This document provides information on common conditions affecting the nervous system and medications used to treat them. It discusses the anatomy and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It then summarizes various neurological and psychiatric conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, pain, insomnia, psychosis, and others. For each condition, it lists common medications used for treatment and their potential side effects and nursing considerations. The document aims to educate medication aides on neurological disorders and corresponding pharmacologic therapies.
This document discusses several categories of medications used to treat conditions of the eyes, ears, nose, urinary system, reproductive system, and infections. It provides examples of common medications for each category and describes their uses, side effects, and nursing considerations. Some key points are that eye drops require specific techniques for administration and different classes have standardized bottle colors; urinary medications may cause discoloration; and antibiotics are used to treat common infections like UTIs, STDs, and ear/eye infections.
certified medication aide class for nurse aides to administer non-parenteral medication in long term care facilities. Hawkeye Community College Community Education in Waterloo, Iowa.
This document provides information on various types of medications used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, infections, and electrolyte imbalances. It discusses analgesics, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, antispasmodics, anti-gout medications, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements. For each type of medication, common uses, side effects, and nursing considerations are outlined. Examples of specific medications within each class are also provided.
This document provides an overview of anti-diabetic drugs presented by Sadia Unnisa. It begins with an introduction to diabetes mellitus and classifications of anti-diabetic drugs. The main types discussed are insulin, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors. For each drug class, the document covers mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, interactions and adverse effects. Storage and delivery methods of insulin are also reviewed.
Pharmacology of General anaesthetic drugs.Manoj Kumar
This document discusses preanesthetic medication and general anesthesia. Preanesthetic medication is used prior to anesthesia to relieve anxiety, cause amnesia, provide analgesia, decrease secretions, and have antiemetic effects. Common preanesthetic medications include sedatives, anticholinergics, antacids, antiemetics, and opioids. The document then discusses the stages of general anesthesia from analgesia to respiratory paralysis. Various inhalation and intravenous anesthetic agents are described along with their advantages and disadvantages. Complications that can occur during and after anesthesia are also outlined.
This document provides information on various topics related to drug administration including:
1. It defines generic and trade drug names and how drugs are classified based on body system, use, action, prescription status, and legality.
2. It describes how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted by the body and factors that can influence these processes.
3. It explains key terms like side effects, adverse drug reactions, allergic reactions, and idiosyncratic reactions.
4. It identifies various reference sources that can provide drug information and lists components of a drug order, prescription label, and medical record related to documenting drug administration.
This document provides information on several medications and conditions related to the cardiovascular system. It discusses drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arrhythmias, angina, and blood thinners/clotting factors. For each drug class, common medications are listed along with typical side effects and nursing considerations. It also defines several related medical conditions such as coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, thrombosis, and congestive heart failure.
This document discusses several categories of medications used to treat conditions of the eyes, ears, nose, urinary system, reproductive system, and infections. It provides examples of common medications for each category and describes their uses, side effects, and nursing considerations. Some key points are that eye drops require specific techniques for administration and different classes have standardized bottle colors; urinary medications may cause discoloration; and antibiotics are used to treat common infections like UTIs, STDs, and ear/eye infections.
certified medication aide class for nurse aides to administer non-parenteral medication in long term care facilities. Hawkeye Community College Community Education in Waterloo, Iowa.
This document provides information on various types of medications used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, infections, and electrolyte imbalances. It discusses analgesics, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, antispasmodics, anti-gout medications, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements. For each type of medication, common uses, side effects, and nursing considerations are outlined. Examples of specific medications within each class are also provided.
This document provides an overview of anti-diabetic drugs presented by Sadia Unnisa. It begins with an introduction to diabetes mellitus and classifications of anti-diabetic drugs. The main types discussed are insulin, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors. For each drug class, the document covers mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, interactions and adverse effects. Storage and delivery methods of insulin are also reviewed.
