmish and Alauddin Khilji.
The Tughlaq dynasty ruled Delhi from 1321-1414 CE and made significant contributions to architecture. They built many civil structures, religious institutions, roads, bridges and other infrastructure. Major constructions included the massive Tughlaqabad Fort, various capital cities, and buildings within the fort like the citadel and palace complex. Later rulers like Mohammed Tughlaq and Feroz Shah Tughlaq also built extensively, constructing new cities, mosques, bridges and other architectural works. Key buildings discussed include the Khirki Masjid, Ferozshah Kotla, and the tomb of Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq. The Slave Dynasty that preceded the T
The document discusses the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate, which was ruled by five dynasties over 320 years, including tombs, mosques, and forts constructed by the Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodhi dynasties, such as the Qutub Minar, Tughlaqabad Fort, and tomb of Muhammad Shah Sayyid. It also describes the decline of the Lodhi dynasty in the early 16th century and their defeat by Babur that marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate period.
The document provides details about the history and culture of Hauz Khas in Delhi, India. It discusses how the Hauz Khas reservoir was originally built in 1295 AD by Alauddin Khilji to supply water to the city of Siri. It later dried up but was excavated again in 1351 AD by Feroz Shah Tughlaq, who also built structures around it like a madrasa. Today, Hauz Khas is known for its ruins from the 14th century as well as its modern shopping area, though some village character remains. Key historic sites mentioned include the tomb of Feroz Shah Tughlaq and the ruined madrasa buildings.
The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom based in Delhi that ruled northern parts of India for 320 years between 1206-1526 CE. It was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and passed through five successive dynasties of Turkic and Afghan origin - the Mamluk, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi. The Delhi Sultanate built important architectural landmarks like the Alai Gate and Qutub Minar during the Mamluk and Khilji periods, before being replaced by the Mughal Empire in 1526.
The document discusses the art and architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from 1192 to 1526. It mentions the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque built in 1192-1196 with its colonnades and sandstone gate. The Qutub Minar begun in the early 13th century and Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq's tomb in Delhi are also noted. Illustrations from the Nimat Nama book of delicacies from the early 16th century depict the Shah with women and the enjoyment of betel. Paintings from Mandu and Central India between 1490-1505 also feature the Sultan with ladies.
The document summarizes the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate period. It discusses the five dynasties that ruled Delhi - the Slave Dynasty, Khilji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyid Dynasty and Lodi Dynasty. It provides details of notable structures like Qutub Minar, Alai Minar, Tughlaqabad Fort, Feroz Shah Kotla and tombs of sultans. It mentions that Qutub Minar is the world's tallest brick minaret and Ala-ud-Din wanted to build an even taller minaret called Alai Minar but it remained incomplete. It also summarizes that Tughlaqabad Fort had thick sloping
This Presentation contains plenty of infomation about the archaelogical resources of India's one of the most glorious periods The Sultanate Period. Hope you enjoy it.
The document summarizes the history of the Delhi Sultanate from its establishment in 1206 AD until its end in 1526 AD after the First Battle of Panipat. It was ruled by 5 dynasties over its 320 year period and saw the construction of important architectural and religious sites in Delhi including the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of sultans like Iltutmish and Alauddin Khilji.
The Tughlaq dynasty ruled Delhi from 1321-1414 CE and made significant contributions to architecture. They built many civil structures, religious institutions, roads, bridges and other infrastructure. Major constructions included the massive Tughlaqabad Fort, various capital cities, and buildings within the fort like the citadel and palace complex. Later rulers like Mohammed Tughlaq and Feroz Shah Tughlaq also built extensively, constructing new cities, mosques, bridges and other architectural works. Key buildings discussed include the Khirki Masjid, Ferozshah Kotla, and the tomb of Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq. The Slave Dynasty that preceded the T
The document discusses the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate, which was ruled by five dynasties over 320 years, including tombs, mosques, and forts constructed by the Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodhi dynasties, such as the Qutub Minar, Tughlaqabad Fort, and tomb of Muhammad Shah Sayyid. It also describes the decline of the Lodhi dynasty in the early 16th century and their defeat by Babur that marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate period.
The document provides details about the history and culture of Hauz Khas in Delhi, India. It discusses how the Hauz Khas reservoir was originally built in 1295 AD by Alauddin Khilji to supply water to the city of Siri. It later dried up but was excavated again in 1351 AD by Feroz Shah Tughlaq, who also built structures around it like a madrasa. Today, Hauz Khas is known for its ruins from the 14th century as well as its modern shopping area, though some village character remains. Key historic sites mentioned include the tomb of Feroz Shah Tughlaq and the ruined madrasa buildings.
The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom based in Delhi that ruled northern parts of India for 320 years between 1206-1526 CE. It was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and passed through five successive dynasties of Turkic and Afghan origin - the Mamluk, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi. The Delhi Sultanate built important architectural landmarks like the Alai Gate and Qutub Minar during the Mamluk and Khilji periods, before being replaced by the Mughal Empire in 1526.
