1) The study looked at using geospatial techniques to select suitable solid waste dumpsites in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.
2) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) were used to integrate different spatial datasets like land use maps and evaluate them based on criteria to identify potential dumpsite locations.
3) The study found that 26 of the 27 existing dumpsites were improperly located and the only dumpsite was inadequate. It recommended establishing additional suitable dumpsites identified through the analysis and properly managing waste disposal.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
A study Report on Implementation of GIS in Solid Waste ManagementAM Publications
Increasing human population and economic development and urbanization has resulted in generation of huge quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW). It involves many activities like collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. There is tremendous amount of loss in terms of environment degradation, health hazards and economic descend, due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate waste at initial stages where it is generated. Planners are thus forced to consider alternate and available means of disposal, especially by minimizing damage to the ecosystem and human population. GIS has proved to be boon to such planners by visualizing the real solid waste situations and facilitating route analysis through mapping. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface.
Background: Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of ‘one planet’. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the earth’s ecological limits or not. The introduction of ecological footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka, where the unplanned consumption pattern of the population is producing a very unsustainable situation. Objective: This study intends to introduce this new concept through calculating the Ecological Footprint Account (usually 90% of it consists with Carbon Footprint/Emission Account) of the prestigious residential area Dhanmondi, which is one of the major resource consuming area of Dhaka city. Method: A blending of ‘component’ and ‘direct’ method has been used. Questionnaire survey (in 240 HH) has been conducted to gather information about the consumption pattern for different components (i.e. energy, food, service etc.) in the households for the year 2011. Biocapacity of Dhanmondi RA is also measured from the bioproductive lands available within the area. Following the generated results, sustainability analysis has been done. Results: An enormous gap between demand (1.19 global hectare/person) and supply (0.02 global hectare/person) of natural resources has been observed from the scrutiny. Conclusion: Natural gas consumption for domestic purpose has been found as the main motive behind the high footprint figure compared to the national average followed by Electricity, Food and Transportation. Biocapacity has been discovered as very petite amount because of unplanned urban agglomeration.
Municipal solid waste landfill site selection in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropo...Premier Publishers
One of the threats to global environmental health is waste generation. Growth in population as well as rise in the quantity of municipal solid waste generated has made it difficult to locate appropriate site for waste disposal in most urban areas. Land filling is now accepted as the most widely used method for addressing this problem in all countries of the world. However, appropriate site selection for land filling is a problem in waste management and therefore needs to be addressed. This research sought to identify a suitable landfill site for waste disposal in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana. To achieve this, Geographical Information System (GIS), Fuzzy Logic and Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE) were applied in order to display and rank candidate sites. The analysis was limited to criteria that were selected and relevant to the area under investigation. The results obtained provide clear areas for landfill sites in the study area and finally arrives at suitable areas.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
A study Report on Implementation of GIS in Solid Waste ManagementAM Publications
Increasing human population and economic development and urbanization has resulted in generation of huge quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW). It involves many activities like collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. There is tremendous amount of loss in terms of environment degradation, health hazards and economic descend, due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate waste at initial stages where it is generated. Planners are thus forced to consider alternate and available means of disposal, especially by minimizing damage to the ecosystem and human population. GIS has proved to be boon to such planners by visualizing the real solid waste situations and facilitating route analysis through mapping. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface.
Background: Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of ‘one planet’. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the earth’s ecological limits or not. The introduction of ecological footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka, where the unplanned consumption pattern of the population is producing a very unsustainable situation. Objective: This study intends to introduce this new concept through calculating the Ecological Footprint Account (usually 90% of it consists with Carbon Footprint/Emission Account) of the prestigious residential area Dhanmondi, which is one of the major resource consuming area of Dhaka city. Method: A blending of ‘component’ and ‘direct’ method has been used. Questionnaire survey (in 240 HH) has been conducted to gather information about the consumption pattern for different components (i.e. energy, food, service etc.) in the households for the year 2011. Biocapacity of Dhanmondi RA is also measured from the bioproductive lands available within the area. Following the generated results, sustainability analysis has been done. Results: An enormous gap between demand (1.19 global hectare/person) and supply (0.02 global hectare/person) of natural resources has been observed from the scrutiny. Conclusion: Natural gas consumption for domestic purpose has been found as the main motive behind the high footprint figure compared to the national average followed by Electricity, Food and Transportation. Biocapacity has been discovered as very petite amount because of unplanned urban agglomeration.
