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arrange the following elements in order of decreasing first ionization energy: O, Cs, Al, Ba, Cd Solution Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its gaseous phase. The lower this energy is the easier the atom becomes a cation. Usually atom son the right side of the periodic table have a higher ionization energy. Hence ionization energy increases from left to right on the periodic table. Some elements have several ionization energies which are referred to as first ionization energy, second ionization energy etc. The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron O>Cd>Al>Ba>Cs Cs and Ba are in the 6 th period, Cs has only one valence electron, hence easier to remove it than Ba. Oxygen has the highest ionization energy as it is on the right of the periodic table. It is smaller than the rest and hence the electrons are held strongly by the positive nucleus. .

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Is the chemistry of all the elements and their compounds with the exception of most carbon compounds out of which only the oxides, cyanides and carbonates are considered as inorganic compound. Inorganic compound can also be defined as the study of the elements in the periodic table. PERIODIC TABLE Periodic table is the table of all the known elements arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers. The arrangement reflects the electronics configuration of the elements. THE PERIODIC TABLE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS (MENDELEEV'S AND LOTHAR MEYER 1869)

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Arrange the following elements from greatest to least tendency to accept an electron. Mg, Si, Na, S, Cl Solution The ability to accept one or more electrons is known as electron affinity. The halogens( Group 7A) have the highest electron affinity values because by accepting an electron makes a stable noble gas configuration. Hence, Cl has greatest tendency to accept an electron. The valence electron configuration of the Mg metal is 3s2. The extra electron must enter the 3p subshell, which is effectively shielded by two 3s electrons ( Because ns electrons are more penetrating than np electrons) and the inner electrons. Consequently, Mg metal has little tendency to pick up an extra electron. Hence, Mg has least tendency to accept an electron. The valence electron configuration of the Na metal is 3s1. The extra electron must enter the 3s subshell, which is stable as it fulfills the s orbital. Hence, Na has greatest tendency to accept an electron than Mg. From left to right electron affinity increases. Hence, S > Si Therefore, the order of accepting an electron from greatest to least is as follows: Cl (349 kJ/mol) > S (200 kJ/mol) > Si (134 kJ/mol) > Na (53 kJ) > Mg (<(=) 0). .

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Arrange the elution sequence of the following compounds by using reversed phase liquid chromatography (1st , 2nd ,3rd) Glucose, Cholesterol, Lauric aicd Solution Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase used is more POLAR than the NON-POLAR stationary phase. Thus hydrophilic molecules will be eluted first followed by hydrophophobic compounds. The molecules that we are considering are Glucose, Cholesterol and Lauric acid 1. Glucose: it is considered a polar molecule. The presence of oxygen atoms around the molecule in the form of -OH group will ensure the hydrophilic nature of compound. 2. Cholesterol: it is a 27-Carbon organic compound that belongs to the category of steroids. The only polar component present in the molecule is the single -OH group attached to the ring. it is counted among the group of non-polar molecule 3. Lauric acid: Lauric acid is a 12-carbon fatty acid which contains a long chin of hydrophobic group attached to the terminal polar -COOH group. It is considered to be more polar than cholesterol but it is altogether a non-polar compound due to long hydrophobic chain. As per the nature of the compounds, the sequence in which the compounds will be eluted in the reversed phase liquid chromatographic column is 1. Glucose 2. Lauric acid 3. Cholesterol .

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Are you surprised by the variety and range of issues addressed by the World Bank - projects that meet basic needs such as fresh water and programs to provide Internet services? What are your thoughts on this variety? Solution Soln: It is indeed surprising by the variety and range of issues addressed by the World Bank. There are concerns about the types of development projects funded. Many infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank Group have social and environmental implications for the populations in the affected areas and criticism has centred on the ethical issues of funding such projects. For example, World Bank-funded construction of dams for irrigation, drinking water and electricity generation in various countries has resulted in the displacement of indigenous peoples of the area. World Bank working in partnership with the private sector may undermine the role of the state as the primary provider of essential goods and services, such as Internet service, drinking water, healthcare and education, resulting in the shortfall of such services in countries badly in need of them. Therefore , world bank should focus more on providing funding to alleviate proverty and to take up projects which empower people to come out of poverty and world bank should not impose any conditionalities on governments who borrow money from them. .