The document summarizes the architecture of the sultanate period in Delhi between 1191-1526 AD. It describes the architectural developments during the rule of the Mamluk dynasty (1191-1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451-1526). Some of the important structures from this period mentioned include Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Minar, Hauz Khas, and the tombs of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, F
Indian Islamic inscriptions date back to the late 12th century AD following the conquest of Delhi by Muhammad Ghori. Early inscriptions were found on movable objects like weapons and tombs, as well as forts. The early language of records from the Delhi Sultanate was Arabic, while later the primary language became Persian as it had become the official state language. In addition to Arabic and Persian inscriptions, some were bilingual using regional languages like Gujarati, Tamil, and Malayalam along with Persian.
- Prophet Muhammad founded Islam in 570 AD and received revelations from Gabriel in 610 AD instructing him to convey the message of believing in one God, Allah. However, he faced resistance and persecution in Mecca, leading him to flee to Medina in 622 AD, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- Several invaders later conquered parts of India, including Muhammad bin Qasim who defeated the king of Sindh in 712 AD, Muhammad Ghazni who attacked India 17 times between 1000-1026 AD plundering wealth and destroying temples, and Muhammad Ghauri who defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 AD capturing Delhi.
- The Delhi Sultan
This document discusses the rich history evident in the many monuments across Delhi from empires that have ruled the city. It notes that every empire has left its mark through marvelously crafted monuments. The art and architecture of Delhi is described as magical. A list of notable monuments in Delhi is then provided, including India Gate, Red Fort, Qutub Minar, Safdarjung's Tomb, Old Fort, and others.
Architecture study of Red fort, Qutub minar and Rasprati bhawanAditi Rajput
The document compares and contrasts three iconic architectural sites in Delhi - Red Fort, Rastrapati Bhavan, and Qutub Minar. It discusses the history and architectural designs of each site. Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan and showcases later Mughal architecture. Rastrapati Bhavan, formerly the Viceroy's House, was designed by Edwin Lutyens as the residence for the British viceroy in New Delhi. Qutub Minar was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and is a soaring tower that tapers from a wide base to a narrow top. The document also notes the environments around each site.
This document provides information about several historical monuments in Delhi, India. It describes the Red Fort, a spectacular piece of Mughal architecture built by Shah Jahan between 1638-1648. It outlines the features of India Gate, a memorial archway built in 1921 to commemorate Indian soldiers who died fighting for Britain. It also summarizes Humayun's Tomb, built in the mid-16th century as the tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun and notable for its Persian-style architecture. The document concludes with brief descriptions of the Qutub Minar tower and Jantar Mantar observatory.
The document provides an overview of the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from the 12th to 14th centuries CE. It describes several important architectural structures from the period, including the Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque built in 1192 CE, the tomb of Ghiyasuddin Balban from 1287 CE, and the Qutb Minar which was started in 1192 CE. It also mentions other tombs such as Firoz Shah's tomb from 1352 CE and the mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. The document discusses features of the architecture such as pointed horseshoe arches, decorated columns, and the blending of Indo-Islamic
The Lodhi dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the last dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate. The dynasty was founded by Bahlul Lodhi and the last ruler, Ibrahim Lodhi, was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, marking the end of the Lodhi dynasty. Compared to previous dynasties like the Sayyids, the Lodhi dynasty had a more stable administration during its 75 year rule.
GOLCONDA FORT (sometimes spelled as Golkonda) Fort was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Golconda which flourished in the 14th to 16th century. It is situated 11 kilometers from Hyderabad, the capital of the state of Telangana.
The walls ranging from 17 to 34 feet broken by 87 semi-circular bastions in shape, some reaching 60 feet in height, and built on a granite hill that is 400 feet high and it remains one of India’s most magnificent fortress complexes. Even before the kingdom of Golconda rose in prominence, the beginning of the fort was thought to be in 1143, when the Kakatiya Dynasty ruled the region.
This document provides information about several architectural sites in Delhi, India and their designs:
Raj Ghat is a simple black marble platform marking Mahatma Gandhi's cremation site. Humayun's Tomb, commissioned by Akbar for Humayun, has a high rubble enclosure and two gateways. The India Habitat Centre is a multipurpose building constructed with courtyards, meeting rooms, and restaurants. Dilli Haat is an open-air food and crafts plaza built on reclaimed land to resemble an Indian village.
The document provides information about several historical monuments and buildings located in the Qutub complex in Mehrauli, Delhi, India, including the Qutub Minar tower, Alai Darwaza gateway, and Tughlaq tombs. It describes the Qutub Minar as a 72.5 meter tall minaret that was begun in the 12th century and completed in the 14th century. The Alai Darwaza gateway was built in 1311 and features horseshoe arches and intricate carvings. The Tughlaq tombs from the 14th century exhibit early Indo-Islamic architectural styles with influences from Hindu temple design.
