The document provides an introduction to interoperability, XML, EAD structure and syntax, EAD hierarchies, and the UK Archives Discovery Network. It defines interoperability as the ability of systems to exchange and use shared information. XML is introduced as a meta-language for defining document structures with meaningful tags. EAD is described as an XML standard for encoding archival finding aids to facilitate search, retrieval, and navigation of archival descriptions. EAD allows for flexible description of archival materials and supports sharing of data between systems.
XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It allows users to define their own elements and tags. XML uses Unicode, has a clear syntax, and elements must be properly nested with closing tags. XML can be combined with stylesheets to format documents and is the foundation for web services technologies like SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.
This document provides an overview of XML DTD and Schema. It defines key terms like well-formed, valid, DTD and describes how a DTD is used to define element types and attributes. It also explains different DTD rules like EMPTY, ANY, #PCDATA. The document then covers XML Schema elements, data types, and how to declare elements, attributes and complex/simple types in a schema.
This document discusses style sheet languages like CSS that are used to control the presentation of XML documents. CSS allows one to specify things like fonts, colors, spacing etc. for different elements in an XML file. A single XML file can then be formatted in multiple ways just by changing the associated CSS stylesheet without modifying the XML content. The document provides examples of using CSS selectors, rules and properties to style elements in an XML file and controlling presentation aspects like layout of elements on a page. It also discusses how to link the CSS stylesheet to an XML file using processing instructions.
An XML schema describes the structure and elements of an XML document. It defines elements, attributes, data types, properties like required/optional, and relationships between elements. XML schema is more powerful than older DTD schemas as it allows defining data types and namespaces. Schemas are written in XML syntax, making them easy to read, write and process using standard XML tools. This document provides examples of simple and complex element definitions in an XML schema.
The document discusses the objectives and syllabus of an IT course on Service Oriented Architecture, including learning XML fundamentals, building XML-based applications, understanding SOA principles and web services technologies, and building SOA-based applications; it provides the textbook and reference book details and outlines the topics to be covered in each unit such as XML document structure, building XML applications, SOA, and web services.
This document provides an overview of XML programming and XML documents. It discusses the physical and logical views of an XML document, document structure including the root element, and how XML documents are commonly stored as text files. It also summarizes how an XML parser reads and validates an XML document by checking its syntax and structure. The document then covers various XML components in more detail, such as elements, attributes, character encoding, entities, processing instructions, well-formedness, validation via DTDs, and document modeling.
The document discusses the fundamentals of XML including XML document structure, elements, attributes, character data, the XML declaration, document type declaration, and XML content model. It also covers XML rules for structure, namespaces, and the differences between well-formed and valid XML documents.
The document discusses XML document structure and XML schema. It provides information on the key components of an XML document including the XML declaration, document type declaration, element data, attribute data, and character data. It then describes XML schema in detail, explaining that it defines the structure of an XML document. Key aspects of XML schema covered include elements, attributes, simple vs complex types, and restrictions.
XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It allows users to define their own elements and tags. XML uses Unicode, has a clear syntax, and elements must be properly nested with closing tags. XML can be combined with stylesheets to format documents and is the foundation for web services technologies like SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.
This document provides an overview of XML DTD and Schema. It defines key terms like well-formed, valid, DTD and describes how a DTD is used to define element types and attributes. It also explains different DTD rules like EMPTY, ANY, #PCDATA. The document then covers XML Schema elements, data types, and how to declare elements, attributes and complex/simple types in a schema.
This document discusses style sheet languages like CSS that are used to control the presentation of XML documents. CSS allows one to specify things like fonts, colors, spacing etc. for different elements in an XML file. A single XML file can then be formatted in multiple ways just by changing the associated CSS stylesheet without modifying the XML content. The document provides examples of using CSS selectors, rules and properties to style elements in an XML file and controlling presentation aspects like layout of elements on a page. It also discusses how to link the CSS stylesheet to an XML file using processing instructions.
An XML schema describes the structure and elements of an XML document. It defines elements, attributes, data types, properties like required/optional, and relationships between elements. XML schema is more powerful than older DTD schemas as it allows defining data types and namespaces. Schemas are written in XML syntax, making them easy to read, write and process using standard XML tools. This document provides examples of simple and complex element definitions in an XML schema.
The document discusses the objectives and syllabus of an IT course on Service Oriented Architecture, including learning XML fundamentals, building XML-based applications, understanding SOA principles and web services technologies, and building SOA-based applications; it provides the textbook and reference book details and outlines the topics to be covered in each unit such as XML document structure, building XML applications, SOA, and web services.
This document provides an overview of XML programming and XML documents. It discusses the physical and logical views of an XML document, document structure including the root element, and how XML documents are commonly stored as text files. It also summarizes how an XML parser reads and validates an XML document by checking its syntax and structure. The document then covers various XML components in more detail, such as elements, attributes, character encoding, entities, processing instructions, well-formedness, validation via DTDs, and document modeling.
The document discusses the fundamentals of XML including XML document structure, elements, attributes, character data, the XML declaration, document type declaration, and XML content model. It also covers XML rules for structure, namespaces, and the differences between well-formed and valid XML documents.