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Are there ethical considerations we should consider during the the entire innovation process? If so, what are they? Do they occur at every step of the process? Can an innovation be morally neutral, yet be unethical or socially irresponsible when carried out or applied? Solution The words innovative and innovation are bantered about in the media, in business, and in our everyday lives. The words evoke a feeling of progress with technology moving us upward and forward while simultaneously pushing aside existing, soon-to-be-outdated, technology. How does business handle this disruption? How can we think about the responsibility for the innovation and the associated wake of changed beliefs, behaviors, and relationships? The goal of innovations is to upset current beliefs, behavior, relationships, and technologies for a given community. The automobile disrupted the horse and buggy system. The telegraph disrupted the Pony Express By viewing the innovative process as bringing together technology and communities, the innovation and its consequences become a shared responsibility. The community has a responsibility to use the technology within a given range of permissible behaviors and to incorporate rules and norms to support the technology. The innovating firm, however, has a responsibility to understand the community into which the innovation is being introduced. As Evans notes in his book on innovators in the United States, .

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AP Chemistry Review Questions Integrating Content, Inquiry and Reasoning 1. Calculate the value of % T for an absorbance value A-15. Using this result, explain why absorbance may not be accurate. measurements > 1 2. Spectrophotometric studies can be conducted on any colored compound. The transition metal group of the periodic table exhibits a wide array of different colored compounds. The complex ion tetraamminecopper(II) contains four ammonia molecules covalently bonded to a copper(II) ion. In aqueous solutions, Cu2+ ions will bond to four water molecules in a square planar geometry. The solution is a light blue color. The water molecules can be displaced by ammonia molecules, which form more stable complex bases than water. The appearance of the intense dark blue-violet color of the [Cu(NH )J2 ion is often used as a positive test to verity the presence of Cu? ions d chemical equation for the reaction of copper(II) sulfate and concentrated ammonia to produce tetraamminecopper(I) sulfate. tion has occurred and that the product formed is in fact tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate? Would you expect the wavelength of maximun absorbance for CuNH2 to be greater than or less than for Cu(H,0 Explain. b. [Cu(NH2 solutions exhibit a deep blue-violet color. How can you use spectrophotometry to confirm that this reac- 3. The electron transitions responsible for the colors of transition metal ions involved>d transitions. Why are zinc ions colorless in aqueous solution? Solution Formula: Transmittence= 10^(-Absorbance) T=10^(-A) T=10^-1.5 T=0.031623 %T=3.1623% This means that 96.8377% light has been absorbed and only 3.1623% has been transmitted. Detection of such low value of transmitted by the detector will increase the chances of error. Also, because transmittence decreases logarithmically, linearity is lost at high concentration of sample. .

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answers? 22. H lysine? You do not have to write them all out. ow many tetra peptides can be formed by combining alanine, serine, glycine and How does glyphosate inhibit weed growth, explain in simple terms involving essential amino acids and simple enzyme catalysis? 23. 24. What is the cause of cyele cell anemia? 25. Zidovudne (aka AZT) was the first drug approved to treat HIV. How does it work the molecular level? ?? 9 Solution Answer 24.) Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia in which there aren\'t enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells the body to make the red, iron-rich compound that gives blood its red color (hemoglobin). Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid, sticky and misshapen. After the hemoglobin molecules give up their oxygen, some of them may cluster together and form long, rod-like structures that become stiff and assume a sickle shape. The sickle cell gene is passed from generation to generation in a pattern of inheritance called autosomal recessive inheritance. Two genes for the sickle hemoglobin must be inherited from one\'s parents in order to have the disease. A person who receives a gene for sickle cell disease from one parent and a normal gene from the other has a condition called \"sickle cell trait.\" Sickle cell trait produces no symptoms or problems for most people. Sickle cell disease can neither be contracted nor passed on to another person. .