Indian monuments showcase the country's rich history and culture through architectural styles that were influenced by different empires over centuries. Some of the most notable monuments discussed include the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for his wife; Qutub Minar, the tallest tower in India; and the Red Fort, once the royal palace in Delhi. Other historic sites described are the Khajuraho Temples, Ajanta Caves, Elephanta Caves, Charminar mosque, and Agra Fort. The document emphasizes that India possesses a valuable archaeological heritage and it is important for society to preserve these national treasures for future generations.
The document discusses the history of architecture and rulers in India during the Mughal dynasty. It describes how architecture flourished under different Mughal emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. Major architectural achievements included the Red Fort in Agra, the city of Fatehpur Sikri, the Shalimar Bagh gardens in Kashmir, and Humayun's tomb which was influenced by Persian architecture. The Qutub Minar tower in Delhi was also an important architectural landmark from this period.
The Red Fort in Delhi was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan between 1638-1648. It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors until 1857. The fort covers an area of 124 acres and is built with red sandstone and surrounded by high walls. It features various palaces, halls, and mosques, and remains an important historical and tourist site in Delhi.
Red fort and rastrapati bhavan compare and comparisionIHCSEM1
Both the Red Fort and Rashtrapati Bhavan are important historical sites located in Delhi. The Red Fort was constructed in the 17th century as the residence and administrative center of the Mughal Empire. Rashtrapati Bhavan currently serves as the official residence of the President of India. While one symbolizes the past Mughal kingdom, the other represents modern Indian democracy. Both structures provide insight into India's rich political history and culture.
The Three major forts of Delhi which represent Delhi's past very gloriously. The Red Fort, The Old Fort and The Salimgarh Fort. Here we Trace their history and also study about their evolution, conservation measures adopted for them and their present use.
The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed in the 17th century as the main residence of the Mughal emperors. It covers an area of over 250 acres within high walls and features various architectural buildings from the peak of Mughal creativity. Some key structures within the fort include the Lahore Gate, the Diwan-i-Am hall where the emperor addressed the public, the private imperial apartments along the Yamuna River, and the later addition of the Moti Masjid mosque. The fort served as the capital of the Mughal Empire until 1857 when the British exiled the last Mughal emperor after the failed rebellion.
The Slave Dynasty ruled northern India from 1200-1290 CE. They were former slaves who rose to power. Key buildings from this period include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, and tombs of Iltutmish, Balban, and others. The Slave Dynasty made advances in architecture, using true arches for the first time in India in the tomb of Balban. The dynasty ended when the Khilji dynasty took power in 1290.
The document discusses the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from 1206-1526 CE. It describes the five dynasties that ruled: Mamluk, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi. Important structures from the Mamluk dynasty included Qutub Minar, Balban's tomb, and Sultan Ghari tomb. Qutub Minar is the world's tallest brick minaret located in Mehrauli. Balban's tomb was the first to use arches in Indian architecture. Sultan Ghari was the first Islamic mausoleum built in 1231 CE. The document provides details on the architectural features and historical significance of these monuments from the Delhi Sultan
12. town planning during pre mughal period in india and pakistan.Noshad Ahmed Wahocho
The Lodhi dynasty ruled northern India from 1451 to 1526 and founded the city of Delhi. They built tombs on raised platforms and used a mixture of architectural styles including arches, beams, balconies and cave-like structures. The tomb of Sikander Lodhi built in 1517 is considered one of the finest examples of Lodhi architecture. The Shisha Gumbad tomb built between 1489-1517 combined Islamic and Hindu elements. The Lodhis practiced Islam and recognized Allah as the one God and Muhammad as the final prophet. Their rule ended when they were defeated by the Mughals led by Babur at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, establishing the
The document summarizes the architecture of the sultanate period in Delhi between 1191-1526 AD. It describes the architectural developments during the rule of the Mamluk dynasty (1191-1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451-1526). Some of the important structures from this period mentioned include Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Minar, Hauz Khas, and the tombs of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, F
Indian Islamic inscriptions date back to the late 12th century AD following the conquest of Delhi by Muhammad Ghori. Early inscriptions were found on movable objects like weapons and tombs, as well as forts. The early language of records from the Delhi Sultanate was Arabic, while later the primary language became Persian as it had become the official state language. In addition to Arabic and Persian inscriptions, some were bilingual using regional languages like Gujarati, Tamil, and Malayalam along with Persian.
- Prophet Muhammad founded Islam in 570 AD and received revelations from Gabriel in 610 AD instructing him to convey the message of believing in one God, Allah. However, he faced resistance and persecution in Mecca, leading him to flee to Medina in 622 AD, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- Several invaders later conquered parts of India, including Muhammad bin Qasim who defeated the king of Sindh in 712 AD, Muhammad Ghazni who attacked India 17 times between 1000-1026 AD plundering wealth and destroying temples, and Muhammad Ghauri who defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 AD capturing Delhi.