The document discusses XML document structure and XML schema. It provides information on the key components of an XML document including the XML declaration, document type declaration, element data, attribute data, and character data. It then describes XML schema in detail, explaining that it defines the structure of an XML document. Key aspects of XML schema covered include elements, attributes, simple vs complex types, and restrictions.
The document discusses various style sheets used for formatting XML documents, including cascading style sheets (CSS) and extensible style sheets (XSL). It describes the structure and syntax of CSS rules used to control properties like fonts, colors, spacing and positioning. The document also covers CSS concepts like selectors, inheritance, and ways to link external style sheets to XML documents.
XML Schema defines rules for encoding documents in a machine-readable format. It allows data exchange between systems independently of programming languages. XML Schema defines elements, attributes, and data types to structure XML documents. It provides more data typing capabilities than DTDs. Namespaces are used to avoid element name conflicts between different XML vocabularies. User-defined types can restrict built-in types or create new complex types from simple types to structure application-specific data.
XPath is a language for finding information in an XML document, using path expressions to navigate elements and attributes. It supports operators, functions and axes to locate nodes and return node sets, booleans, strings, numbers or other values. XSLT uses XPath to select nodes for transformation and XSL-FO uses the document structure defined by XSLT for formatting and layout.
The document discusses XPath, which is a language for finding information in an XML document. It defines XPath syntax using path expressions to select nodes. It describes XPath terminology like nodes, relationships between nodes, and functions. Examples are provided to demonstrate XPath expressions for selecting elements, attributes, and filtering nodes. Predicates are also described for finding specific nodes or values.
XML Schema is an XML-based alternative to DTDs that defines the structure and legal elements and attributes of an XML document. An XML Schema describes elements, attributes, data types, restrictions, and more. Schemas are more powerful than DTDs and support namespaces, data types, extensibility, and validation of XML documents.
This document provides an overview of XML Schema Definition (XSD). It discusses that XSD is used to describe and validate the structure and vocabulary of an XML document. It then provides an example of a simple XSD code and explains some of its key features, such as being extensible, supporting data types and namespaces. It also outlines the basic syntax of an XSD, including the required <schema> root element and optional attributes like targetNamespace. Finally, it demonstrates how to reference an external XSD from an XML document using schemaLocation.
The document discusses XML namespaces and how they provide a method to avoid element name conflicts. It explains that namespaces allow XML parsers to distinguish between identically named elements that have different meanings. Namespaces are declared either with a default declaration that specifies a namespace for all child elements, or with an explicit declaration that associates a prefix with a namespace. Child elements inherit their parent's namespace by default but can also specify a different namespace.
The document discusses schemas and their purpose in specifying the structure and constraints of an XML document. It provides examples of things that cannot be done with DTDs but can be done with schemas, such as constraining text values. The document outlines the components of a schema, including elements, attributes, and data types. It provides an example of defining a schema in IE5 and the steps involved, including declaring element types, specifying content models, and using data types.
XML is everywhere. Computers, Mobiles, Bank Systems, Internet, TVs, Microwaves, all use XML as an Information Wrapping and Information Xchange System. We will tell you all the basics in a simplest possible way.
This document provides an overview of XML, including:
- XML is not a replacement for HTML, a presentation format, programming language, or network transfer protocol, but can be used with these.
- XML examples demonstrating tags, elements, attributes, and how XML documents form ordered trees.
- Key aspects of XML like namespaces, DTDs, schemas, and how XML documents are linked to external definitions.
This document provides an overview of XML schemas, including:
- The objectives of learning about XML schemas, which include explaining schemas, advantages over DTDs, defining elements, creating simple and complex types, applying restrictions, and creating reusable schemas.
- An introduction to XML schemas, including how schemas address issues with large DTDs and an example of creating a simple schema.
- The advantages of XML schemas over DTDs, such as supporting data types, defining element order, and extending schemas.
- How to define elements and attributes in a schema, including using built-in data types.
- The differences between simple and complex element types and examples of each.
This document discusses the structure and components of an XML document. It explains that an XML document consists of elements, attributes, comments, processing instructions, and a document type declaration. It describes each of these components in detail, including their purpose and general syntax. The document type declaration identifies the document and can reference an internal or external DTD that defines the valid elements and attributes.
XML is a markup language used to carry and store data. It was designed to transport data rather than display it. XML tags are defined by the author rather than being predefined. XML documents form a tree structure with a root element and branching child elements. For a document to be considered valid XML, it must follow syntax rules like having matching open and close tags and properly nested elements.
XML Schema provides a way to formally define and validate the structure and content of XML documents. It allows defining elements, attributes, and data types, as well as restrictions like length, pattern, and value ranges. DTD is more limited and cannot validate data types. XML Schema is written in XML syntax, uses XML namespaces, and provides stronger typing capabilities compared to DTD. It allows defining simple and complex element types, attributes, and restrictions to precisely describe the expected structure and values within XML documents.
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is designed to carry data, describe its meaning, and not focus on how it looks. XML uses elements with matching start and end tags to structure and markup text and other types of data. Elements can have attributes to provide additional information and can be nested within other elements to show relationships between data.
