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ARALIN 2
ANG PAMBANSANG KITA
BAKIT MAHALAGANG
MASUKAT ANG
ECONOMIC
PERFORMANCE NG
ISANG BANSA?
KAHALAGAHAN NG PAGSUKAT SA PAMBANSANG KITA
(CAMPBELL R. MCCONNELL AT STANLEY BRUE)
1. NAKAPAGBIBIGAY NG IDEYA TUNGKOL SA ANTAS NG
PRODUKSIYON NG EKONOMIYA SA ISANG PARTIKULAR NA TAON
2. NASUSUBAYBAYAN ANG DIREKSIYONG TINATAHAK NG ATING
EKONOMIYA
3. GABAY SA PAGPAPLANO NG EKONOMIYA
4. NAIIWASAN ANG MALING DATOS AT MGA HAKA-HAKA
5. NIA (NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING) – MAAARING MASUKAT
ANG KALUSUGAN NG EKONOMIYA NG BANSA
ANO ANG GNI O
GROSS NATIONAL
INCOME?
GNI O GROSS NATIONAL INCOME
• NA DATING TINATAWAG NA GROSS NATIONAL
PRODUCT O GNP AY TUMUTUKOY SA KABUUANG
PAMPAMILIHANG HALAGA NG MGA PRODUKTO AT
SERBISYO NA NAGAWA NG MGA MAMAMAYAN NG
ISANG BANSA
GNI
• KALIMITANG SINUSUKAT SA BAWAT QUARTER SA LOOB NG ISANG TAON
• SINUSUKAT GAMIT ANG SALAPI NG ISANG BANSA
• GINAGAMIT NA PAMANTAYAN ANG DOLYAR NG US SA PAGHAHAMBING
• ANG HALAGA LAMANG NGA MGA TAPOS NA PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO LAMANG
ANG ISINASAMA SA PAGKUWENTA
DAPAT TANDAAN:
• HINDI ISINASAMA SA PAGKUWENTA NG GNI ANG MGA HINDI
PAMPAMILIHANG GAWAIN
• HINDI RIN IBINIBILANG SA PAGKUWENTA NG GNI ANG MGA
PRODUKTONG NABUO MULA SA IMPORMAL NA SEKTOR O
UNDERGROUND ECONOMY
• ANG MGA PRODUKTONG SEGUNDA MANO AY HINDI RIN KABILANG
SA PAGBILANG NG GNI
ANO ANG PAGKAKAIBA NG GNI SA GROSS
DOMESTIC PRODUCT?
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
- KABUUANG PAMPAMILIHANG HALAGA NG LAHAT
NG NABUONG PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO NA
GINAWA SA LOOB NG ITINAKDANG PANAHON
- MGA MAMAMAYAN NG BANSA ANG NAGMAMAY-
ARI NG MGA SALIK NG PRODUKSIYONG ITO KAHIT
SAANG BAHAGI NG DAIGDIG ITO GINAWA.
- SUMUSUKAT SA KABUUANG PAMPAMILIHANG
HALAGA NG LAHAT NG TAPOS NA PRODUKTO AT
SERBISYO NA GINAWA SA LOOB NG ISANG TAKDAN
PANAHON SA LOOB NG ISANG BANSA.