- The Delhi Sultan
This document discusses the rich history evident in the many monuments across Delhi from empires that have ruled the city. It notes that every empire has left its mark through marvelously crafted monuments. The art and architecture of Delhi is described as magical. A list of notable monuments in Delhi is then provided, including India Gate, Red Fort, Qutub Minar, Safdarjung's Tomb, Old Fort, and others.
Architecture study of Red fort, Qutub minar and Rasprati bhawanAditi Rajput
The document compares and contrasts three iconic architectural sites in Delhi - Red Fort, Rastrapati Bhavan, and Qutub Minar. It discusses the history and architectural designs of each site. Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan and showcases later Mughal architecture. Rastrapati Bhavan, formerly the Viceroy's House, was designed by Edwin Lutyens as the residence for the British viceroy in New Delhi. Qutub Minar was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and is a soaring tower that tapers from a wide base to a narrow top. The document also notes the environments around each site.
This document provides information about several historical monuments in Delhi, India. It describes the Red Fort, a spectacular piece of Mughal architecture built by Shah Jahan between 1638-1648. It outlines the features of India Gate, a memorial archway built in 1921 to commemorate Indian soldiers who died fighting for Britain. It also summarizes Humayun's Tomb, built in the mid-16th century as the tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun and notable for its Persian-style architecture. The document concludes with brief descriptions of the Qutub Minar tower and Jantar Mantar observatory.
The document provides an overview of the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from the 12th to 14th centuries CE. It describes several important architectural structures from the period, including the Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque built in 1192 CE, the tomb of Ghiyasuddin Balban from 1287 CE, and the Qutb Minar which was started in 1192 CE. It also mentions other tombs such as Firoz Shah's tomb from 1352 CE and the mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. The document discusses features of the architecture such as pointed horseshoe arches, decorated columns, and the blending of Indo-Islamic
The Lodhi dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the last dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate. The dynasty was founded by Bahlul Lodhi and the last ruler, Ibrahim Lodhi, was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, marking the end of the Lodhi dynasty. Compared to previous dynasties like the Sayyids, the Lodhi dynasty had a more stable administration during its 75 year rule.
GOLCONDA FORT (sometimes spelled as Golkonda) Fort was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Golconda which flourished in the 14th to 16th century. It is situated 11 kilometers from Hyderabad, the capital of the state of Telangana.
The walls ranging from 17 to 34 feet broken by 87 semi-circular bastions in shape, some reaching 60 feet in height, and built on a granite hill that is 400 feet high and it remains one of India’s most magnificent fortress complexes. Even before the kingdom of Golconda rose in prominence, the beginning of the fort was thought to be in 1143, when the Kakatiya Dynasty ruled the region.
This document provides information about several architectural sites in Delhi, India and their designs:
Raj Ghat is a simple black marble platform marking Mahatma Gandhi's cremation site. Humayun's Tomb, commissioned by Akbar for Humayun, has a high rubble enclosure and two gateways. The India Habitat Centre is a multipurpose building constructed with courtyards, meeting rooms, and restaurants. Dilli Haat is an open-air food and crafts plaza built on reclaimed land to resemble an Indian village.
The document provides information about several historical monuments and buildings located in the Qutub complex in Mehrauli, Delhi, India, including the Qutub Minar tower, Alai Darwaza gateway, and Tughlaq tombs. It describes the Qutub Minar as a 72.5 meter tall minaret that was begun in the 12th century and completed in the 14th century. The Alai Darwaza gateway was built in 1311 and features horseshoe arches and intricate carvings. The Tughlaq tombs from the 14th century exhibit early Indo-Islamic architectural styles with influences from Hindu temple design.
Indian monuments showcase the country's rich history and culture through architectural styles that were influenced by different empires over centuries. Some of the most notable monuments discussed include the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for his wife; Qutub Minar, the tallest tower in India; and the Red Fort, once the royal palace in Delhi. Other historic sites described are the Khajuraho Temples, Ajanta Caves, Elephanta Caves, Charminar mosque, and Agra Fort. The document emphasizes that India possesses a valuable archaeological heritage and it is important for society to preserve these national treasures for future generations.
The document discusses the history of architecture and rulers in India during the Mughal dynasty. It describes how architecture flourished under different Mughal emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. Major architectural achievements included the Red Fort in Agra, the city of Fatehpur Sikri, the Shalimar Bagh gardens in Kashmir, and Humayun's tomb which was influenced by Persian architecture. The Qutub Minar tower in Delhi was also an important architectural landmark from this period.