XML presentation discusses XML (Extensible Markup Language). It describes XML as a text-based markup language derived from SGML that is extensible and carries data without presenting it. The document provides examples of XML documents and elements like articles, authors, titles, and text. It also discusses XML syntax rules, namespaces to avoid element name conflicts, and the importance of XML for data transfer, configuration files, schemas/templates, and more. Querying XML data with XPath and XQuery is also introduced.
Xml theory 2005_[ngohaianh.info]_1_introduction-to-xmlÔng Thông
The document discusses XML, including its advantages over HTML, architecture, and how to build an XML document. XML allows users to define their own tags, supports a three-tier architecture, and separates data from presentation. An XML document consists of elements, attributes, entities, and character data. It must be well-formed and may be validated using a DTD. The parser interprets XML files by loading related files. The document outlines best practices for creating, structuring, and verifying XML code.
XML Schema is used to describe and validate the structure and content of XML data. It defines elements, attributes, and data types for XML documents. An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document similar to a database schema describing data structure. XML Schemas are written in XML and can be extended to support additions and data types. XML Schemas allow independent groups to agree on standards for exchanging data and verifying data contents.
The document discusses XML schemas, explaining that they define elements, attributes, and data types that can be used in XML documents. It covers creating simple and complex elements, declaring data types, and grouping elements using sequences, groups, and choices. The document also provides examples of how to define attributes and create user-defined data types in an XML schema.
Halloween has its origins in 16th century Celtic traditions celebrated on November 1st in Ireland and Scotland. Some of the symbols and traditions of Halloween include wearing scary costumes, trick-or-treating, bobbing for apples, and carving jack-o-lanterns from pumpkins. The traditional colors of Halloween are orange and black.
University Engagement in Responsible Investment: A Case Study of the Universi...Social Finance
The document summarizes a case study of the University of Toronto's engagement in responsible investing. Through interviews and document review, it was found that student initiative was the driving force behind the creation of the University's Responsible Investment Committee. Maintaining legitimacy and institutionalizing change over time as student members graduate were identified as the biggest challenges. The document recommends that the University conduct further research, join collaborative initiatives, and educate trustees to help fully institutionalize responsible investing practices.
The document discusses various style sheets used for formatting XML documents, including cascading style sheets (CSS) and extensible style sheets (XSL). It describes the structure and syntax of CSS rules used to control properties like fonts, colors, spacing and positioning. The document also covers CSS concepts like selectors, inheritance, and ways to link external style sheets to XML documents.
XML Schema defines rules for encoding documents in a machine-readable format. It allows data exchange between systems independently of programming languages. XML Schema defines elements, attributes, and data types to structure XML documents. It provides more data typing capabilities than DTDs. Namespaces are used to avoid element name conflicts between different XML vocabularies. User-defined types can restrict built-in types or create new complex types from simple types to structure application-specific data.
XPath is a language for finding information in an XML document, using path expressions to navigate elements and attributes. It supports operators, functions and axes to locate nodes and return node sets, booleans, strings, numbers or other values. XSLT uses XPath to select nodes for transformation and XSL-FO uses the document structure defined by XSLT for formatting and layout.
The document discusses XPath, which is a language for finding information in an XML document. It defines XPath syntax using path expressions to select nodes. It describes XPath terminology like nodes, relationships between nodes, and functions. Examples are provided to demonstrate XPath expressions for selecting elements, attributes, and filtering nodes. Predicates are also described for finding specific nodes or values.
XML Schema is an XML-based alternative to DTDs that defines the structure and legal elements and attributes of an XML document. An XML Schema describes elements, attributes, data types, restrictions, and more. Schemas are more powerful than DTDs and support namespaces, data types, extensibility, and validation of XML documents.
This document provides an overview of XML Schema Definition (XSD). It discusses that XSD is used to describe and validate the structure and vocabulary of an XML document. It then provides an example of a simple XSD code and explains some of its key features, such as being extensible, supporting data types and namespaces. It also outlines the basic syntax of an XSD, including the required <schema> root element and optional attributes like targetNamespace. Finally, it demonstrates how to reference an external XSD from an XML document using schemaLocation.
The document discusses XML namespaces and how they provide a method to avoid element name conflicts. It explains that namespaces allow XML parsers to distinguish between identically named elements that have different meanings. Namespaces are declared either with a default declaration that specifies a namespace for all child elements, or with an explicit declaration that associates a prefix with a namespace. Child elements inherit their parent's namespace by default but can also specify a different namespace.
The document discusses schemas and their purpose in specifying the structure and constraints of an XML document. It provides examples of things that cannot be done with DTDs but can be done with schemas, such as constraining text values. The document outlines the components of a schema, including elements, attributes, and data types. It provides an example of defining a schema in IE5 and the steps involved, including declaring element types, specifying content models, and using data types.
XML is everywhere. Computers, Mobiles, Bank Systems, Internet, TVs, Microwaves, all use XML as an Information Wrapping and Information Xchange System. We will tell you all the basics in a simplest possible way.
This document provides an overview of XML, including:
- XML is not a replacement for HTML, a presentation format, programming language, or network transfer protocol, but can be used with these.
- XML examples demonstrating tags, elements, attributes, and how XML documents form ordered trees.
- Key aspects of XML like namespaces, DTDs, schemas, and how XML documents are linked to external definitions.
