Arh2050 the burden of glory art of the high & late roman empire (without pompeii)
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The document provides an overview of Roman aqueducts, architecture, and art from the Imperial period. It discusses key structures like the Pont du Gard aqueduct in France, the Maison Carrée temple in Nîmes, and the Pantheon in Rome. The document also examines artworks and portraits discovered at Pompeii and Herculaneum that provide insights into Roman daily life. Hadrian's reign in the early 2nd century CE marked the High Imperial period, during which impressive constructions like Hadrian's Wall were built across the Roman Empire.
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Arh2050 the burden of glory art of the high & late roman empire (without pompeii)
- 1. The Burden Of GLORY The Art Of The High Roman Empire Introduction To Art History I Professor Will Adams
- 2. Pont-du-Gard, Nîmes, France; 19 BCE The Imperial Age § The Romans typically built aqueducts to serve any large city in their empire. § The city of Rome itself, being the largest city, had the largest concentration of aqueducts, with water being supplied by eleven aqueducts constructed over a period of 500 years.
- 5. The Imperial Age § There were approximately 300 miles of aqueducts, while only 29 of them were above ground. § The aqueduct provided about one hundred gallons of water a day for the inhabitants of Nîmes from a source some thirty miles away.
- 8. The Imperial Age § This civic Roman temple was built by Agrippa, who died in 12 BCE. § It was then dedicated to his two sons, Caius and Lucius, heirs of Augustus who both died very young. § It shows the allegiance & loyalty of the Roman colony to the empire. § It stands on the short south side of the forum on a podium which is nearly 10 feet high. § It was built of local limestone, but without a doubt the architect and workmen came from Rome. Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France; c. 10 CE
- 10. An empire emerges § After his father’s death, Vespasian’s son, Titus, assumes control of the Empire in 79 CE, the same year that Mt. Vesuvius erupts and buries the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. § Despite the disaster, Emperor Titus was known as “the light of the world” during his reign, in recognition of his administration and completion of his father’s Coliseum project. § Titus was mysteriously killed in 81 CE.
- 11. Pompeii & Herculaneum § Pompeii & neighboring Herculaneum were buried on August 24 & August 25, 79 CE by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. § Pompeii is the most important archaeological site for learning about life in a Roman city.
- 12. The Imperial Age § Originally formed part of a Fourth Style wall of an exedra, recessed area on the opening of the atrium of a Pompeiian house. § Standard attributes of Roman marriage portraits are displayed here with the man holding a scroll and the woman holding a stylus and a wax writing tablet. § These portraits suggested high education even if it wasn’t true of the subjects. § The heads are individualized to the subject’s features, not simply standard types. § This is the equivalent of modern wedding photographs. 12 Portrait of a Husband & Wife; Pompeii,Italy; c. 70-79 CE
- 13. § Roman painters’ interest in the likeness of individual people was matched by their concern for recording the appearance of everyday objects. § This still life demonstrates that Roman painters sought to create illusionistic effects while depicting small objects. § Here they used light and shade with attention to shadows and highlights. Still-Life with Peaches, Fresco, Herculaneum, Italy; AD 62-79 The Imperial Age
- 14. The Imperial Age § The illusion created here is the furthest advance by ancient painters in representational technique. § It appears that this artist understood that the look of things is a function of light. Also, the goal was to paint light as if it were a touchable object that reflects and absorbs it. § This marks the furthest advance by ancient painters in representational technique and wasn’t seen again until the Dutch still-lifes in the 1700’s CE.
- 15. Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy; 81 CE The Imperial Age § When Vespasian’s older son, Titus, died only two years after becoming emperor, his younger brother Domitian, took over. Domitian made this arch in Titus’s honor on the Sacred Way leading into the Republican Forum Romanum. § This type of arch, the so-called triumphal arch, has a long history in Roman art and architecture, beginning in the second century B.C. and continuing even into the era of Christian Roman emperors.
- 16. The Imperial Age § The Roman arches celebrated more than just military victories, as they often commemorated events such as building roads and bridges. § This arch commemorates Titus’ sack of Jerusalem around 70 CE. § This is the oldest arch of its kind.
- 19. The Imperial Age
- 20. The High Imperial Age
- 21. Portrait Bust of Hadrian as General, Tel Shalem, Israel; c. 130-138 CE The High Imperial Age § Hadrian was a connoisseur and lover of all the arts, as well as an author and architect. § There are more existing portraits of Hadrian than of any other emperor, except Augustus. § Though he ruled Rome for more than 20 years, he is depicted in portraits as a mature adult who never ages.
- 22. The High Imperial Age § Hadrian’s portraits more closely resemble Greek portraits of Pericles than those of any Roman emperor before him, undoubtedly his likenesses were inspired by Classical Greek statuary. § Hadrian wore a beard, a habit that, in its Roman context, must be viewed as a Greek affectation (an appearance or manner assumed or put on as a show or pretense, often to impress others). § Beards then became the norm for all subsequent Roman emperors for more than a century and a half. Marble Bust of Hadrian Wearing Military Dress Tivoli, Italy; c. 117 - 118 CE
- 23. Pantheon Rome, Italy; 125-128 CE The High Imperial Age § With the new Emperor Hadrian in power, work on a new temple dedicated to all the gods began. § This temple became known as the Pantheon. § Excluding the use of an eight Corinthian column facade, the temple’s design was completely revolutionary for its time.
- 24. The High Imperial Age
- 25. The High Imperial Age
- 26. The High Imperial Age
- 27. The High Imperial Age § The dome of the Pantheon steadily decreases in thickness from the drum to the apex, and is constructed from pumice & Roman concrete. § In the very middle there is an opening called an oculus that acts as a skylight. § The oculus is the only source of natural lighting for the building’s interior.
- 28. The High Imperial Age § The oculus measures 30 feet in diameter. § This is the oldest domed building in the world that still has its original roof. § From this indoor photo of the Pantheon you can see the carved panels as well as the intense light that the oculus provides for the room. § These decorative panels are called coffers, and serve two purposes.
- 29. The High Imperial Age Originally, the interior’s niches and altars contained images of the Roman gods and goddesses. However, when the Pantheon was consecrated as a Catholic church in 609 CE, they were replaced by images of saints and those buried within the structure.
- 30. The High Imperial Age
- 31. The High Imperial Age § During Hadrian’s reign, he ordered construction of a monumental stone wall to keep the ‘barbaric’ Scots and Picts from invading from the North. § This 74-mile stretch across Northern England is known as Hadrian’s Wall. § It was 8-10 feet wide and 20 feet tall, with a tower located at every mile mark. § It was built in only about 8 years, from 122 – 130 CE!
- 32. The High Imperial Age
- 33. The High Imperial Age
- 34. Acta Est Fabula