The Red Fort in Delhi was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan between 1638-1648. It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors until 1857. The fort covers an area of 124 acres and is built with red sandstone and surrounded by high walls. It features various palaces, halls, and mosques, and remains an important historical and tourist site in Delhi.
Red fort and rastrapati bhavan compare and comparisionIHCSEM1
Both the Red Fort and Rashtrapati Bhavan are important historical sites located in Delhi. The Red Fort was constructed in the 17th century as the residence and administrative center of the Mughal Empire. Rashtrapati Bhavan currently serves as the official residence of the President of India. While one symbolizes the past Mughal kingdom, the other represents modern Indian democracy. Both structures provide insight into India's rich political history and culture.
The Three major forts of Delhi which represent Delhi's past very gloriously. The Red Fort, The Old Fort and The Salimgarh Fort. Here we Trace their history and also study about their evolution, conservation measures adopted for them and their present use.
The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed in the 17th century as the main residence of the Mughal emperors. It covers an area of over 250 acres within high walls and features various architectural buildings from the peak of Mughal creativity. Some key structures within the fort include the Lahore Gate, the Diwan-i-Am hall where the emperor addressed the public, the private imperial apartments along the Yamuna River, and the later addition of the Moti Masjid mosque. The fort served as the capital of the Mughal Empire until 1857 when the British exiled the last Mughal emperor after the failed rebellion.
The Slave Dynasty ruled northern India from 1200-1290 CE. They were former slaves who rose to power. Key buildings from this period include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, and tombs of Iltutmish, Balban, and others. The Slave Dynasty made advances in architecture, using true arches for the first time in India in the tomb of Balban. The dynasty ended when the Khilji dynasty took power in 1290.
The document discusses the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate from 1206-1526 CE. It describes the five dynasties that ruled: Mamluk, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi. Important structures from the Mamluk dynasty included Qutub Minar, Balban's tomb, and Sultan Ghari tomb. Qutub Minar is the world's tallest brick minaret located in Mehrauli. Balban's tomb was the first to use arches in Indian architecture. Sultan Ghari was the first Islamic mausoleum built in 1231 CE. The document provides details on the architectural features and historical significance of these monuments from the Delhi Sultan
12. town planning during pre mughal period in india and pakistan.Noshad Ahmed Wahocho
The Lodhi dynasty ruled northern India from 1451 to 1526 and founded the city of Delhi. They built tombs on raised platforms and used a mixture of architectural styles including arches, beams, balconies and cave-like structures. The tomb of Sikander Lodhi built in 1517 is considered one of the finest examples of Lodhi architecture. The Shisha Gumbad tomb built between 1489-1517 combined Islamic and Hindu elements. The Lodhis practiced Islam and recognized Allah as the one God and Muhammad as the final prophet. Their rule ended when they were defeated by the Mughals led by Babur at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, establishing the
12. town planning during pre mughal period in india and pakistan.Noshad Ahmed Wahocho
The Lodhi dynasty ruled northern India from 1451 to 1526 and founded the city of Delhi. They followed a mixture of architectural styles including Turkish and Tughlaq influences. Notable buildings from this period included the tomb of Sikander Lodhi, which featured a raised platform and dome, and the Mosque of Moti Ki Masjid. The Lodhis were Muslims and their rule ended when they were defeated by the Mughal Empire, founded by Babur, in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
The document provides an overview of the history of Islamic architecture in India. It discusses how Islamic architecture developed differently from Hindu temple architecture by using arches instead of beams. Key developments included the Qutub Mosque and Minar complex in Delhi built in the late 12th century, which were some of the earliest examples of Islamic architecture in India and helped establish the imperial style. This style then continued and evolved over the centuries as different Islamic dynasties like the Slave Kings, Khalji, Tughluq, Sayyid and Lodi ruled Delhi.
The document discusses the eight cities of Delhi that existed between 1100-1947 AD. It begins with Qila Rai Pithora, established in the 10th century by Prithviraj Chauhan. After Prithviraj's defeat in 1192, Qutubuddin Aibak established Mehrauli, building structures like the Qutub Minar. Alauddin Khilji later created Siri, and Ghiasuddin Tughlaq built Tughlaqabad. Firoze Shah then constructed Firozabad. Sher Shah went on to build Purana Qila, and Shah Jahan created the walled city of Shahjahanabad. Finally, the British
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
Module 3 islamic architecture under imperial ruleBinumol Tom
The document summarizes Islamic architecture under the Imperial style in India between 1191-1557 AD. It describes key architectural developments and structures during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlak, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Important buildings mentioned include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltutmish, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of Balban and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. The Imperial style saw an evolution from initial unplanned structures to carefully designed mosques, tombs, and minarets that began incorporating Hindu elements.