This document provides an overview of XML schemas, including:
- The objectives of learning about XML schemas, which include explaining schemas, advantages over DTDs, defining elements, creating simple and complex types, applying restrictions, and creating reusable schemas.
- An introduction to XML schemas, including how schemas address issues with large DTDs and an example of creating a simple schema.
- The advantages of XML schemas over DTDs, such as supporting data types, defining element order, and extending schemas.
- How to define elements and attributes in a schema, including using built-in data types.
- The differences between simple and complex element types and examples of each.
This document discusses the structure and components of an XML document. It explains that an XML document consists of elements, attributes, comments, processing instructions, and a document type declaration. It describes each of these components in detail, including their purpose and general syntax. The document type declaration identifies the document and can reference an internal or external DTD that defines the valid elements and attributes.
XML is a markup language used to carry and store data. It was designed to transport data rather than display it. XML tags are defined by the author rather than being predefined. XML documents form a tree structure with a root element and branching child elements. For a document to be considered valid XML, it must follow syntax rules like having matching open and close tags and properly nested elements.
XML Schema provides a way to formally define and validate the structure and content of XML documents. It allows defining elements, attributes, and data types, as well as restrictions like length, pattern, and value ranges. DTD is more limited and cannot validate data types. XML Schema is written in XML syntax, uses XML namespaces, and provides stronger typing capabilities compared to DTD. It allows defining simple and complex element types, attributes, and restrictions to precisely describe the expected structure and values within XML documents.
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is designed to carry data, describe its meaning, and not focus on how it looks. XML uses elements with matching start and end tags to structure and markup text and other types of data. Elements can have attributes to provide additional information and can be nested within other elements to show relationships between data.
XML presentation discusses XML (Extensible Markup Language). It describes XML as a text-based markup language derived from SGML that is extensible and carries data without presenting it. The document provides examples of XML documents and elements like articles, authors, titles, and text. It also discusses XML syntax rules, namespaces to avoid element name conflicts, and the importance of XML for data transfer, configuration files, schemas/templates, and more. Querying XML data with XPath and XQuery is also introduced.
Xml theory 2005_[ngohaianh.info]_1_introduction-to-xmlÔng Thông
The document discusses XML, including its advantages over HTML, architecture, and how to build an XML document. XML allows users to define their own tags, supports a three-tier architecture, and separates data from presentation. An XML document consists of elements, attributes, entities, and character data. It must be well-formed and may be validated using a DTD. The parser interprets XML files by loading related files. The document outlines best practices for creating, structuring, and verifying XML code.
XML Schema is used to describe and validate the structure and content of XML data. It defines elements, attributes, and data types for XML documents. An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document similar to a database schema describing data structure. XML Schemas are written in XML and can be extended to support additions and data types. XML Schemas allow independent groups to agree on standards for exchanging data and verifying data contents.
The document discusses XML schemas, explaining that they define elements, attributes, and data types that can be used in XML documents. It covers creating simple and complex elements, declaring data types, and grouping elements using sequences, groups, and choices. The document also provides examples of how to define attributes and create user-defined data types in an XML schema.
Halloween has its origins in 16th century Celtic traditions celebrated on November 1st in Ireland and Scotland. Some of the symbols and traditions of Halloween include wearing scary costumes, trick-or-treating, bobbing for apples, and carving jack-o-lanterns from pumpkins. The traditional colors of Halloween are orange and black.
University Engagement in Responsible Investment: A Case Study of the Universi...Social Finance
The document summarizes a case study of the University of Toronto's engagement in responsible investing. Through interviews and document review, it was found that student initiative was the driving force behind the creation of the University's Responsible Investment Committee. Maintaining legitimacy and institutionalizing change over time as student members graduate were identified as the biggest challenges. The document recommends that the University conduct further research, join collaborative initiatives, and educate trustees to help fully institutionalize responsible investing practices.
The document summarizes the process of creating an alternative music magazine targeted at young adults ages 15-23. Key points discussed include:
- Analysing conventions of successful magazines like Billboard and Rolling Stone to incorporate proven techniques
- Choosing conventions like mastheads, cover lines, barcodes, and developing a unique house style and slogan
- Learning skills like using an SLR camera to take professional photos and Photoshop to edit images
- Conducting a survey to understand the target audience and design the magazine accordingly
- Including appealing colors, relatable models, and a free gift to attract readers
- Distributing both physically and digitally like through the magazine's website for wider reach
Radio broadcasting in the UK includes over 600 licensed stations across various types such as public service, commercial, and community radio. The BBC is the main public service broadcaster, running both national stations and local/regional stations across various genres. It is primarily funded by the television license fee. The document provides details on the different types of stations operated by the BBC and radio broadcasting in the UK generally.
This document discusses subject-verb agreement in English. It provides rules for singular and plural subjects, compound subjects joined by "and" or "or", indefinite pronouns, collective nouns, sentences beginning with "here" or "there", words ending in s, units of measurement, titles, and includes interactive exercises for practice.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
This document provides an introduction to XML, including:
- XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language and allows users to define their own tags to provide structure and meaning to data.
- XML documents use elements with start and end tags to organize content in a hierarchical, tree-like structure. Elements can contain text or other nested elements.
- Attributes within start tags provide additional metadata about elements. Well-formed XML documents must follow syntax rules to be valid.
