The document discusses different approaches to educational planning, including the return on investment approach. It defines key terms like rate of return and outlines five key steps to conducting a return on investment analysis for education: 1) identifying a student performance need, 2) considering investment options, 3) defining ROI metrics and gathering data, 4) weighing investment options, and 5) making investment decisions. However, it notes that directly applying the ROI approach to education is difficult due to challenges in accurately measuring the rate of return from education, which can be influenced by many external factors beyond the education itself.

1. Approaches to Educational
Planning
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

2. • Planning is to design some action to be done before
hand.
• Planning is essential in the field of education entitled
as “Educational Planning” which is a major
requirement in the contemporary society. The
complexities of the present scientifically developed
and technologically advanced society have given
special position to the need for planning in
education.
• Proper educational planning saves time, effort and
money as planning in every field is a time-saving, an
effort-saving and a money-saving activity.
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

3. ATEP
Social
Demand
Approach
Social
Justice
Approach
Return on
Investment
Approach
Manpower
Approach
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

4. Rate of Return
• A rate of return is the gain or loss on an investment
over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage
of the investment’s cost.
• CAGR = (EV/BV)1/n - 1
where:
CAGR= Compounded annual growth rate
EV = The investment's ending value
BV = The investment's beginning value
n = Years
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

5. Return on investment
• Investment in education should take place in such
a way that the returns from the investment are
equal to the returns from other kinds of
investment of capital, e.g., investment in industry.
• This approach treats education as an investment
in human capital and uses rate of returns as a
criterion in allocation of financial resources.
• The approach implies that if the rate of return is
low, expenditure on education should be
curtailed.
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

6. CONT….
• Return-On-Investment analysis is a tool for
improving resource efficiency—which is to say,
improving the impact of our limited resources.
• Widely used in the business world, it
compares the expected gains (returns) per
unit of cost (investment) of a variety of
potential actions.
• In recent years, there has been growing
interest in adapting this approach to
education—sometimes called educational
productivity, or academic-ROI.
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

7. Five Key Steps:-
1. Identify the core need:
What fundamental student performance need
are we focusing on, and what’s our theory of
change for addressing it?
• What fundamental student need are we
targeting?
• What performance target do we want to
reach, and what outcome measures will we
use to gauge progress and success?
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

8. 2. Consider a broad range of investment options:
What are the investments we currently make to
address this need, and what else could we do?
• What is our theory of action for meeting this
student need? What seems to cause the need?
• What do we currently invest in this area or toward
this end?
• What people, time, and money do we currently
invest in programs, instruction, and support
targeted at related outcomes?
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

9. 3. Define ROI metrics and gather data:
What are the relative returns (costs weighed
against benefits) to the set of
current/potential options?
• What kind of data is available on the impact of
the various policies, investments, or initiatives
we identified? What’s the source?
• Does this policy generate a one-time or a
multiple-year impact on student learning?
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

10. 4. Weigh investment options:
What other factors do we need to consider, in
order to select from among the options?
• What could go wrong in our implementation
that might affect outcomes? What might drive
additional costs?
• What would happen if we took no action?
Would we be worse off?
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

11. 5. Make investment decisions:
How can we free resources to do what we
want to do?
• How much will it cost, and how does that
compare to the resources available to invest?
• How much additional would be needed to
pursue the top option?
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

12. Types Of
ROI
Social ROI
Private ROI
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

13. Limitations
• In reality, it is difficult to apply this approach
to education due to problems associated with
measuring rate of returns in education.
• An educated person’s earnings or rate of
returns depend upon his/her innate
intelligence, parental socio-economic status,
motivation and aspirations.
• It is not easy to attribute the rate of returns
only to education acquired. Hence, this
approach is least frequently applied to
education.
Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)

14. Noushia Tabassum M.Ed(2015-17)