The document summarizes the architectural styles of the sultanate dynasties that ruled Delhi between 1191-1557 AD. It discusses the key monuments constructed during each dynasty, including the Qutub Minar and Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque during the Slave Dynasty, the Alai Darwaza gateway during the Khilji Dynasty, and the cities of Tughlaqabad and Firoz Shah Kotla during the Tughlaq Dynasty. Important tomb structures from later dynasties like the Sayyid and Lodi dynasties are also outlined, such as the tombs of Muhammad Shah Sayyid and Sikander Lodi.
The document provides an overview of Mughal architecture during the rule of several Mughal emperors, including Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir. It discusses some of the most significant architectural legacies of each ruler, such as Babur building mosques in Panipat and Sambhal, Humayun constructing Purana Qila in Delhi, and Akbar commissioning iconic structures like Humayun's Tomb and Fatehpur Sikri. The presentation highlights how Mughal architecture blossomed during Akbar's reign and integrated Persian, Indian and Islamic architectural styles.
Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The document discusses the evolution of Islamic architecture in India from the 12th to 16th centuries during the Delhi Sultanate period. It covers the major architectural developments and monuments constructed during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties. Key monuments mentioned include the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza, tombs of Iltutmish and Sultan Ghari from the Slave dynasty, and Adhai Din Ka Jhopra mosque from the Khalji dynasty. Developments during the Tughlaq dynasty such as tombs of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq,
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The document discusses architecture and construction in South Asia between the 8th-18th centuries. During this period, kings and rulers built various structures like forts, palaces, temples and mosques to demonstrate their power and devotion. Architectural styles were shared across regions as large empires brought different areas under their influence, and new techniques in construction developed over time.
The document discusses the origins and development of Indo-Islamic architecture in India. It began with the Ghurid dynasty establishing Delhi as their capital in 1193 and introducing Persian architectural styles. Over subsequent dynasties like the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, Indo-Islamic architecture blended Persian, Central Asian and indigenous Indian styles. Key structures discussed include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, and tombs from the Slave and Khilji dynasties that showed an early synthesis of styles. Later, the architecture became more Persianized, though Emperors like Akbar and Shah Jahan produced works blending regional Indian modes as well.
The document summarizes the Delhi Sultanate period from 1206 to 1489 CE, including the different dynasties that ruled - the Mamluks, Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids, and Lodis. It also describes several important monuments constructed during this time, including the Qutub Minar, Tughlaqabad Fort, Alai Darwaza, Jammat Khana Masjid, Ghiasuddin Tughlaq's tomb, and Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia Dargah.
The Mughal rulers were great builders who constructed impressive architectural works like mausoleums, mosques, forts and gardens. Mughal architecture was influenced by Persian styles and is known for features like bulbous domes, minarets and ornate decoration. Sher Shah built several monuments continuing the Lodi style, such as the Purana Quila fort in Delhi and his magnificent tomb in Sasaram. Akbar was a great patron of architecture, combining Hindu and Persian influences in buildings at Fatehpur Sikri and Agra Fort. The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Shah Jahan for his wife, is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN PUNJAB DURIND MEDIEVAL PERIOD.pdfBhanuSharma161525
The document summarizes the development of architecture in the Punjab region of India during the medieval period. It describes the architectural styles that emerged under different ruling dynasties, including the Mughals. Key developments included the Qutub Minar tower built in the 12th century, and grand buildings constructed under the Mughal emperors Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb, such as the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, and Jama Masjid mosque. The architectural styles reflected a blending of Islamic, Persian, and Indian influences. By the late 17th century, political chaos led to a decline in Mughal architecture.
Feroz Shah Kotla was a fortress built in 1354 in Delhi by Feroz Shah Tughlaq as the new capital of the Delhi Sultanate. It contained several important structures from the Tughlaq period, including the Jami Masjid mosque and an Ashokan pillar originally from Ambala that was brought to Delhi under Feroz Shah's orders. The site and its buildings fell into disrepair over time after subsequent rulers dismantled structures for materials. It is now a popular place of pilgrimage where people come to make wishes and prayers, believing that jinns descend there from heaven weekly to accept requests.
Harsha (606-648) briefly restored unified rule in North India, developing a time of peace and prosperity. He sent the first envoy from India to China. Mahmud of Ghazni (998-1030) controlled Afghanistan and made over 20 raids into northern India, plundering cities and destroying Hindu and Buddhist sites. This helped spread Islam. The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526) was the first Muslim dynasty to rule northern India. The Chola Kingdom (850-1267) dominated southern India and Southeast Asia by sea. The Vijayanagar Kingdom (1336-1565) dominated southern India and patronized the arts until being overrun by Muslim invaders.