The document provides an introduction to the Archives Hub, XML, and EAD (Encoded Archival Description). It discusses how the Archives Hub uses XML and EAD to provide searchable descriptions of archival collections from over 180 repositories. It also summarizes key points about XML and EAD, including that EAD is the standard for encoding archival finding aids in XML and allows for sharing of data between systems.
Data interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDAnushaMahmood
Data interchange integration. Data interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML Biological XML DTDData interchange integration, HTML XML
This document discusses XML (eXtensible Markup Language). It defines XML, outlines its advantages over HTML and other data formats. These include being human-readable, industry supported, and allowing validation of data. The document also compares XML to HTML, describes XML technologies like DTDs, schemas, CSS, and XSLT. It explains how to parse and structure XML documents and the role of XML parsers.
XML is a markup language similar to HTML but designed for carrying data rather than displaying it. It allows users to define their own elements and tags. XML documents use tags to describe and structure information and can be displayed using CSS or transformed using XSL. Key benefits of XML include its ability to describe hierarchical data, separate data from presentation, and enable data sharing across different systems.
XML allows for the structured storage and sharing of data through the use of tags. It facilitates interoperability by providing a standard way to define and exchange information. While XML documents use meaningful tags to describe their contents, XML alone does not define how data is displayed or processed - other XML technologies like XSLT, CSS, and schemas are needed to transform, present, and validate XML documents.
Decoding and developing the online finding aidkgerber
Workshop for the Library Technology Conference on Encoded Archival Description, and the mark-up languages involved in its use including HTML, XML, and XSLT.
XML is a markup language that organizes data in a readable format for both humans and machines. It allows data to be stored, exchanged, and distributed over the internet independently of applications. XML has tags that are self-descriptive and extensible, allowing authors to define their own tags. XML documents have a hierarchical, tree-like structure with elements that can contain text, attributes, comments, and other nested elements. Attributes provide additional data about elements, and there are rules for properly structuring tags, elements, and attributes in XML documents.
This document provides an introduction to XML, including an overview of its components and structure. It discusses the XML prolog, tags, attributes, entities, comments, and processing instructions that make up an XML document. It also describes the XML document type definition (DTD) that defines the allowable tags and syntax of an XML language. Key points covered include XML being extensible and separating content from presentation, as well as examples of basic XML code structure and syntax rules.
XML Introduction,Syntax of XML,Well formed XML Documents,XML Document Structure,Document Type Definitions,XML Namespace,XML Schemas,DOM(Document Object Model)
By now, you have heard how important structured content is. But, maybe you poked around with something like DITA and were baffled by the complexity. Or, maybe you still aren’t sure what XSLT stands for. This workshop will take participants back to the basics, to provide a foundation for higher-level concepts that have taken hold of our industry. Topics will include:
- What XML looks like, what it does, and how to create it.
- How to define a structure model, including whether to use a - DTD, Schema, etc.
- What XSLT looks like, what it does, and how to make it work.
- What DITA and DocBook really are and whether one is right for you.
Russell Ward is an experienced technical writer and structured technologies developer. He has spent many years working with structured content to maximize efficiency in the techcomm environment, both as an employee and as an independent consultant. He is also an experienced trainer and speaks periodically at conferences and other peer events.
XML is a markup language that is used to define and store data in a structured format. It allows data to be separated from its presentation and is extensible to add new tags. An XML document must have a root element and follow syntax rules to be well-formed. It can also be validated against a DTD or schema to check that the elements and structure match the definitions.
This document provides an overview of XML (eXtensible Markup Language). It defines XML as a meta markup language for representing text documents and data. XML allows users to define their own tags to represent different types of information. The document discusses how XML documents form a tree structure with a root element and nested elements. It also covers XML syntax rules and parsing methods like SAX and DOM that can be used to read and manipulate XML documents.
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of XML technologies. It discusses how XML was developed based on SGML and aimed to describe data in a structured format. Key technologies enabled by XML include XML schemas, which define document structure and data types, and transformations languages like XSLT, which allow XML documents to be manipulated. The document also outlines Java APIs that can be used to programmatically work with XML documents and parse XML content.
XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. It is used to store and transport structured data. XML allows users to define their own tags for marking up data with a tree structure, with one root element. Key features of XML include being extensible, using markup tags, and describing data in a human- and computer-friendly format. XML is commonly used for transporting data between systems and long-term storage of structured data.
1. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. XML was designed to store and transport data.
2. An XML document has a defined structure that includes an XML declaration, document type declaration, elements, attributes, character data, comments, processing instructions, and marked sections. Elements contain the actual content of the document and can also have associated attributes.
3. For an XML document to be considered valid, it must contain a document type declaration that references a DTD (document type definition) or XML schema and the document must obey the constraints defined within that declaration. A
XML was designed to store and transport data in a human- and machine-readable format. It uses markup tags to describe and structure data. XML has several advantages over HTML, including being able to carry arbitrary data rather than just displaying it, and having customizable tags rather than predefined tags. XML documents form a tree structure with elements nested within each other. XML includes syntax rules for tags, elements, attributes, and comments. Namespaces help avoid conflicts between element names. Documents can be validated using DTDs or XML Schemas, which define the structure and legal elements. XML Schemas provide more power and capabilities than DTDs.