Pharmacology of General anaesthetic drugs.Manoj Kumar
This document discusses preanesthetic medication and general anesthesia. Preanesthetic medication is used prior to anesthesia to relieve anxiety, cause amnesia, provide analgesia, decrease secretions, and have antiemetic effects. Common preanesthetic medications include sedatives, anticholinergics, antacids, antiemetics, and opioids. The document then discusses the stages of general anesthesia from analgesia to respiratory paralysis. Various inhalation and intravenous anesthetic agents are described along with their advantages and disadvantages. Complications that can occur during and after anesthesia are also outlined.
This document provides information on various topics related to drug administration including:
1. It defines generic and trade drug names and how drugs are classified based on body system, use, action, prescription status, and legality.
2. It describes how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted by the body and factors that can influence these processes.
3. It explains key terms like side effects, adverse drug reactions, allergic reactions, and idiosyncratic reactions.
4. It identifies various reference sources that can provide drug information and lists components of a drug order, prescription label, and medical record related to documenting drug administration.
This document provides information on several medications and conditions related to the cardiovascular system. It discusses drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arrhythmias, angina, and blood thinners/clotting factors. For each drug class, common medications are listed along with typical side effects and nursing considerations. It also defines several related medical conditions such as coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, thrombosis, and congestive heart failure.
This document provides information about the Management Excellence Certificate Program offered by the University of Northern Iowa's Executive Development Center. The program consists of 10 classes held over 4 months to help participants develop skills in areas critical for managers such as managing conflict, making decisions, and effective communication. Some of the specific skills taught include diagnosing business problems, conducting difficult conversations, building effective teams, ethical decision making, negotiation, and persuasive communication. The program aims to equip managers with the tools needed to tackle difficult tasks and resolve common issues they face.
This document outlines guidelines for administering various types of oral, topical, inhaled, and rectal/vaginal medications. It describes different drug forms like tablets, liquids, creams and patches. It provides instructions on using measuring devices, giving oral medications, applying topical drugs, administering eye/ear drops and nasal sprays, and inserting suppositories. The document emphasizes best practices like proper positioning, hygiene, and monitoring the person after administration.
This document provides an overview of the Medication Aide certification course. It discusses that the course is intended to prepare individuals to safely administer non-parenteral medications in nursing facilities and related areas. It outlines the course requirements including prerequisites, competencies covered, testing and clinical hours. The document also reviews the roles and responsibilities of medication aides, relevant terminology, regulatory agencies, and important concepts like professional boundaries, rights of residents and the 6 rights of medication administration.
The document discusses medication administration and errors. It outlines the objectives of reviewing safe medication administration practices. It identifies some of the major causes of medication errors including failure to identify patients properly and lack of information. It discusses critical thinking skills needed to prevent errors. It also outlines special considerations for administering medications to elderly patients and discusses various routes of medication administration.
The document provides guidance on making both occupied and unoccupied beds in a healthcare setting. It outlines key principles such as preventing cross-infection, ensuring client safety and comfort, and using proper body mechanics. Specific steps are described for tasks like replacing linens, tucking in sheets with mitred corners, and making adjustments when the bed is occupied to avoid exposing or disturbing the client.
This document provides guidelines for making both occupied and unoccupied beds. It discusses the types and purposes of bed making, planning and safety considerations, required supplies and equipment, step-by-step procedures for making both occupied and unoccupied beds, and the importance of evaluation and documentation after bed making is completed. The overall goal is to provide patients with clean, comfortable beds that minimize risks of infection and skin irritation.
This document provides information on basic nursing skills including taking vital signs, measuring height and weight, and recording intake and output. It covers how to measure and document temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. Safety considerations and normal ranges for vital signs are discussed. Proper techniques for using various types of thermometers and sphygmomanometers are outlined. The importance of accurately measuring and documenting height, weight, fluid intake, and output is also summarized.
Fundamental of nursing procedure mannualNursing Path
This document provides instructions for various nursing procedures including bed making, vital signs, wound care, tube feedings, and medication administration. It includes detailed steps for making different types of beds, such as unoccupied beds, occupied beds, and postoperative beds. Other sections cover procedures like taking temperatures, blood pressures, oral care and bathing. The document aims to be a comprehensive manual of fundamental nursing skills and their proper techniques.