This document provides information on several Buddhist temples and structures in Thailand. It describes a large bronze Buddha statue in one temple that had smaller Buddha statues discovered inside of it. It discusses temples built by kings in the 1350s and 1500s that were later destroyed by the Burmese in 1767, including a 16 meter tall gold-covered Buddha statue. The document shares details on buildings, artifacts, and relics housed in various temples and museums throughout Thailand dating back 500-1000 years.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
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Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
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The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
Hajj and umrah notes short procedure with important duas and translation
Arth303 delhi sultanate-final
1. The Saylor Foundation 1
Art and Architecture of the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1572)
Maps showing the extent of the various rulers of the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1572)
Terms of Use: The image above is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Unported license. It is attributed to Wikipedia user Javierfv1212. The original version can be found here.
Arab traders had been visiting the Indian subcontinent for centuries, but it was not until
the late 12th century, when Muhammad of Ghor (1162–1206) conquered most of
northern India, that large numbers of Muslims entered India for the first time. After
Muhammad of Ghor’s death, one of his generals, Qutb al-Din Aibak (1150–1210),
declared his independence and proclaimed himself sultan. His son Iltutmish (r. 1211–
1236) was later confirmed as the sultan of Delhi by the caliph in Baghdad. For roughly
the next 300 years, the Turkish rulers of the Delhi Sultanate controlled the northern
portion of India under five different dynasties. The extent of land controlled by each of
these dynasties is shown in the maps above.
2. The Saylor Foundation 2
Left: Colonnades in the central courtyard of the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, Qubt Complex, Delhi, 1192–
1196
Right: The sandstone gate of the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, Qubt Complex, Delhi, 1198
Terms of Use: Left image: This image is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
License. It is attributed to Flickr user Gary Ho. The original version can be found here. Right image: This
image is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. It is attributed to Flickr
user stevekc. The original version can be found here.
One of Qutb al-Din Aibak’s first acts as sultan was the commissioning of a mosque—
Quwwat ul-Islam, or ―Might of Islam‖—in the center of the conquered Hindu stronghold
of the citadel of Delhi. The mosque’s open courtyard, colonnades, and qibla wall were
built from the pillars and ceilings of 27 Hindu temples. These repurposed pillars had to
be stacked on top of each other to achieve the height necessary for the mosque’s
colonnades, which can be seen in the above photo on the left. Qutb al-Din Aibak later
added an enormous sandstone screen in front of the mosque, which you can see above
on the right. Although based on Iranian prototypes, the mosque was built by local
craftsmen who used corbelled arches, a technique commonly used in Indian temples—
but not in earlier Islamic architecture—to create the structure. Corbelled arches are
constructed by laying stone blocks on top of each other, with each block protruding
slightly beyond the blocks below until they meet at the top of the archway. The façade
was decorated with Arabic calligraphy and vegetal motifs. The iron pillar that you see in
front of the center of the central arch in the image on the right was taken from a temple
dedicated to the Hindu deity Vishnu and erected as a trophy. To the south of the
mosque, Qutb al-Din Aibak began to construct a massive minaret (72.5 meters/238 feet)
that was later completed by his son and successor, Iltutmish. The minaret is decorated
with wide bands of calligraphy intermingled with floral and vegetal motifs. Iltutmish also
later constructed a plain square stone tomb with a corbelled dome. His commissioning
of this tomb initiated the tradition of constructing royal tombs, which many successive
Muslim rulers in India would follow.
Left: A ceremonial gateway leading to the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, Qutb Complex, Delhi, 1311
Right: Alai Minar, Qutb Complex, early 14th century
Terms of Use: Left image: This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license. It is attributed to Wikimedia user Poco a
poco. The original version can be found here. Right image: This image is licensed under the Creative
3. The Saylor Foundation 3
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Germany license. It is attributed to Wikipedia user Kavaiyan. The
original version can be found here.
The Qutb Complex, as the original mosque and its successive additions are collectively
known, was further expanded by the ambitious Sultan Ala al-Din Khalji (r. 1296–1313),
who added a massive ceremonial gateway made of a true arch and dome and
decorated with blocks of red sandstone and white granite. It was completed in 1311 and
is pictured above on the left. Ala al-Din Khalji also began the construction of a second
massive minaret: the Alai Minar. Although it was intended to be twice the size of the
minaret built by Qutb al-Din Aibak and Iltutmish, it was never completed. The remains of
its massive foundation can be seen above on the right.
By the time the Tughlaq dynasty controlled the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, an
indigenous Islamic culture was emerging in northern India. The Tughlaqs built a
massive fortified city six kilometers (3.5 miles) north of the Qutb Complex. Like the
practice of building royal tombs began by Iltutmish, successive Islamic rulers would
follow Tughlaq practice and build a new capital after they came to power. The remains
of this city and the capital cities constructed by successive Tughlaq rulers are located
around the outskirts of the modern city of Delhi. Muhammad ibn Tughlaq’s failed
attempt to conquer southern India in the early 14th century also led to the establishment
of independent Islamic rulers in the Deccan, whose courts remained important centers
of Islamic cultures for several centuries.1
Left: The two upper stories of the Qutb minaret constructed by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, 1368
Right: The tomb of Firuz Shah Tughlaq in Hauz Khas, Delhi, 1351–1388
Terms of Use: Left image: This image is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
License. It is attributed to Varun Shiv Kapur. The original version can be found here. Right image: This
image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. It is
attributed to Wikipedia user Nvvchar. The original version can be found here.