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Answer was D) but I need detailed help with steps as to how : On January 1, 2010, Cale Corp. paid $1,020,000 to acquire Kaltop Co. Kaltop maintained separate incorporation. Cale used the equity method to account for the investment. The following information is available for Kaltop\'s assets, liabilities, and stockholders\' equity accounts: Current assets : Book Value : $120,000 Fair Value : $120,000 Land : Book Value : $72,000 Fair Value : $192,000 Building (20 year life ) : Book Value : $240,000 Fair Value : $268,000 Equipment : (10 year life) : Book Value : $540,000 Fair Value : $516,000 Current Liabilities : Book Value : $24,000 Fair Value : $24,000 Long Term Liabilities : Book Value : $120,000 Fair Value : $120,000 Common Stock : Book Value : $228,000 Additional Paid In Capital : Book Value : $384,000 Retained Earnings : Book Value : $216,000 Kaltop earned net income for 2010 of $126,000 and paid dividends of $48,000 during the year Question : The total 2010 amortization of allocations is calculated to be : A) 4,000 B) 6,400 C) 2,400 D) (1,000) E) 3,800 Solution Answer: The total 2010 amortization of allocations is calculated to be : Amortization value of Building = (268000-240000)/20 year life= 1400 Amortization value of Equipment = (516000-540000)/10 year life= (2400) Total amortization expense =(2400)+1400=(1000) .

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Answer the below in your own words: What were the reasons for the decolonization movement after WWII? Solution The Second World war greatly weakened European colonial rule, forcing the allies to abandon many of their colonial possessions in the face of invasion. When the European powers tried to return to rule again they found that the local nationalists had encouraged the population to reject European rule in favor of self-determination. A good example of this was Indonesia where the Dutch had ruled for over 150 years. In 1948, Indonesia declared Independence, and Netherlands found themselves without any support. Another reason was that when the war ended, one of the themes of the United Nations was encouraging self-determination and ending colonial rule, which was one of the main causes of the First World War. But i think that the most important factor is that the world, particularly the United States, refused to help or support European powers re-establish colonial rule. One of the reasons for this was that the U.S saw European colonial rule as deterimental towards its own global economic aspirations. A good example of this was the U.S attitude towards Britain, which had used the Imperial system to exclude the U.S from favourable trade with Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. The U.S was also reluctant to use money and manpower to fight guerilla wars to support European rule. The U.S was more than aware that the world would also reject any war fought to uphold colonial rule. When the nationalists in Vietnam tried to overthrow French rule, the French had no allies and lacked general support. Another reason was that with the spread of communism in Europe and SE Asia, the U.S was more than aware that European colonial rule provided fertile ground for anti-European sentiment, which invited communist sympathies. .

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Answer in your own words: Would you agree with Karl Marx in saying that the Industrial Revolution and its capitalistic foundations negatively affected the working classes? Solution The Industrial Revolution advance capitalism to its final stage, which Marx saw as an ultimate evil. Before the industrial revolution feudalism existed which is a society run by land owners when the aristocracy gives land to the peasants and those landowners scrape and consume the profit the peasants make by taxation and taking of food using the knights as the collectors. Financial capitalism was a growing idea taken from the Greeks and Romans who believed that most individuals had a right to sell things to gain profit and to run businesses. This idea was reintroduced to Europe during the Renaissance, but it was still applied using feudal methods. The American and French revolution helped strengthen capitalism and the end of the great French war made England one of the richest nations in the world. Advances in technology and new inventions brought about the Industrial Revolution. The Idustrial Revolution created factories and housing for the peasants and it created a better market and made intelligent men big business men who exploited hundreds making themselves very wealthy. Because of the system lots of money could be made buying labour to make products that could be sold to other workers. Marx saw this new capitalism as unfair where the intelligent ruled the poor and created a new aristocracy who made workers got to work doing a job that was degrading, unfulfilling and where you were not paid a fair wage to make a living. So he came up with the idea of communism where capitalism is destroyed as is any other type of inequality and where the state and all institution disappear. so the Industrial Revolution not only gave birth to progress, wealth and democracy it also gave birth to communism. .

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Analyze the role of credit rationing in both a developed country and a less-developed country. How does the role of credit rationing influence economic growth and employment in these two countries? Solution Credit rationing is an action taken by lending institutions to limit or deny credit based on a borrowers\' creditworthiness and an overload of loan demands. Interest rates trending either up or down lead to credit rationing. An example of credit rationing is increasing interest rates about current market rates. Credit rationing IS a pervasive phenomenon. There are two different forms of quantity constraints: micro credit rationing, this places credit limits on borrowers, and macro credit rationing, this randomly denies access to any credit to a fraction of borrowers. The second form has asymmetric treatment of otherwise identical agents. Both forms of rationing can coexist, and play complementary yet distinct roles. It becomes clear that the second form of rationing gains in importance when the information flow within the lending community is poor (thus defaulters have a fair chance for escaping detection). One lesson that comes from both debt overhang and enforcement theories is that the distribution of bargaining power among lenders and borrowers has strong implications for the degree of credit rationing, effort levels as well as efficiency. The effect is similar in both cases .