The document discusses XML and related technologies like XML databases and MPEG-7. It defines XML and describes how XML documents can be stored and queried using native XML databases. It also explains the key components and applications of the MPEG-7 standard for describing multimedia content.
PowerPoint from a 2012 training session for library assistants. Session was 2 hours long. (Fonts used have created a few layout issues on slideshare. Even though they were embedded)
The Archives Hub is an online aggregator of archival collection descriptions from over 200 UK repositories. It contains over 25,000 collection level descriptions and 100,000 lower level entries. This document provides an overview of the Archives Hub service, how to use the EAD Editor to create and edit archival finding aids, and exporting descriptions from other systems into the Archives Hub's EAD format.
Using Archives: Salford University. Nov 2011Lisa Jeskins
This document provides an overview of using archives for research. It discusses that archives contain unique and unpublished materials that may require visiting the archive in person. It recommends developing effective search strategies and keeping notes on new concepts and terms. The document also introduces several key online resources for finding archive collections, including the Archives Hub, Copac, and various national and regional archives catalogs. Researchers are encouraged to utilize these tools to efficiently search across numerous archive holdings in one place and find relevant contact and visitation details.
L jeskins co_fhe lasec 230511_slideshareLisa Jeskins
Information literacy means developing the skills to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use information. These skills allow people to solve problems and make informed decisions in their academic studies and professional careers. Information literacy involves understanding how information is produced and valued, developing strategies for finding, retrieving, analyzing and using information, and recognizing how knowledge is organized in particular domains. It is an essential skillset for success in higher education and the modern workforce.
Adapt to survive and thrive: core skills and the online environmentLisa Jeskins
This document discusses how archives and information professionals can adapt their core skills to thrive in the online environment. It emphasizes the importance of understanding users, organizing information according to standards, and engaging with users through various communication channels. The key is applying traditional skills of description, interpretation and organization at a global scale online while embracing new technologies and being open to change.
The document provides an introduction to social media trends such as Twitter, Facebook, and blogs. It discusses how Web 2.0 uses the web as a platform and enables sharing, engagement, and community building through two-way conversations. Examples of social media sites include networking sites, bookmarking sites, photo/video sharing sites, blogs, and wikis. The document also discusses using social media to market yourself and your services, and how engagement with users and other organizations can help with promotion, news, and raising awareness.
This document provides an introduction to XML, EAD, and the EAD Editor. It discusses XML as a meta-language for defining markup languages with meaningful tags. It introduces EAD as an XML standard for encoding archival finding aids, allowing them to be indexed, searched, and shared across systems. The document outlines some benefits of EAD including facilitating data exchange and interoperability between archives.
Copac: your union catalogue today and tomorrowLisa Jeskins
Copac is a union catalogue of over 56 contributing institutions including national libraries, academic libraries, special collections, professional associations, government organizations, charities, public libraries, and museums. Recent and forthcoming developments include a new more flexible database, restructured website, and new interface with a revised look and feel. Work-level deduplication will bring together records relating to the same work that exists in different forms across various formats and institutions.
This document provides instructions for using various search and organizational features of the Copac database. It includes steps for conducting basic and advanced searches, viewing full records, adding records to personal references, and editing records by deleting fields, adding notes, and applying tags. The questions ask for information found within specific records, such as the location that holds a work or how the tag cloud could be used to aid research.
The document provides an introduction and agenda for a training on various bibliographic services including the Archives Hub, Copac, and Web of Science. The Archives Hub section describes what archives are, what the Archives Hub is (an online gateway to descriptions of over 20,000 archive collections from UK universities and research institutes), and how to search and browse the Archives Hub. The Copac section explains that Copac is a merged online catalogue of over 50 libraries with 35 million records, and describes how to search, features of record pages, and additional features available when logging in.
2. By the end of today’s session we will have
given you an introduction to:
• what interoperability means
• what XML is, what it does and why it is important
• EAD structure and syntax
• EAD and hierarchies
• UK Archives Discovery Network (UKAD)
3.
4. the ability of two or more systems or
components to exchange information and to
use the information that has been exchanged
(IEEE Standard Computer Dictionary )
5. the ability to exchange/share data
integration of information resources presented in
different formats
within a domain or across domains
advantages of cross-searching
XML facilitates interoperability
7. user can easily search across and retrieve
resources from a wealth of systems
moving beyond individual websites for
individual resources (silo approach)
10. Extensible Markup Language
XML is a grammatical system for creating languages:
◦ a meta-language
Use XML to design your own markup language,
consisting of meaningful tags that describe the data
they contain
Create a language for describing…anything
11. XML does not do anything itself. It is pure
information wrapped in XML tags
You must use other means to send, receive or
display the data
XML XML technologies
is used by to create
Detailed
description
to view in a
browser
Summary
entry to
view in a
browser
PDF for
print
12. XML is not about content, though there might be
certain restrictions on content
XML is essentially about structure
Creating a consistent structure via XML tagging enables
content to be easily identified (by machines) and used
flexibly
13. <title> Alice in Wonderland </title>
*XML allows you to define your tags*
<book>Alice in Wonderland</book>
<filmtitle>Alice in Wonderland</filmtitle>
<tag> content </tag>
14. Attributes are simple name/value pairs
associated with an element
<tag attribute_name=“attribute_value”>content</tag>
<language>English</language>
<language langcode=“eng”>English</language>
<date normal=“2004”>20 Sept 2004</date>
21. a root element is required
<catalog>
…..all your tags and content…
</catalog>
closing tags are required
case matters
22. elements must be properly nested
<physdesc>
<extent>10 boxes</extent>
</physdesc>
<physdesc>
<extent>10 boxes</physdesc>
</extent>
23. attribute values must be enclosed in quotation marks,
e.g. langcode=“fre”
element names must obey some basic rules
◦ e.g. cannot start with numbers or punctuation characters,
cannot contain spaces
◦ e.g. <cd name> or <?name> would be incorrect
24. Look at the following recipe for
Chocolate Brownies – How
would use XML to mark this up?