Municipal solid waste landfill site selection in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropo...Premier Publishers
One of the threats to global environmental health is waste generation. Growth in population as well as rise in the quantity of municipal solid waste generated has made it difficult to locate appropriate site for waste disposal in most urban areas. Land filling is now accepted as the most widely used method for addressing this problem in all countries of the world. However, appropriate site selection for land filling is a problem in waste management and therefore needs to be addressed. This research sought to identify a suitable landfill site for waste disposal in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana. To achieve this, Geographical Information System (GIS), Fuzzy Logic and Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE) were applied in order to display and rank candidate sites. The analysis was limited to criteria that were selected and relevant to the area under investigation. The results obtained provide clear areas for landfill sites in the study area and finally arrives at suitable areas.
Modeling the environmental impacts of landlfiling and incineration waste mana...eSAT Journals
Abstract Improper solid wastes management poses environmental risks to both humans and plants. Landfilling and Incineration are two identified prominent means of waste disposal, and they both have residual pollution impacts on the environment. This study assessed the environmental impacts of these waste disposal methods from the waste dumps of Odo-Oba, Ogo Oluwa Local Government Area, Nigeria. Field Survey, questionnaire interviews, and measurement of trace gases emitted from the dumps were carried out. Wastes were sorted, weighed and characterized. Two Scenarios of Landfilling and Incineration were formulated and the field data were modeled with GaBi6 software to determine the environmental impact of the waste. Findings show that the present method of waste management in Odo-Oba area is inadequate as there is no landfill and open burning of indiscriminate dumps is in practice. The waste generated is majorly of agricultural products of about 43% composition. Others in decreasing magnitude include nylon, metals, paper, plastic, textiles, ashes and demolition respectively. The per capita waste generation per day within the agricultural market is 0.92kg per day while that of the selected residential houses is 0.31kg per day. Wastes are usually burnt on daily basis, leading to emission of certain trace gases of which methane is of the highest concentration of 619 ppm. For landfilling model, paper contributes the highest in Global Warming Potential and Eutrophication Potential whereas biodegradable materials and plastic materials dominate in Acidification Potential and Ozone Depletion Potential respectively. Glass and metal has the least noticeable impacts. From incineration model, plastic materials contribute the highest environmental impact in Acidification Potential, Global Warming Potential and Eutrophication Potential while metals have the least influence in all cases, aside the Ozone Depletion Potential having glass materials. The landfill model thus poses lesser environmental threat and its sanitary type is therefore recommended for use in the study area. Keywords: Environmental impact indices, GaBi6 tool, Life Cycle Assessment, Landfilling, Incineration
Property Development and Land Use Planning Regulations in NigeriaIJEAB
Several land use planning regulations have been enacted in Nigeria over the years to control property development so as to ensure sustainable human environment. Despite the existence of these regulations, property development is still being carried out in ways that constitute environmental challenges in cities. With samples drawn from Abia State, this study examined the level of compliance of property development with planning regulations in Nigeria. The study was based mainly on primary data which were collected through direct observation, questionnaires, and through measurement of geometric variables of the buildings and their immediate outdoor spaces. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to proportionately select buildings and respondents that were surveyed. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, the t - test for paired samples was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Findings show that the level of compliance of buildings to planning regulations is not significant, with mean compliance rate being less than 20%. It also reveals that there is significant difference in the level of compliance to planning regulations between buildings constructed in the urban areas (with mean compliance rate of 14.5%), and those constructed in suburban/ rural areas (with mean compliance rate of 42%). Certain factors were found to be responsible for the low level of compliance among which are low level of physical planning and inadequate funding for planning authorities. The researchers therefore recommend that government should embark on the preparation of up-to-date land use plans for various towns and villages; implement the autonomy of the town planning authorities; and create the enabling environment for effective development control across the country.