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Annual worth calculations require equal life alternatives? T or F ? Annual worth consists of: capital recovery minus annual operating cost. T or F ? AW equivalent of a long term project (indefinite, very long, or infinite life) requires software due the high number of calculations that need to be performed to simulate an infinite number of years. T or F ? Annual Worth (AW) may also be called: Question 4 options: Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) Annual Equivalent (AE) Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC) All of the above None of the above Solution 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) .

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Annual editions of journal What will social media look like in the future Information presented: list at least 5 points made by the author Solution A lot of changes in social media in recent years wonâ€™t be revolutionary they will be a Continuation and acceleration of what we have seen today , any revolutionary change will be so different that that to even try to guess at what it will look like is near impossible .this after all what Makes it revolutionary change Social at work We are going to find social tools connecting us more than ever in the work space TEXTING Texting is more personal and faster than most other forms of social media. And with all the New texting platforms, most of the old technical requirements are a thing of past MOBILE AND ENTERTAINMENT WILL MORPH Marketing programs will reintegrate In the future the vast majority of all content thatâ€™s produced and shared will be visual This will further blur the lines between whatâ€™s real life and whatâ€™s online PERFECT DISTRIBUTION OF RELEVENT CONTENT The next big trend we have seen and re currently experiencing is the perfect distribution of releventcontent in real time .

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An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resulting in a white precipitate and a colorless solution. The precipitate did not change after addition of hot water but did disappear after addition of ammonium hydroxide. After acidification with nitric acid, the white precipitate reappeared. The colorless solution was treated with thioacetamide and hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of a dark precipitate. The precipitate was treated with nitric acid resulting in a black precipitate and blue solution. The blue solution was treated with sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide without changing. After addition of sodium thiosulfate, a reddish-brown precipitate appeared. Determine which ions were present in the unknown mixture. Select all which apply. An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resulting in a white precipitate and a colorless solution. The precipitate did not change after addition of hot water but did disappear after addition of ammonium hydroxide. After acidification with nitric acid, the white precipitate reappeared. The colorless solution was treated with thioacetamide and hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of a dark precipitate. The precipitate was treated with nitric acid resulting in a black precipitate and blue solution. The blue solution was treated with sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide without changing. After addition of sodium thiosulfate, a reddish-brown precipitate appeared. Determine which ions were present in the unknown mixture. Select all which apply Ag HgHE22 Bi3+ Cu2+ Cd2 Solution Pb 2+ ion is reacts with Hcl gives Pbcl 2 which is white colour precipitate.Pbcl 2 is insoluble in water.PbCl2 is insoluble in hot water .but addition of NH4OH in the solution ti get sollubalized. After acidifying this solution the PbNO3 COMPLEX is formed which is black in colour. .

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Analyze the role cryptographic algorithms play and explain how these algorithms could be utilized in a way that would strengthen an organizationâ€™s existing plan. Solution Cryptographyâ€™s Role in the Enterprise Encrypting every piece of data in your organization keeps data protected from unauthorized access. Every organization has confidential data. It has to be protected such a way that only an authorized person could access it. Cryptographic algorithms strengthen an organizationâ€™s existing plan by providing below benefits. Confidentiality Encryption technique can guard the information and communication from unauthorized revelation and access of information. Authentication The cryptographic techniques such as MAC and digital signatures can protect information against spoofing and forgeries. Data Integrity The cryptographic hash functions are playing vital role in assuring the users about the data integrity. Non-repudiation The digital signature provides the non-repudiation service to guard against the dispute that may arise due to denial of passing message by the sender. .

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Analyze and determine which sector, public or private, has greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks. Solution Private Sectors has a greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks The threat of hacking varies from one sector to another sector and it is difficult to measure it because intrusions often go undetected. Risk awareness is growing and reducing the risk is difficult because threats evolves constantly. Business possessing great quantities of personal data have a higher insight of potential risk Regulated and large corporations tends to be more douced on risks assocated with cyberattacks. However the extext of cyberattacks on private sector will always depends on the maturity of an organization, the cybersecurity implemented by organization and the holistic sexurity safegaurds .