(I’m reliably informed the recipe
works!)
25. 375g butter
375g dark chocolate
1 tablespoon vanilla extract
6 eggs
500g sugar
225g plain flour
Preheat the oven to 180°C, 350°F or gas mark 4. Grease a swiss roll tin or
oblong baking dish. Melt the chocolate and butter in a bowl over a
saucepan of hot water. Add the vanilla and set the mixture aside until it is
lukewarm.
Whisk the eggs and sugar into the mixture. Sift in the flour and baking
powder and fold gently until the mixture is just combined. Pour into the
greased tin and bake for 20 to 30 minutes until the brownie is cooked
around the edges, but still soft in the middle.
Cool and cut into squares.
Makes 48 brownies
Chocolate Brownies
26. <recipe>
<title>Chocolate Brownies</title>
<ingredients>
<item>375g butter</item>
<item>375g dark chocolate</item>
<item>1 tablespoon vanilla extract</item>
<item>6 eggs</item>
<item>500g sugar</item>
<item>225g plain flour</item>
</ingredients>
<method>
<p>Preheat the oven to <temp>180°C, 350°F or gas mark 4</temp>.Grease a swiss roll tin or oblong
baking dish. Melt the chocolate and butter in a bowl over a saucepan of hot water. Add the vanilla
and set the mixture aside until it is lukewarm. Whisk the eggs and sugar into the mixture.</p>
<p>Sift in the flour and baking powder and fold gently until the mixture is just combined. Pour into
the greased tin and bake for <bakingtime>20 to 30 minutes</bakingtime> until the brownie is
cooked around the edges, but still soft in the middle.</p>
<p>Cool and cut into squares.</p>
</method>
<serving>Makes 48 brownies</serving>
</recipe>
Possible XML
markup for recipe
29. Valid XML: rules specify elements and attributes
used and how used
Valid XML provides consistency and facilitates the
exchange of data
Valid XML is important for displaying, processing and
exchanging XML in a wider environment
30. A Document Type Definition or Schema defines the
building blocks of an XML document
It specifies elements and attributes and defines how
they can be used
People can agree to use a common DTD/Schema for
interchanging data
32. Schemas perform the same task as DTDs
Schemas use XML syntax
Schemas support complex data types
Easier to describe allowable content
One XML document can point to more than one
schema
35. XML file DTD or Schema Valid XML
Blue
Elephant
Papers
……………………
…………
Blue
Elephant
Papers Browse
List
36.
37.
38. Use XML technologies – for displaying, retrieving,
transforming, manipulating
XSLT – Extensible Stylesheet Language for
Transformations
Many technologies available to manipulate XML
documents
39. transformation involves the reading in of an XML file
and an XSLT file to a processor, which can then
generate some output – typically HTML
XSLT
XML
processor
HTML output
40. HTML is ONLY for display, typically in a Web browser
HTML tags do not describe the content
HTML cannot easily be extracted by machines for
different purposes
XML tags can be specified by anyone; HTML tags are
prescribed
41. HTML: <h1> Papers of Peter Rowe </h1>
XML: <title> Papers of Peter Rowe </title>
HTML: <b> 21 May 2004 </b>
XML: <date> 21 May 2004 </date>
42. International standard, supported by the W3C
It is open, licence free and platform neutral
It is human and machine readable
XML documents are text documents
43. XML does not determine the presentation of
the data
◦ use stylesheets to present XML data
◦ with proprietary systems content is inextricably bound up
with format
Hierarchical structure – good for archive
descriptions!
44. XML is the main basis for defining data
exchange languages
Meaningful tags facilitate extraction – data
can be manipulated as required
45. All publicly funded bodies should use XML for
data exchange (e-GIF)
XML has been widely adopted commercially
as well as in the public sector
46. XML is:
◦ simple
◦ flexible
◦ great for data exchange
XML must be:
◦ well-formed
◦ valid
DTDs and Schemas:
◦ to create valid XML
◦ provide tags, attributes and rules
XML requires other XML technologies
◦ e.g. stylesheets can transform XML for display
47.
48. EAD = Encoded Archival Description
EAD is XML for finding aids
A data structure standard – not a content standard
A structure that allows finding aids to be indexed,
searched, retrieved and navigated
Compatible with ISAD(G)
49. EAD is:
Flexible enough to deal with all types of finding aids:
single or multi-level, long or short, lists or calendars
etc.