- LAHAT NG PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO NA BINUO SA
LOOB NG BANSA KAHIT PA PAGMAMAY-ARI NG
DAYUHAN
* HINDI IBINIBILANG ANG KITA NG ISANG DAYUHAN SA GNI NG ATING BANSA DAHIL HINDI
SIYA MAMAMAYAN NG BANSA
MGA PARAAN SA PAGSUKAT NG GNI:
• AYON KAY VILLEGAS AT ABOLA (1992), MAY TATLONG
PARAAN NG PAGSUKAT SA GROSS NATIONAL INCOME:
• 1. EXPENDITURE APPROACH
• 2. INCOME APPROACH
• 3. INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN APPROACH
1. EXPENDITURE APPROACH
• SAMBAHAYAN, BAHAY- KALAKAL, PAMAHALAAN AT PANLABAS NA SEKTOR
• ANG BAWAT SEKTOR AY PINAGKAKAGASTUSAN NA MGA SUMUSUNOD:
1. GASTUSING PERSONAL ( C )
2. GASTUSIN NG MGA NAMUMUHUNAN ( I )
3. GASTUSIN NG PAMAHALAAN ( G )
4. GASTUSIN NG PANLABAS NA SEKTOR ( X-M )
5. STATISTICAL DISCREPANCY ( SD )
6. NET FACTOR INCOME FROM ABROAD ( NFIFA )
GNI = C + I + G + (X-M) + SD + NFIFA
NET PRIMARY INCOME
900,456 1,224,671 4.2
2. INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN / VALUE ADDED
APPROACH
- SA PARAANG BATAY SA INDUSTRIYA, MASUSUKAT ANG GROSS
DOMESTIC PRODUCT NG BANSA KUNG PAGSASAMAHIN ANG
KABUUANG HALAGA NG PRODUKSIYON NG MGA PANGUNAHING
INDUSTRIYA NG BANSA.
- AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AT SERVICE SECTOR
-GDP + NFIFA = GNI
3. INCOME APPROACH
A. SAHOD NG MGA MANGGAGAWA
B. NET OPERATING SURPLUS – TINUBO NG MGA NEGOSYO
C. DEPRESASYON – PAGBABA NG HALAGA
D. DI-TUWIRANG BUWIS / SUBSIDYA
- DI-TUWIRANG BUWIS – KABILANG DITO ANG SALES
TAX, CUSTOM DUTIES, LISENSIYA AT IBA PANG DI-TUWIRANG
BUWIS
- SUBSIDYA – SALAPING BINABALIKAT NG PAMAHALAAN
NANG HINDI TUMATANGGAP NG KAPALIT NA PRODUKTO
O SERBISYO
CURRENT/ NOMINAL AT REAL/CONSTANT
PRICES GNI
• CURRENT O NOMINAL GNI – tumutukoy sa kabuuang halaga ng mga
natapos na produkto at serbisyong nagawa sa loob ng isang takdang
panahon batay sa kasalukuyang presyo
• REAL GNI O GNI AT CONSTANT PRICES - kumakatawan sa kabuuang
halaga ng mga tapos na produkto at serbisyong ginawa sa loob ng
isang takdang panahon batay sa nakaraan pang presyo o sa
pamamagitan ng paggamit ng batayang taon o base year.
• PRICE INDEX – average na pagbabago sa presyo ng mga produkto at
serbisyo. Nalalaman kung may pagtaas o pagbaba sa presyo ng mga
produkto at serbisyo
Halimbawa:
KUNG ANG BATAYANG TAON AY 2000
TAON NOMINAL GNI PRICE INDEX REAL GNI
2006 7,883,088 133.36 5,911,313
2007 8,634,132 137.57 6,276,013
2008 9,776,185 148.35 6,590,009
2009 10,652,466 152.42 6,988,767
2010 11,996,077 158.65 7,561,386
TANDAAN: ANG PRICE INDEX NG BATAYANG TAON AY PALAGING NAKATAKDA SA 100
REAL GNI = PI BASE YR X CURRENT GNI
PI CURRENT YR
GNI PRESENT YEAR – GNI PREVIOUS YEAR
GROWTH RATE =
__________________________________________ X 100
GNI PREVIOUS YEAR
GROWTH RATE = POSITIVE – MATAAS ; NEGATIVE - MABABA
LIMITASYON SA PAGSUKAT NG PAMBANSANG
KITA
• HINDI PAMPAMILIHANG GAWAIN
• IMPORMAL NA SEKTOR
• EXTERNALITIES O HINDI SINASADYANG EPEKTO
• KALIDAD NG BUHAY
ASSIGNMENT:
½ CROSSWISE
• SAGUTIN ANG MGA
SUMUSUNOD:
1. GAWAIN 1 MGA
PAMPROSESONG TANONG –
PAHINA 259
2. Gawain 2
Pamprosesong tanong –
pahina 260
3. Gawain 3 – Pahina
260

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araling panlipunan kahalagahan ng pambansang kita

  • 3. KAHALAGAHAN NG PAGSUKAT SA PAMBANSANG KITA (CAMPBELL R. MCCONNELL AT STANLEY BRUE) 1. NAKAPAGBIBIGAY NG IDEYA TUNGKOL SA ANTAS NG PRODUKSIYON NG EKONOMIYA SA ISANG PARTIKULAR NA TAON 2. NASUSUBAYBAYAN ANG DIREKSIYONG TINATAHAK NG ATING EKONOMIYA 3. GABAY SA PAGPAPLANO NG EKONOMIYA 4. NAIIWASAN ANG MALING DATOS AT MGA HAKA-HAKA 5. NIA (NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING) – MAAARING MASUKAT ANG KALUSUGAN NG EKONOMIYA NG BANSA
  • 4. ANO ANG GNI O GROSS NATIONAL INCOME?