Assessment of Indoor and Traffic Air Pollution in Ambo, Oromia Region, Ethiop...theijes
Air plays a vital role to support the life system of all kind of living things in the biosphere. Air is defined as the elastic, invisible and tasteless mixture of gases that surrounds the earth. Quality of air is being changed day to day, due to the natural and anthropogenic activities. The simultaneous growth of urbanization, industrialization and transportation leads to air pollution, which causes severe impact on the environment. Emissions from different sources like Point, Area and Line are considered as serious air pollutants responsible for air pollution. The atmosphere, as a matter of fact, contains hundreds of air pollutants from natural and anthropogenic sources. All such pollutants are primary pollutants. The important primary pollutants are: sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons etc. Such air pollutants are to be identified and characterized along with their sources, in order to describe the present air environment strategies in Ambo town, Ethiopia. Annual emission concentration of these pollutants is to be assessed with the consideration of total annual fuel usage in various sources and appropriate emission factors.
Kochi, the commercial capital of Kerala and the
second most important city next to Mumbai on the Western
coast of India, is a land having a wide variety of residential
environments. The present pattern of the city can be classified
as that of haphazard growth with typical problems
characteristics of unplanned urban development. This trend
can be ascribed to rapid population growth, our changing
lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards,
institutional weaknesses, improper choice of technology and
public apathy. Ecological footprint analysis (EFA) is a
quantitative tool that represents the ecological load imposed
on the earth by humans in spatial terms. This paper analyses
the scope of EFA as a sustainable environmental management
tool for Kochi City.
Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala m...Premier Publishers
The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within the landfill in space and time. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to draw conclusions. The results show that, on average, municipal solid waste composition in the municipality has been changing over time. On average 490194580 Kg of wastes are generated per month, giving a per capita generation rate of 0.54 ± 0.071 kg person-1month-1. While inert (7.4±0.8), metal (2.6 ± 0.8), glass (3.5% ± 1.3), and paper (14.5% ± 0.9) wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the dry season, plastic (16.1% ± 2.6), organic (49.8.3% ± 3.1) and special wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the rainy season. However, at α = 0.05, all waste categories resulted in P > α, with extreme critical values for the test statistic t, suggesting that waste composition do not significantly differ from season to season. Similar results were observed for the mean generation rates across the different districts.Forecasting generation rates could be important for proper planning of operations related to solid waste management.
Solid Waste Management: Recovery, Reuse and Recycling in Sekondi-Takoradi Met...Premier Publishers
In many developing countries, the resource potential of solid waste is not harnessed. However, it is known that recovery of solid waste for reuse and recycling can greatly reduce the pressure on meager waste management infrastructure. The focus of this research was to gather information which could be used to increase and expand the rate of material recovery from solid waste generated in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis of Ghana. This paper therefore presents a broad understanding of the key waste management processes, especially those related to recovery, reuse and recycling of solid waste. A detailed analysis of waste generation, recovery, reuse and recycling was done. The informal recycling market in Sekondi-Takoradi was also captured. Based on the findings of the research, it is possible to design waste recovery strategy for higher income and middle income communities where greater volumes of dry recyclable waste fractions are generated.