Used to create new finding aids as well as converting
old ones to standardised form
Used to share data between systems
50. EAD is maintained and developed by an
international working group
Develops and publishes documentation and
tools: tag library, guidelines, EAD Cookbook,
websites
64. <head>
<p>; <lb>
<emph>; <blockquote>
<list><item>;
<chronlist><chronitem>;
<ref>; <ptr>; <dao>
Headings
Layout
Italics and quotes
Lists
References, pointers
and links to digital objects
NB: EAD is NOT about the presentation
of your finding aids, but about their
syntax. Separate software will take care
of the display of the information.
65. ISAD(G) (v.2)
3.1.1 Reference code(s)
3.1.2 Title
3.1.3 Dates of creation
3.1.4 Level of description
3.1.5 Extent of the unit
3.2.1 Name of creator
3.2.2 Administrative/Biographical
history
3.2.3 Custodial history
3.2.4 Immediate source of acquisition
3.3.1 Scope and content
3.3.2 Appraisal, destruction and
scheduling
EAD 2002
<unitid> countrycode and
repositorycode attributes
<unittitle>
<unitdate>
<archdesc> and <c> level attribute
<physdesc>, <extent>
<origination>
<bioghist>
<custodhist>
<acqinfo>
<scopecontent>
<appraisal>
66. 3.3.3 Accruals
3.3.4 System of arrangement
3.4.1 Access conditions
3.4.2 Copyright/Reproduction
3.4.3 Language of material
3.4.4 Physical characteristics
3.4.5 Finding aids
3.5.1 Location of originals
3.5.2 Existence of copies
3.5.3 Related units of description
3.5.4 Publication note
3.6.1 Note
<accruals>
<arrangement>
<accessrestrict>
<userestrict>
<langmaterial>
<phystech>
<otherfindaid>
<originalsloc>
<altformavail>
<relatedmaterial> and <separatedmaterial>
<bibliography>
<odd>
67. EAD version 1 DTD
EAD 2002 DTD
EAD 2002 Schema
Available from http://www.loc.gov/ead/
Human-readable version: EAD Tag Library (Society of
American Archivists)
68. Library of Congress Official EAD site:
http://www.loc.gov/ead/
Tag Library: http://www.loc.gov/ead/tglib/index.html
EAD Roundtable Help Pages:
http://www.archivists.org/saagroups/ead/
69.
70. ISAD(G) states that to be a conformant archival
description a finding aid must:
Be hierarchical
◦ Description from the general to the specific
◦ Information relevant to the level of description
◦ Linking of descriptions (logical sequence)
◦ Non-repetition of information
Contain a minimum set of data elements
71. Recommended elements for lower level
descriptions:
◦ reference code
◦ title
◦ date(s)
◦ extent of the unit of description
◦ level of description
75. EAD supports two ways of representing levels
<c> is used in A2A, <c0*> on the Hub
Slightly easier to use <c0*>, as the numbers give you
more of an idea of the level you are working at
77. XML is a meta-language for creating mark-up
languages
XML files require other technologies for display,
processing, etc.
For archive finding aids EAD is the DTD/Schema to
use
78. It is XML, which is an international standard
It is a simple and effective way of structuring content
and providing meaning
Machines can manipulate the content in all sorts of
ways
It is a great format to store finding-aids
82. UKAD: http://www.ukad.org/
To promote the opening up of data and to offer capacity for such
a cross-searching capability across the UK archive networks and
online repository catalogues
To lead and support resource discovery through the promotion of
relevant national and international standards
To support the development and use of name authorities
83. To advocate for the reduction of cataloguing
backlogs and the retro-conversion of hard-copy
catalogues
To promote access to digitized and digital archives
via cross-searching resource discovery systems.
To work with other domains and potential funders to
promote archive discovery
84. Fairly loose structure
Meetings about twice a year
Forum for discussion, sharing, connecting and collaborating
Creating a framework for activities (matrix)
◦ International/national/regional
◦ Meeting UKAD objectives, e.g. open up data; standards-based resource
discovery; retro-conversion
85. Not many UK archives currently using EAD as a storage format
EAD will increasingly be used as an export format from
proprietary database systems like CALM, for use in XML-based
gateways such as Aim25 and the Archives Hub
New software becoming available all the time, which makes it
easier to create, search and display XML – much of this is
open source and often free
86. Differences in how EAD is used
Encourages interoperability but still requires work to
ensure seamless cross-searching
EAD is flexible and includes a large number of tags
which has advantages and disadvantages
87. XML is an international standard for sharing
information
EAD is the XML language for archival finding aids
EAD is not a content standard
Use ISAD(G) for content guidelines and thesauri or
authority files for index terms
88. You have used the Archives Hub’s EAD editor to
create EAD records
XML Editors, such as XMetal or XMLspy can provide
help with validating and with selecting tags and
attributes
EAD will become increasingly important
Editor's Notes
This is just one way that the recipe could be marked up. This would be valid XML. Notice the pairing of the tags and that this is well nested.
Key UKAD partners: Access 2 Archives, Archives Hub, AIM25, Archives Wales, Genesis, Janus, National Register of Archives, Scottish Archives Network, A Vision of Britain