This document discusses methods for analyzing transgenic plants, including determining if a plant is transgenic and if transgenes are expressed. It describes established methods like PCR, Southern blots, and Northern blots. Southern blots are used to confirm transgene insertion into the genome by detecting fragments of different sizes after restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Northern blots detect RNA transcripts to confirm transgene expression. Proper experimental design and controls are important to avoid false positives and obtain conclusive evidence of stable transgene integration and expression.