  • 5. GNI O GROSS NATIONAL INCOME • NA DATING TINATAWAG NA GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT O GNP AY TUMUTUKOY SA KABUUANG PAMPAMILIHANG HALAGA NG MGA PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO NA NAGAWA NG MGA MAMAMAYAN NG ISANG BANSA
  • 6. GNI • KALIMITANG SINUSUKAT SA BAWAT QUARTER SA LOOB NG ISANG TAON • SINUSUKAT GAMIT ANG SALAPI NG ISANG BANSA • GINAGAMIT NA PAMANTAYAN ANG DOLYAR NG US SA PAGHAHAMBING • ANG HALAGA LAMANG NGA MGA TAPOS NA PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO LAMANG ANG ISINASAMA SA PAGKUWENTA
  • 7. DAPAT TANDAAN: • HINDI ISINASAMA SA PAGKUWENTA NG GNI ANG MGA HINDI PAMPAMILIHANG GAWAIN • HINDI RIN IBINIBILANG SA PAGKUWENTA NG GNI ANG MGA PRODUKTONG NABUO MULA SA IMPORMAL NA SEKTOR O UNDERGROUND ECONOMY • ANG MGA PRODUKTONG SEGUNDA MANO AY HINDI RIN KABILANG SA PAGBILANG NG GNI
  • 8. ANO ANG PAGKAKAIBA NG GNI SA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT? GROSS NATIONAL INCOME GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT - KABUUANG PAMPAMILIHANG HALAGA NG LAHAT NG NABUONG PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO NA GINAWA SA LOOB NG ITINAKDANG PANAHON - MGA MAMAMAYAN NG BANSA ANG NAGMAMAY- ARI NG MGA SALIK NG PRODUKSIYONG ITO KAHIT SAANG BAHAGI NG DAIGDIG ITO GINAWA. - SUMUSUKAT SA KABUUANG PAMPAMILIHANG HALAGA NG LAHAT NG TAPOS NA PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO NA GINAWA SA LOOB NG ISANG TAKDAN PANAHON SA LOOB NG ISANG BANSA. - LAHAT NG PRODUKTO AT SERBISYO NA BINUO SA LOOB NG BANSA KAHIT PA PAGMAMAY-ARI NG DAYUHAN * HINDI IBINIBILANG ANG KITA NG ISANG DAYUHAN SA GNI NG ATING BANSA DAHIL HINDI SIYA MAMAMAYAN NG BANSA
  • 9. MGA PARAAN SA PAGSUKAT NG GNI: • AYON KAY VILLEGAS AT ABOLA (1992), MAY TATLONG PARAAN NG PAGSUKAT SA GROSS NATIONAL INCOME: • 1. EXPENDITURE APPROACH • 2. INCOME APPROACH • 3. INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN APPROACH
  • 10. 1. EXPENDITURE APPROACH • SAMBAHAYAN, BAHAY- KALAKAL, PAMAHALAAN AT PANLABAS NA SEKTOR • ANG BAWAT SEKTOR AY PINAGKAKAGASTUSAN NA MGA SUMUSUNOD: 1. GASTUSING PERSONAL ( C ) 2. GASTUSIN NG MGA NAMUMUHUNAN ( I ) 3. GASTUSIN NG PAMAHALAAN ( G ) 4. GASTUSIN NG PANLABAS NA SEKTOR ( X-M ) 5. STATISTICAL DISCREPANCY ( SD ) 6. NET FACTOR INCOME FROM ABROAD ( NFIFA )