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an102 Tollowing infrared spectra? Some examples of functional groups are sp eroups (use peaks between 4000 and 1500 cm) are present in the \' C-H, sp C-H, Ced, nitrile, alkyne, aldehyde C-H, carbonyl, ketone carbonyl, ester carbonyl, a carbonyl, OH, carboxylic acid OH, NH NICOLET Solution In image one (top one), C=C, C=O (ketone) and C-H (sp 3 and sp 2 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. In image two, C=C, nitrile, C-H (sp 3 and sp 2 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. in image three, amide carbonyl, NH, and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. In image 4, OH, keto and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. in Image 5 (down one) carbonyl carboxylic acid and aldehyde, OH carboxylic acid, CH aldehyde and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. .

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An unknown compound is one of the four compounds shown below. It is an amphipathic lipid, it immediately decolorizes bromine solution, and readily reacts with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The pain and swelling caused by arthritis and related illnesses results from the production of this compound in the affected tissues. Based upon the information provided, answer the tolowing questions (A- E) (5 points) 6. Ho-CH--ck CH-N-C-R A) All the compounds pictured are amphipathic molecules. Describe the term amphipathic Give an example of a non-amphipathic lipid. Solution a) An amphipathic molecule is the one which comprises of two parts : All the lipids molecules found are amphipathic in a cell membrane. b) Out of all the four compounds given in the question the one responsible for controling the development of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristic is the compound C. The name associated with this type of compound is ANDROGENS. Yes androgens will react with NaBH 4 and reduces 1-carbonyl group of 3-deoxy androgens to form aromatase inhibitors having a 19-hydroxy group. c) The compound A can be identified as local hormone. The name of the compound is ALPROSTADIL. These molecules are called local molecule these are produced by cells and to either neighboring cells(i.e. local to their neghbourhood ) or the same tupe of cells that are responsible for their production. These hormones are very quickly inactivated.These are large group of signalling molecules and are released during phisical activity like exercise and running. These hormones donot circulate within the blood thus are local to their production area. d) Compound B is a major component of biological membrane. Yes these compounds are hydrolysable due to the fact that they contain ester group. These compounds are hydrolusable because tehy contain funtional group ester. .

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Analyze the types of informal and formal communication in organizations. Solution Formal Communication: A communication that is made in the proper channel and which is properly authorized is defined as a formal communication. In formal commication, the message that is conveyed will be recorded for future reference. The various types of formal communication in an organization as as follows: 1.Circulars 2. Notices put up on notice boards 3. Important annoucements 4. Formal E-Mail 5. Notifications from Immediate senior Informal Communication: Any communication that does not have an origin or an end is called as an informal communication. In other words a communication in which the sender and receiver are not definite is called as an informal communication. The various types of informal communication in an organization are as follows: 1. Gossips 2. Rumours 3. Organization secrets that gets communicated informally. 4. Information that is passed between departments without following the hierarchy of authorization .

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Encapsulation process. Explain this process giving specific detail at each layer of the OSI Model. Be sure to explain the different PDUs at each stage and include the most significant fields for each pdu. (20 marks) Solution Its dvided into seven layers. Encapsulation happens seperately at different levels. Starting frm Application layer, application running on source device creates some kind of data.Then next comes Presentation layer where encryption gets added to the data. Then the session layer where session id is applied.Upto this point information is still one block of data. Next layer is transport layer where bock of data gets break down into segments and gets a port number. This segment is then passed to Network layer where source and destination IP address are appended and now the segment becomes packet.This packet is then passed to next level called Data link layer where destination MAC address and CRC is added.Now the resulting thing is Frame. The Frame then is sent to the physical device where it is translated into some kind of a signal, whether itâ€™s electrical, radio wave, light or other signal. This Frame then becomes some kind of a signal that represents a series of zeros and ones. This is why at the Physical layer we often call it Bits .

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Elijah Murphy studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. After he graduated, he applied for a job as a cantor (i.e., professional singer who leads prayer services) at the Nashville Downtown Synagogue. The synagogue responded that he was not qualified for the position and refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. A. Elijah has a prima facie case of disparate treatment discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue has no defense. B. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII. C. Elijah does not have a prima facie case of discrimination, so it doesn\'t matter whether the synagogue can assert a defense. D. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the business necessity defense. Solution B. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII. As Elijah was refused to consider for the job because he is not Jewish, therefore Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue as he had studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and have skill level. Synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII, as he responded that he was not qualified for the position and refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. .

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