Use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste and Lime in Local Subgrade Soil Stabilizat...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increased human activity and urban agglomeration have, of late added critical dimensions to environmental planning and solid waste management. The present day conventional practices of on-site-land disposal method of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are creating environmental pollution and health hazards. MSW generated from the house holds of Warangal city in the burnt form is taken for demonstration and investigative study for its use in stabilization of local subgrade soils. A comprehensive data collection through primary house-hold survey using a structured questionnaire is conducted on residential waste, collection, transportation, disposal for its quantification and characterization. Waste samples were collected from the disposal site and is analyzed for their engineering properties in un-burnt and burnt forms. Sub grade soil samples from a rural area near Chintagattu village in Warangal District of Telangana State in India were collected and are examined for its compaction characteristics, CBR value and strength characteristics. Laboratory experimental investigations are carried for the use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste (BMSW) in local subgrade soil stabilization in presence of lime. Optimum percentage of lime is arrived at based on un confined compressive strength(UCS) and CBR value criteria. Experimental, investigations are carried on local subgrade soil, soil-lime mix and soli-lime- BMSW mix for assessing the engineering properties and their use in construction of secondary roads. Experimental investigation results are encouraging and revealed that local soils can be stabilized by using BMSW ash (20%) in presence of lime(4%) for the significant improvement in strength and reduction in pavement overlay thickness up to 30%.
We briefly present the current state of municipal solid waste management in China, the trends, and the challenges encountered in solving the issue of increasing waste production in urban area.
Enabling Conditions to Implement the 2018 Forest Proclamation to Facilitate F...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Habtemariam Kassa on April 5, 2019 at Workshop in Ethiopia ("Forests and climate change: research results and implications for REDD+ and forest governance in Ethiopia")
Farmers manage large areas of landscapes that are altogether designed by heterogeneous actors. Conflicts may eventually arise in complex regions like the Mediterranean where the urban and agricultural actors’ spaces for action easily overlap and concur for the use and management of soil and water. A territorial or landscape perspective is therefore required to inform the design of land management systems capable to meet the place-based development goals. A greater involvement of agronomy in the landscape arena would help to design landscape management policies that are better informed of farming systems. Our aim is to present a territorial approach that supported a prospective analysis for the design of shared land management actions using the territory game.
- - -
Oral communication presented at the 14th conference of the European Society for Agronomy, Edinburgh 5-9 September 2016: "Growing landscapes: cultivating innovative agricultural systems"
Land cover transition and fragmentation of River Ogba catchment in Benin City...Glory Enaruvbe
This study examined variation in the intensity of land cover transition and the pattern of habitat fragmentation
of River Ogba catchment. Landsat images of 1988, 2002 and 2016 were classified into five categories: low
density urban, high density urban, mixed vegetation, agriculture and dense forest using maximum likelihood
classifier. Intensity analysis approach and landscape metrics were used to analyze the changes and fragmentation
of the land cover. Number of patches, largest patch Index, area-weighted shape index and Euclidean nearest
neighbour were computed. The results show that although mixed vegetation accounted for the largest land cover
category in 1988 and 2002, low density urban dominated the study area in 2016. Intensity analysis of land cover
change in the study area indicates a rising trend. The urban fringe is observed to be highly dynamic zone and this
is primarily driven by changes in agriculture, low density urban and mixed vegetation. The implications of rapid
land cover transition and fragmentation in River Ogba catchment, and especially in the urban fringe, include
threat to biodiversity, food supply and deteriorating environmental conditions. This study provides necessary
insights for developing sustainable strategies for urban landscape planning, administration and governance.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HOUSEHOLDS: A case of Sekondi-Takoradi, GhanaPremier Publishers
Population and waste generation is increasing exponentially in the city of Sekondi-Takoradi. The city is growing at a rate of 3.2%. A recent oil industry, booming economic activities and rural-urban drift has increased demand for housing and waste infrastructure. The resulting waste from households outstrips waste bins and collection trucks. Wastes overflows at various collection points within the metropolis. The type of waste disposed indicates that residents now consuming various sorts of packaged food items compared to the previous habits of cooking raw vegetables. The complexity of waste is becoming difficult for the existing systems to accommodate. It is seen that households rely heavily on communal collection bins to dispose their waste. More than 36% of all collection is done with communal bins, which is less efficient compared to kerbside systems. The waste is usually abrasive, with a lot of sand, silt and gravel which wears sliding parts of compaction vehicles and machines. This discourages investors from deploying kerbside compaction trucks for waste collection. The results of this research highlights several instances of uncollected waste, overflowing of bins and unsightly conditions which are threats to public health of the people of the metropolis.