  • 11. GNI = C + I + G + (X-M) + SD + NFIFA NET PRIMARY INCOME 900,456 1,224,671 4.2
  • 12. 2. INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN / VALUE ADDED APPROACH - SA PARAANG BATAY SA INDUSTRIYA, MASUSUKAT ANG GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT NG BANSA KUNG PAGSASAMAHIN ANG KABUUANG HALAGA NG PRODUKSIYON NG MGA PANGUNAHING INDUSTRIYA NG BANSA. - AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AT SERVICE SECTOR -GDP + NFIFA = GNI
  • 13. 3. INCOME APPROACH A. SAHOD NG MGA MANGGAGAWA B. NET OPERATING SURPLUS – TINUBO NG MGA NEGOSYO C. DEPRESASYON – PAGBABA NG HALAGA D. DI-TUWIRANG BUWIS / SUBSIDYA - DI-TUWIRANG BUWIS – KABILANG DITO ANG SALES TAX, CUSTOM DUTIES, LISENSIYA AT IBA PANG DI-TUWIRANG BUWIS - SUBSIDYA – SALAPING BINABALIKAT NG PAMAHALAAN NANG HINDI TUMATANGGAP NG KAPALIT NA PRODUKTO O SERBISYO
  • 14. CURRENT/ NOMINAL AT REAL/CONSTANT PRICES GNI • CURRENT O NOMINAL GNI – tumutukoy sa kabuuang halaga ng mga natapos na produkto at serbisyong nagawa sa loob ng isang takdang panahon batay sa kasalukuyang presyo • REAL GNI O GNI AT CONSTANT PRICES - kumakatawan sa kabuuang halaga ng mga tapos na produkto at serbisyong ginawa sa loob ng isang takdang panahon batay sa nakaraan pang presyo o sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng batayang taon o base year. • PRICE INDEX – average na pagbabago sa presyo ng mga produkto at serbisyo. Nalalaman kung may pagtaas o pagbaba sa presyo ng mga produkto at serbisyo
  • 15. Halimbawa: KUNG ANG BATAYANG TAON AY 2000 TAON NOMINAL GNI PRICE INDEX REAL GNI 2006 7,883,088 133.36 5,911,313 2007 8,634,132 137.57 6,276,013 2008 9,776,185 148.35 6,590,009 2009 10,652,466 152.42 6,988,767 2010 11,996,077 158.65 7,561,386 TANDAAN: ANG PRICE INDEX NG BATAYANG TAON AY PALAGING NAKATAKDA SA 100
  • 16. REAL GNI = PI BASE YR X CURRENT GNI PI CURRENT YR GNI PRESENT YEAR – GNI PREVIOUS YEAR GROWTH RATE = __________________________________________ X 100 GNI PREVIOUS YEAR GROWTH RATE = POSITIVE – MATAAS ; NEGATIVE - MABABA
  • 17. LIMITASYON SA PAGSUKAT NG PAMBANSANG KITA • HINDI PAMPAMILIHANG GAWAIN • IMPORMAL NA SEKTOR • EXTERNALITIES O HINDI SINASADYANG EPEKTO • KALIDAD NG BUHAY
  • 18. ASSIGNMENT: ½ CROSSWISE • SAGUTIN ANG MGA SUMUSUNOD: 1. GAWAIN 1 MGA PAMPROSESONG TANONG – PAHINA 259 2. Gawain 2 Pamprosesong tanong – pahina 260 3. Gawain 3 – Pahina 260