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ECG reading
Tachyarrhythmia
慈濟醫院台北分院 鄭詩 醫師璁
心律不整
• 心跳過快、過慢、忽快忽慢,暫時停止跳動
• 臨床上最常發生的症狀是心悸、胸悶、胸痛、
突然感覺心臟的跳動和撞擊,甚至會有暈眩、
昏厥、呼吸困雞的情形
• 心律不整嚴重者甚至會發生血壓下降、冒冷汗
、休克、心跳停止、猝死等心臟科急 症。
原因
 生理性的心律不整
 心臟本身的疾病,有些是先天性心臟的問題,也
有些是後天因為心血管疾病所導致的心律不整。
 心理性心律不整多起因於興奮、緊張、壓力、情
緒失控等原因。
 外物所導致的心律不整,即是因為長期服用利尿
劑、減肥 藥、安非他命,甚至喝含有咖 因的飲啡
料等,此外如嘔吐、腹瀉、脫水等導致電解質異
常時都會造成心律不整,
• 心搏過慢,
– 由於全身循環的血液量來自於心跳次數,嚴重
的心跳太慢,只能靠人工心跳節律器加以矯治 :
• 心搏過速,
– 亦即成人心跳每分鐘多於一百下,是最常見的
心律不整,有可能發生危險。
分鐘心跳數每 > 100 則為心搏過速
分鐘心跳數每 < 60 則為心搏過緩
竇房結 房室結  希氏束
右束枝 左束枝
浦金纖維
Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis
Increased/Abnormal Automaticity
Sinus tachycardia
Junctional tachycardia
Ectopic atrial tachycardia
www.uptodate.com
Mechanism of Reentry
Mechanism of Reentry
Reentrant Rhythms
• AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
• AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
– Orthodromic
– Antidromic
• Atrial flutter
• Atrial fibrillation
• Ventricular tachycardia
Mechanism of AVNRT
Example of AVNRT
Mechanism of orthodromic AVRT
Mechanism of antidromic AVRT
快速心律判讀準則與方法快速心律判讀準則與方法
1. 心跳數(快、慢)
2. QRS ( 、窄)寬
3. P 波( P wave )
4. 規則性( Regularity )
5. P & QRS 相關性
What is the heart rate?
(300 / 6) = 50 bpm
www.uptodate.com
What is the heart rate?
(300 / ~ 4) = ~ 75 bpm
www.uptodate.com
What is the heart rate?
(300 / 1.5) = 200 bpm
寬 QRS 波
(VT, Idioventricular rhythm)
窄 QRS 波
(Sinus, Atrial, Junctional rhythm, PSVT)
竇房結 房室結  希氏束
右束枝 左束枝
浦金纖維
Waveforms and Intervals
寬寬 QRSQRS 波波 (Ventricle)(Ventricle)
窄窄 QRSQRS 波波 (SA, A, AV)(SA, A, AV)
沒有脈搏沒有脈搏 (( 致命的心律致命的心律 ))
Torsade de Pointes
EKG Characteristics: Irregular wide-complex
tachycardia
The morphology, amplitude, and
axis of the QRS complexes cycle
through a sinusoidal pattern
No discernable P waves
規則心律規則心律
規則心律規則心律
不規則
快速心律判讀準則與方法
1. 心跳數(快、慢)
2. QRS ( 、窄)寬
( wide or narrow QRS )
3. P 波( P wave )
4. 規則性( Regularity )
5. P & QRS 相關性
Attack
30 minutes later
Recovery
Flutter 2:1
Atrial Flutter
Most cases of atrial flutter are caused by a large reentrant circuit in the wall of the
right atrium
EKG Characteristics: Biphasic “sawtooth” flutter waves at a rate of ~ 300 bpm
Flutter waves have constant amplitude, duration, and
morphology through the cardiac cycle
There is usually either a 2:1 or 4:1 block at the AV node,
resulting in ventricular rates of either 150 or 75
bpm
www.uptodate.com
Unmasking of Flutter Waves
In the presence of 2:1 AV block, the flutter waves may not
be immediately apparent. These can be brought out by
administration of adenosine.
Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005.
Af CRBBB
Polymorphic VT
WPW
Preexcitation
ECG Characteristics of WPW:
1. Short PR interval
2. QRS prolongation
3. Delta wave
The most common form of preexcitation is called Wolfe-Parkinson-
White (WPW) syndrome, in which a direct atrioventricular connection
allows the ventricles to begin depolarization while the standard action
potential is still traveling through the AV node.
Short run AT
Af_RBBB_AMI
AF_CAVB
~ 感恩您 ~

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