Modeling the environmental impacts of landlfiling and incineration waste mana...eSAT Journals
Abstract Improper solid wastes management poses environmental risks to both humans and plants. Landfilling and Incineration are two identified prominent means of waste disposal, and they both have residual pollution impacts on the environment. This study assessed the environmental impacts of these waste disposal methods from the waste dumps of Odo-Oba, Ogo Oluwa Local Government Area, Nigeria. Field Survey, questionnaire interviews, and measurement of trace gases emitted from the dumps were carried out. Wastes were sorted, weighed and characterized. Two Scenarios of Landfilling and Incineration were formulated and the field data were modeled with GaBi6 software to determine the environmental impact of the waste. Findings show that the present method of waste management in Odo-Oba area is inadequate as there is no landfill and open burning of indiscriminate dumps is in practice. The waste generated is majorly of agricultural products of about 43% composition. Others in decreasing magnitude include nylon, metals, paper, plastic, textiles, ashes and demolition respectively. The per capita waste generation per day within the agricultural market is 0.92kg per day while that of the selected residential houses is 0.31kg per day. Wastes are usually burnt on daily basis, leading to emission of certain trace gases of which methane is of the highest concentration of 619 ppm. For landfilling model, paper contributes the highest in Global Warming Potential and Eutrophication Potential whereas biodegradable materials and plastic materials dominate in Acidification Potential and Ozone Depletion Potential respectively. Glass and metal has the least noticeable impacts. From incineration model, plastic materials contribute the highest environmental impact in Acidification Potential, Global Warming Potential and Eutrophication Potential while metals have the least influence in all cases, aside the Ozone Depletion Potential having glass materials. The landfill model thus poses lesser environmental threat and its sanitary type is therefore recommended for use in the study area. Keywords: Environmental impact indices, GaBi6 tool, Life Cycle Assessment, Landfilling, Incineration
Property Development and Land Use Planning Regulations in NigeriaIJEAB
Several land use planning regulations have been enacted in Nigeria over the years to control property development so as to ensure sustainable human environment. Despite the existence of these regulations, property development is still being carried out in ways that constitute environmental challenges in cities. With samples drawn from Abia State, this study examined the level of compliance of property development with planning regulations in Nigeria. The study was based mainly on primary data which were collected through direct observation, questionnaires, and through measurement of geometric variables of the buildings and their immediate outdoor spaces. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to proportionately select buildings and respondents that were surveyed. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, the t - test for paired samples was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Findings show that the level of compliance of buildings to planning regulations is not significant, with mean compliance rate being less than 20%. It also reveals that there is significant difference in the level of compliance to planning regulations between buildings constructed in the urban areas (with mean compliance rate of 14.5%), and those constructed in suburban/ rural areas (with mean compliance rate of 42%). Certain factors were found to be responsible for the low level of compliance among which are low level of physical planning and inadequate funding for planning authorities. The researchers therefore recommend that government should embark on the preparation of up-to-date land use plans for various towns and villages; implement the autonomy of the town planning authorities; and create the enabling environment for effective development control across the country.
Assessment of Indoor and Traffic Air Pollution in Ambo, Oromia Region, Ethiop...theijes
Air plays a vital role to support the life system of all kind of living things in the biosphere. Air is defined as the elastic, invisible and tasteless mixture of gases that surrounds the earth. Quality of air is being changed day to day, due to the natural and anthropogenic activities. The simultaneous growth of urbanization, industrialization and transportation leads to air pollution, which causes severe impact on the environment. Emissions from different sources like Point, Area and Line are considered as serious air pollutants responsible for air pollution. The atmosphere, as a matter of fact, contains hundreds of air pollutants from natural and anthropogenic sources. All such pollutants are primary pollutants. The important primary pollutants are: sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons etc. Such air pollutants are to be identified and characterized along with their sources, in order to describe the present air environment strategies in Ambo town, Ethiopia. Annual emission concentration of these pollutants is to be assessed with the consideration of total annual fuel usage in various sources and appropriate emission factors.