At a time when the Tughlaq dynasty’s power extended little beyond the area
surrounding the city of Delhi, Firuz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388) initiated several large
1
The Deccan is a large plateau making up most of southern India.
4. The Saylor Foundation 4
building projects, including hunting pavilions, palaces, mosques, canals, wells, and
sluices. One of his most interesting projects was the transport of two large columns
originally erected by Emperor Ashoka (c. 304–232 B.C.E.), a powerful ancient Buddhist
ruler, to Delhi. One of these pillars, known as the golden minaret, was erected beside
the mosque that Firuz Shah Tughlaq built. He also added two stories to the top of the
minaret originally constructed by Qutb al-Din Aibak and Iltutmish after it was damaged
by lightning, which you can see above on the left. Firuz Shah Tughlaq also constructed
a madrasa and tomb complex, which today is known as Hauz Khas. The main school
overlooked a large water tank, and there were small kiosks scattered throughout the
grounds where religious discussions could be held. His domed tomb, which you can see
above on the right, was made of limestone, brick, and plaster, and its terrace was
surrounded by a railing of which today only some of the columns and banisters remain.
Railings were often used in Indian Buddhist structures but are unusual in Islamic
contexts and may, like the reuse of Emperor Ashoka’s columns, have been meant to
recall the power and glory of ancient India.
Left: Lodi royal tomb, Lodi Gardens, Delhi, 14th century
Terms of Use: Left image: This image is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0
Generic License. It is attributed to Dave Kleinschmidt. The original version can be found here.
In 1398, Timur (Tamerlane) sacked Delhi, and it was not until the mid-15th century that
the Lodis established themselves as the last rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. Rather than
build new cities, mosques, or madrasas, as previous Islamic rulers had done, the Lodis
built many tomb structures around the modern city of New Delhi. Previously, only kings
and saints were buried in large mausoleums, but under the Lodi rulers, large tombs
were also constructed by the nobility. This has to do with the Lodi conception of
5. The Saylor Foundation 5
kingship. Originally a tribal group with origins in Afghanistan, the Lodis considered a
king to be first among equals, and tomb building was not considered solely as a royal
prerogative. The tombs of the Lodi sultans were octagonal, such as the one you see
above on the left, while the tombs of the Lodi nobles were square. The large necropolis
that contains royal and noble tombs today is known as the Lodi Gardens. The
necropolis is entered by the imposing domed gate that you see above on the right. Lodi
rule also saw the introduction of the Iranian double dome, where one dome was
constructed on top of the other with a space left in between. The Lodi dynasty and the
Delhi Sultanate came to an end in 1526 when Mughal founder Babur defeated the last
Lodi ruler.
Koran written in Bihari script, c. 1400–1425
Terms of Use: The image above is available in the public domain.
The early rulers of the Delhi Sultanate are often viewed as iconoclasts, pillaging and
destroying Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples.2
Their actions should be understood
against Islamic prohibitions of anthropomorphic representation and the original shock
that probably accompanied their first encounters with sumptuously decorated Hindu,
Buddhist, and Jain temples and their deities. Although almost no metalwork has
survived that was produced under the patronage of the Delhi Sultanate, a distinct
tradition of book production can be traced to the Delhi beginning in the 15th century.3
At
this time, a new style of calligraphy used in Korans called the Bihari script emerged,
with distinctive wedge-shaped letters, thick bowl-like shapes for endings, and ample
2
Jainism is an Indian religion that emphasizes a path of nonviolence toward all living beings and the
necessity of self-effort to move the soul toward divine consciousness and liberation.
3
Earlier manuscripts were probably destroyed when Timur sacked Delhi in 1398.
6. The Saylor Foundation 6
space left between words. An example of a Koran written in the Bihari script can be
seen above.
Royal painting workshops appear to have flourished under more liberal rulers but were
disbanded when conservatives came to the throne. Not many examples of illustrated
manuscripts created under the Delhi Sultanates have survived, but an interesting copy
of the Shahnama, or The Book of Kings, created in the mid-15th century under Lodi
rule, bares a close relationship to contemporary Jain paintings. Many of the women in
the illustrations are depicted with full breasts and small waists, with the lower folds of
their garments arranged in stiff triangles. Such imagery contrasts sharply to Persian
illustrations of the Shahnama. Other more common features that appear in manuscripts
during the 15th century that are based on Indian traditions include groups of people in
serried rows and identical poses, narrow bands of decoration that run across the width
of the composition, and bright and unusual colors that replace the modulated colors
typically found in earlier Timurid painting.