This document contains information about an ARM simulation project called ARMSIM. It includes:
1. The names of 6 students working on the project.
2. An overview of ARMSIM, which allows users to simulate ARM assembly programs on an ARM7TDMI processor. It includes an assembler and linker.
3. Limitations of ARMSIM are that it only supports little-endian format and does not support the Thumb instruction set.
Logical instructions in assembly language for 8086 processor. Instructions covered are AND, OR, XOR, NOT and Test instruction. Effect on flags is discussed.
The 8086 instruction set consists of the following instructions: Data Transfer Instructions move, copy, load, exchange, input, and output. Arithmetic Instructions add, subtract, increment, decrement, convert byte/word and compare. Logical Instructions AND, OR, exclusive OR, shift/rotate and test
Logical instructions in assembly language for 8086 processor. Instructions covered are AND, OR, XOR, NOT and Test instruction. Effect on flags is discussed.
The 8086 instruction set consists of the following instructions: Data Transfer Instructions move, copy, load, exchange, input, and output. Arithmetic Instructions add, subtract, increment, decrement, convert byte/word and compare. Logical Instructions AND, OR, exclusive OR, shift/rotate and test
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
4. DIFFERENT ISA FOR ARM
ARM THUMB
Instructions are always of 32 bit. Instructions are of 16 bit and they can be
converted into 32 bit for arm exploit
development process.
All instructions support the conditional
execution.
Thumb state can support conditional
execution by using IT instruction.
All ARM versions support the arm state . Not all versions of ARM support the thumb
state.
While writing arm shellcode, we need to
get rid of null bytes in arm state.
Due to availability of 16 bit instructions, it
reduces the chances of having null bytes.
7. Flag Description
N
(Negative)
Enabled if result of the instruction yields a
negative number.
Z
(Zero)
Enabled if result of the instruction yields a zero
value.
C
(Carry)
Enabled if result of the instruction yields a value
that requires a 33rd bit to be fully represented.
V
(Overflow)
Enabled if result of the instruction yields a value
that cannot be represented in 32 bit two’s
complement.
E
(Endian-bit)
ARM can operate either in little endian, or big
endian. This bit is set to 0 for little endian, or 1
for big endian mode.
T
(Thumb-bit)
This bit is set if you are in Thumb state and is
disabled when you are in ARM state.
M
(Mode-bits)
These bits specify the current privilege mode
(USR, SVC, etc.).
J
(Jazelle)
Third execution state that allows some ARM
processors to execute Java bytecode in
hardware.
8. MNEMONICS IN ARM
Instruction Description Instruction Description
MOV Move data POP Pop on stack
ADD Addition SUB Subtraction
MUL Multiplication LSL Logical shift left
LSR Logical shift right ASR Arithmetic shift right
ROR Rotate right CMP Compare
AND Bitwise AND ORR Bitwise OR
EOR Bitwise XOR LDR Load
STR Store LDM Load multiply
STM Store multiply PUSH Push on stack
B Branch BL Branch with link
BX Branch with exchange BLX Branch with link and
exchange
SWI/SVC System call MVN Move 2’s complement
9. FORMAT OF ARM INSTRUCTIONS
• MNEMONIC{S} {condition} {Rd}, Operand1, Operand2
Where, MNEMONIC : Short name of the instruction
{S} : An optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition flags are updated on the result of the operation.
{Condition} : Conditions that has to be met for the execution of the instruction.
{Rd} : Destination of the register for storing the output of the instruction.
Operand1 : First register (either can be a register or an immediate value).
Operand2 : Second (Flexible) operand (can be a register or an immediate value with a level of shift).
10. INSTRUCTION EXAMPLES
Rx, LSR n Register x with logical shift right by n bits (1 = n = 32)
Rx, RRX Register x with rotate right by one bit, with extend
ADD R0, R1, R2 Adds contents of R1 (Operand1) and R2 (Operand2 in a form of
register) and stores the result into R0 (Rd).
MOVLE R0, #5 Moves number 5 (Operand2, because the compiler treats it as MOVE
R0, R0, #5) to R0 (Rd) ONLY if the condition LE (Less Than or Equal) is
satisfied.
11. LOAD AND STORE
• ARM uses Load-store model for memory access
• On ARM data is must be moved from memory into registers before being
operated on.
• This means that incrementing a 32-bit value at a particular address into
register, increment it within the register, and store it back to the memory
from register.
12. DATA TYPES WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS LOAD AND STORE:
• ldr = Load Word
• ldrh = Load unsigned Half Word
• ldrsh = Load signed Half Word
• ldrb = Load unsigned Byte
• ldrsb = Load signed Bytes
• str = Store Word
• strh = Store unsigned Half Word
• strsh = Store signed Half Word
• strb = Store unsigned Byte
• strsb = Store signed Byte
13. ADDRESS MODES
Three basic offset forms with different address modes for each offset form.
1. Offset form: Immediate value as the offset
• Offset mode uses an immediate as offset
Example: ldr r3,[r1,#3]
2. Offset form: Register as the offset
• Offset mode uses a register as offset
Example: ldr r3,[r1,r2]
3. Offset form: scaled register as the offset
• Offset mode uses a scaled register as offset
Example: ldr r3,[r1,r2,LSL#2]
14. BRANCHES
Branches (aka Jumps) allow us to jump to another code segment. This is useful when we
need to skip (or repeat) blocks of codes or jump to a specific function. Best examples of such
a use case are IFs and Loops. So let’s look into the IF case first.
There are three types of branching instructions:
• Branch (B)
• Simple jump to a function
• Branch link (BL)
• Saves (PC+4) in LR and jumps to function
• Branch exchange (BX) and Branch link exchange (BLX)
• Same as B/BL + exchange instruction set (ARM <-> Thumb)
• Needs a register as first operand: BX/BLX reg
15. CONDITIONAL EXECUTION
Condition
Code
Meaning
(for cmp
or subs)
Status of
Flags
EQ Equal Z==1
NE Not Equal Z==0
GT
Signed
Greater
Than
(Z==0) &&
(N==V)
LT
Signed
Less Than
N!=V
GE
Signed
Greater
Than or
Equal
N==V
LE
Signed
Less Than
or Equal
(Z==1) ||
(N!=V)
CS or HS
Unsigned
Higher or
Same (or
Carry Set)
C==1
CC or LO
Unsigned
Lower (or
Carry
Clear)
C==0
• Branches can also be executed conditionally
and used for branching to a function if a specific
condition is met.
16. ARMSIM
• ARMsim is a desktop application, it allows users to simulate the execution of
ARM assembly language programs on a system based on the ‘ARM7TDMI’
processor.
• ARMsim includes both an assembler and a linker. However editor is not there,
so file must be loaded into the application.
• The file to be opened must be a source (.s) file or an object (.o) file.
17. ARMSIM LIMITATION
• The ARM architecture supports both little‐endian and big‐endian access to memory. But the
ARMsim supports only the little‐endian format.
• The ARM architecture has a special mode of execution called ‘Thumb mode’ which is
intended for embedded system applications where memory is a scarce resource. (each
thumb instruction occupies only 2 bytes).
Thumb mode is not currently supported by ARMsim.