Kochi, the commercial capital of Kerala and the
second most important city next to Mumbai on the Western
coast of India, is a land having a wide variety of residential
environments. The present pattern of the city can be classified
as that of haphazard growth with typical problems
characteristics of unplanned urban development. This trend
can be ascribed to rapid population growth, our changing
lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards,
institutional weaknesses, improper choice of technology and
public apathy. Ecological footprint analysis (EFA) is a
quantitative tool that represents the ecological load imposed
on the earth by humans in spatial terms. This paper analyses
the scope of EFA as a sustainable environmental management
tool for Kochi City.
Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala m...Premier Publishers
The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within the landfill in space and time. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to draw conclusions. The results show that, on average, municipal solid waste composition in the municipality has been changing over time. On average 490194580 Kg of wastes are generated per month, giving a per capita generation rate of 0.54 ± 0.071 kg person-1month-1. While inert (7.4±0.8), metal (2.6 ± 0.8), glass (3.5% ± 1.3), and paper (14.5% ± 0.9) wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the dry season, plastic (16.1% ± 2.6), organic (49.8.3% ± 3.1) and special wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the rainy season. However, at α = 0.05, all waste categories resulted in P > α, with extreme critical values for the test statistic t, suggesting that waste composition do not significantly differ from season to season. Similar results were observed for the mean generation rates across the different districts.Forecasting generation rates could be important for proper planning of operations related to solid waste management.
Solid Waste Management: Recovery, Reuse and Recycling in Sekondi-Takoradi Met...Premier Publishers
In many developing countries, the resource potential of solid waste is not harnessed. However, it is known that recovery of solid waste for reuse and recycling can greatly reduce the pressure on meager waste management infrastructure. The focus of this research was to gather information which could be used to increase and expand the rate of material recovery from solid waste generated in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis of Ghana. This paper therefore presents a broad understanding of the key waste management processes, especially those related to recovery, reuse and recycling of solid waste. A detailed analysis of waste generation, recovery, reuse and recycling was done. The informal recycling market in Sekondi-Takoradi was also captured. Based on the findings of the research, it is possible to design waste recovery strategy for higher income and middle income communities where greater volumes of dry recyclable waste fractions are generated.
Use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste and Lime in Local Subgrade Soil Stabilizat...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increased human activity and urban agglomeration have, of late added critical dimensions to environmental planning and solid waste management. The present day conventional practices of on-site-land disposal method of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are creating environmental pollution and health hazards. MSW generated from the house holds of Warangal city in the burnt form is taken for demonstration and investigative study for its use in stabilization of local subgrade soils. A comprehensive data collection through primary house-hold survey using a structured questionnaire is conducted on residential waste, collection, transportation, disposal for its quantification and characterization. Waste samples were collected from the disposal site and is analyzed for their engineering properties in un-burnt and burnt forms. Sub grade soil samples from a rural area near Chintagattu village in Warangal District of Telangana State in India were collected and are examined for its compaction characteristics, CBR value and strength characteristics. Laboratory experimental investigations are carried for the use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste (BMSW) in local subgrade soil stabilization in presence of lime. Optimum percentage of lime is arrived at based on un confined compressive strength(UCS) and CBR value criteria. Experimental, investigations are carried on local subgrade soil, soil-lime mix and soli-lime- BMSW mix for assessing the engineering properties and their use in construction of secondary roads. Experimental investigation results are encouraging and revealed that local soils can be stabilized by using BMSW ash (20%) in presence of lime(4%) for the significant improvement in strength and reduction in pavement overlay thickness up to 30%.
