This document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat neurological and psychiatric conditions. It describes neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA, and enkephalins. It then outlines various antiparkinson, antipsychotic, antidepressant, anti-manic, and anti-anxiety drugs, noting their therapeutic effects, side effects, contraindications, and nursing implications for administration. The document provides a comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatments across several categories of neurological and mental health disorders.

1. NEUROTRANSMITTERS:
A. MONOAMINES: DOPAMINE, NOREPINEPHRINE, SEROTONIN
B. CHOLINERGIC: ACETYLCHOLINE
C. AMINOACIDS: GAMMA- AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ( GABA)
D. PEPTIDES: ENKEPHALINS

2. ANTI-PARKINSON DRUGS
 DOPAMINERGIC:
 A. DOPAMINE PRECURSOR: LEVODOPA
 B. DOPAMINE RELEASER : AMANTIDINE
 C. DOPAMINE RECEPTOR AGONIST: BROMOCRIPTINE
 D. DOPAMINE METABOLISM INHIBITOR: SELEGILINE
 SIDE-EFFECTS = CONFUSION, HALLUCINATION, DELUSIONS
 DEPRESSION, AGITATION, ANXIETY
 ANTI-CHOLINERGIC :
 A. TRIHEXYPHENIDYL ( ARTANE )
 B. BENZTROPINE ( COGENTIN )
 C. DIPHENHYDRAMINE ( BENADRYL )
 SIDE-EFFECTS = DRY MOUTH, NASAL CONGESTION, SEDATION,
 URINARY RETENTION, MYDRIASIS, BLURRED
 VISION, TARDIVE DYSKINESIA, SEIZURES

3. ANTI-PSYCHOTIC DRUGS
 A. HALOPERIDOL
 B. LOXAPINE
 C. CHLORPROMAZINE
 D. THIORIDAZINE
 E. CLOZAPINE
 F. RESPERIDONE
 SIDE-EFFECTS : DRY MOUTH, CONSTIPATION, URTICARIA, SEIZURES
 HYPERGLYCEMIA, GYNECOMASTIA, IMPAIRED EJA-
 -CULATION, PHOTOPHOBIA, LOW WBC, SEDATION
 TARDIVE DYSKINESIA ( ABNORMAL MOV’T ),
 DYSTONIA ( SUDDEN SPASM )
 NURSING IMPLICATIONS: GIVE 1-2 HRS BEFORE BED TIME
 MIX WITH 60 ML JUICE
 AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN
 DO NOT GIVE SC; GIVE IM ( Z - TRACT )

4. ANTI-DEPRESSANT DRUGS
 1. TRICYCLIC ANTI-DEPRESSANTS ( TCA)
 AMITRIPTYLINE ( ELAVIL )
 IMIPRAMINE ( TOFRANIL )
 DOXEPIN ( SINEQUAN )
 2. SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS ( SSRI )
 FLUOXETINE ( PROZAC )
 FLUVOXAMINE ( LUVOX )
 3. MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS ( MAOI )
 PHENELZINE
 TRANYLCYPROMINE

5. ANTI-DEPRESSANT DRUGS
 THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS:
 IMPROVES THE MOOD
 SIDE EFFECTS :
 ANTI-CHOLINERGIC EFFECTS
 SEDATION
 CONFUSION
 DELIRIUM
 CONTRAINDICATION:
 BREASTFEEDING& PREGNANCY, HEART & KIDNEY
 DISEASE, ASTHMA, EPILEPSY, SCHIZOPHRENIA

6. MAOI
 FOODS TO AVOID:
 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE
 DAIRY PRODUCTS = CHEESE & YOGURT
 FRUITS & VEGETABLES= AVOCADOS & BANANAS
 MEATS = LIVER, FISH, SALAMI, SAUSAGE
 COFFEE, SODA, TEA ( LARGE AMOUNTS )
 CHOCOLATE
 SOY SAUCE
 SAUERKKRAUT

7. ANTI-MANIC DRUGS
 LITHIUM : ( .5-1 Meq/ L) , ( 1.5 IS OVERDOSE )
 SIDE EFFECTS: DIARRHEA, VOMITING, DROWSINESS
 MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, ATAXIA
 INTERVENTION= LAVAGE, DIALYSIS
 AVOID: BREAST FEEDING & KIDNEY DISEASE
 OTHER DRUGS : ( ANTI-CONVULSANT )
 CARBAMAZEPINE
 VALPROIC ACID

8. ANTI-ANXIETY DRUGS
 EFFECTS : CNS DEPRESSANT
 BENZODIAZEPINES : DIAZEPAM ( VALIUM )
 ALPRAZOLAM
 LORAZEPAM
 BUSPIRONE
 = USE ONLY FOR SHORT TIME : 1-2 WKS
 = SHOULD NOT BE WITHDRAWN ABRUPTLY
 = LOWER DOSE FOR ELDERLY
 = METABOLIZED IN THE LIVER
 = SIDE EFFECTS : DIZZINESS & SEDATION, HYPOTENSION
 = CONTRAINDICATION: PREGNANCY & LACTATION
 LIVER & KIDNEY DISEASE


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