We briefly present the current state of municipal solid waste management in China, the trends, and the challenges encountered in solving the issue of increasing waste production in urban area.
Enabling Conditions to Implement the 2018 Forest Proclamation to Facilitate F...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Habtemariam Kassa on April 5, 2019 at Workshop in Ethiopia ("Forests and climate change: research results and implications for REDD+ and forest governance in Ethiopia")
Farmers manage large areas of landscapes that are altogether designed by heterogeneous actors. Conflicts may eventually arise in complex regions like the Mediterranean where the urban and agricultural actors’ spaces for action easily overlap and concur for the use and management of soil and water. A territorial or landscape perspective is therefore required to inform the design of land management systems capable to meet the place-based development goals. A greater involvement of agronomy in the landscape arena would help to design landscape management policies that are better informed of farming systems. Our aim is to present a territorial approach that supported a prospective analysis for the design of shared land management actions using the territory game.
- - -
Oral communication presented at the 14th conference of the European Society for Agronomy, Edinburgh 5-9 September 2016: "Growing landscapes: cultivating innovative agricultural systems"
Land cover transition and fragmentation of River Ogba catchment in Benin City...Glory Enaruvbe
This study examined variation in the intensity of land cover transition and the pattern of habitat fragmentation
of River Ogba catchment. Landsat images of 1988, 2002 and 2016 were classified into five categories: low
density urban, high density urban, mixed vegetation, agriculture and dense forest using maximum likelihood
classifier. Intensity analysis approach and landscape metrics were used to analyze the changes and fragmentation
of the land cover. Number of patches, largest patch Index, area-weighted shape index and Euclidean nearest
neighbour were computed. The results show that although mixed vegetation accounted for the largest land cover
category in 1988 and 2002, low density urban dominated the study area in 2016. Intensity analysis of land cover
change in the study area indicates a rising trend. The urban fringe is observed to be highly dynamic zone and this
is primarily driven by changes in agriculture, low density urban and mixed vegetation. The implications of rapid
land cover transition and fragmentation in River Ogba catchment, and especially in the urban fringe, include
threat to biodiversity, food supply and deteriorating environmental conditions. This study provides necessary
insights for developing sustainable strategies for urban landscape planning, administration and governance.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HOUSEHOLDS: A case of Sekondi-Takoradi, GhanaPremier Publishers
Population and waste generation is increasing exponentially in the city of Sekondi-Takoradi. The city is growing at a rate of 3.2%. A recent oil industry, booming economic activities and rural-urban drift has increased demand for housing and waste infrastructure. The resulting waste from households outstrips waste bins and collection trucks. Wastes overflows at various collection points within the metropolis. The type of waste disposed indicates that residents now consuming various sorts of packaged food items compared to the previous habits of cooking raw vegetables. The complexity of waste is becoming difficult for the existing systems to accommodate. It is seen that households rely heavily on communal collection bins to dispose their waste. More than 36% of all collection is done with communal bins, which is less efficient compared to kerbside systems. The waste is usually abrasive, with a lot of sand, silt and gravel which wears sliding parts of compaction vehicles and machines. This discourages investors from deploying kerbside compaction trucks for waste collection. The results of this research highlights several instances of uncollected waste, overflowing of bins and unsightly conditions which are threats to public health of the people of the metropolis.
Flood Vulnerability Study in Parts of Oyo Township Using GIS and Remote Sensingpaperpublications3
Abstract: Flooding has been a major environmental disaster frequently occurring in the cities of Tropical African countries differing solutions because of human dimension difficulty to be modelled. The analysis of flood events, the resulting damage and its causes are basis for the development of risk prevention and mitigation measures. The aim of this research is to empirically investigate the vulnerability towards flood in parts of Oyo Township as one component of flood risk assessment with the integration of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing to investigate the contravention level of people in a rapidly urbanizing settlement of Oyo Township to building ethics and rules, which is a tool for rational decision making. It is therefore revealed that the methodology adopted produced and classified buildings in the study area according to their vulnerability levels to flood and the results are presented in maps. The generation of vulnerability maps representing the two different perspectives of local decision makers (experts) and affected households is discussed using the methodology.
Forms of Water Supply, Conservation and use in Banigbe District, Municipality...IJAEMSJORNAL
Rural populations in underdeveloped countries like Benin have difficult access to safe drinking water. This research aims to study the forms of water supply, conservation and use in Banigbé district. The methodological approach revolves around data collection through documentary research; data processing and results analysis. It appears that 88.75% of the 80 households selected for the survey in Banigbé, use at-risk sources (rivers; Private PEA; traditional wells). Only 11.25% have access to water from conventional sources such as the National Water Society of Benin (SONEB) and the Drilling of Human Motric Pumps (FPM). 88.75% of those selected for the survey also said that they do not treat drinking water at any source. It is therefore necessary to improve the quality of the water to which the populations of Banigbé have access to, and this through the disinfection of water from at risk sources and the proliferation of village hydraulic equipment in the district of Banigbé.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Assessment of landfill sites for solid waste management in Delta state, NigeriaPremier Publishers
Landfills remains an important component in waste management as it deals with municipal solid waste directly and complements alternative waste management technologies, which in themselves give rise to residues that require disposal ultimately via landfill. As an assessment study, the work was carried out by visitation to existing dumpsites to obtain needed data and information through the instrumentation of a checklist, interviews, questionnaire and focus group discussions. Stratified random sampling was also used to provide appropriate representation of the societal classes in the population across the 25 Local Government Areas in the State. Results showed that most solid waste collected are deposited in open dumpsites/ landfills on the outskirts of urban areas thereby forming breeding sites for disease vectors and polluting the environment and plausible recommendations for improved waste and environmental management in the State.
EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS & ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY POTENTIAL OF GENERATED SOL...IAEME Publication
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is a complex and multivariate statistical method usually employed in psychology, health related professions and more recently in information system was adopted in this study. It makes use of correlation matrix to determine the relationship between variables. Data used for this study involves both primary and secondary. The collected data were mainly on the physical component of the generated solid waste from six (6) geopolitical zones within Nigeria (the study area). Also, proximate and ultimate analyses were used to obtain the energy potential of generated solid waste from the six (6) zones. The results from the analyses using EFA and Proximate & Ultimate Analyses for energy potential proved that one could make energy potential projections using data from about four geopolitical zones (North-Central, South-Southern, South-Western and South-Eastern) or three geopolitical zones (South-Southern, South-Western and South-Eastern) and achieve about 98% high decision precision without losing much of the relevant details.
Solid Waste Disposal Attitude in Sango Ota, Ogun State: Implication for Susta...Premier Publishers
Solid waste disposal attitude is multidimensional and a complex issue that is prominent in urban areas. It is a global phenomenon confronting both developed and developing countries Sango Ota in Ogun State Nigeria has become an industrial region that attracts other activities and increases in population responsible for high volume of solid waste generation. In this paper, the current disposal means, waste collection method, resident attitude role of government in recent time will be achieved through the use of a questionnaire. Congestion, environmental pollution and health hazard was found to be the significant consequence of improper solid waste disposal with high Wald value and sig. value<0.05 level of significance. Majority of the respondents who chose burning, roadside dumping and flood/canal dumping were of the opinion that payment for either government/private waste collection in their area is expensive (51.1%) compared to other means of disposal. The implication of the findings for waste disposal attitude in achieving sustainable city development in Nigeria tackling solid waste problem in urban cities through public awareness, attitudinal change in achieving waste reduction, provision of collection point within neighbourhood and provision of accessibility to each dwelling with adequate drainage system.
Similar to Application of Geospatial Technique in Selection of Suitable Solid Waste Dumpsites in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.