The document discusses various types of anxiety disorders and medications used to treat anxiety. It defines anxiety and lists common types including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It then covers different classes of antianxiety medications like benzodiazepines, their mechanisms of action, indications for use, dosages, side effects and nursing considerations. Specific drugs discussed include diazepam, alprazolam, clorazepate, and their profiles.
This document discusses seizure disorders and epilepsy. It begins by differentiating between types of seizures, such as partial and generalized seizures. Diagnostic tests for seizures are outlined, along with the assessment and management of seizures. Various anti-seizure medications are discussed, along with goals of drug therapy and patient education. Nursing priorities for patients with seizures include maintaining a patent airway, providing oxygenation, obtaining vascular access, using seizure precautions, administering appropriate medications, and assessing therapeutic drug levels.
This document discusses delirium and dementia. It defines delirium as a sudden onset of mental confusion that results in decreased awareness and confused thinking. Symptoms include inability to focus, poor memory, disturbed sleep, and restlessness. Delirium is often caused by infection, medication, or underlying medical conditions. Dementia is defined as a gradual decline in mental abilities severe enough to impair daily life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. The document outlines risk factors, symptoms, reversible and irreversible causes, treatments including medications, and the role of psychologists in caring for patients and families. It distinguishes delirium from dementia based on onset, fluctuation of symptoms, and level of alertness and cognition throughout the day.
Emergency medications are used to treat life-threatening conditions and save patients' lives. They work by controlling symptoms, normalizing vital functions, and diverting patients from risks. Common categories include anti-cholinergics, inotropic agents, muscle relaxants, diuretics, anti-epileptics, neuroleptics, anti-asthmatics, corticosteroids, local anesthetics, sedatives and induction agents, opioid analgesics, anti-emetics, anti-hypertensives, anti-arrhythmics, intravenous fluids, and tetanus prophylaxis. As an emergency nurse, it is important to be familiar with these medications and their uses, dosages
Anticholinergic drugs, also known as parasympatholytics or antimuscarinics, work by competitively blocking acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. This results in effects such as decreased secretions, relaxed smooth muscles, dilated pupils, and increased heart rate. Common uses include treating asthma, COPD, peptic ulcers, overactive bladder, and Parkinson's disease. Side effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and CNS effects like agitation. Atropine is the prototype drug and physostigmine is used as an antidote for anticholinergic overdose.
Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the actions of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. They are competitive antagonists that bind to muscarinic receptors, reversibly blocking acetylcholine transmission. Atropine is a prototypical anticholinergic derived from deadly nightshade. It causes dilation of the pupils, increased heart rate, decreased secretions, and relaxed smooth muscles. Anticholinergics are used to treat Parkinson's disease, motion sickness, asthma, peptic ulcers, overactive bladder, and other conditions. Side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and excitement or delirium in overdose.
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction with
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction.
The document discusses Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive nervous system disorder that causes movement-related issues like tremors and stiffness. It begins by introducing PD and its common symptoms. It then discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis, treatment options including medications and surgery, nursing management considerations, and potential nursing diagnoses for patients with PD. The main points are that PD is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms, and is typically treated through dopamine replacement therapies like levodopa although surgery may be an option in some cases. Nursing care involves monitoring symptoms and functioning, educating on treatments and self-care, and addressing issues like impaired mobility and communication
This document discusses different types of analgesics including non-narcotic analgesics like aspirin and acetaminophen, narcotic analgesics like morphine, and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It provides details on their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, dosages, and side effects. Major analgesics covered include aspirin, acetaminophen, morphine, codeine, pethidine, indomethacin, and prednisolone. The document emphasizes that analgesics relieve pain through different mechanisms while some like narcotics can cause dependence and addiction with prolonged use.
This document provides an overview of central vestibular disorders. It discusses how the vestibular system senses head motion and distributes signals to control eye movements, posture, and balance. Central vestibular disorders can cause pathological sensations of self-motion and conflicts between visual and vestibular inputs. Common causes include vascular issues like strokes, inflammation, tumors, inherited conditions, and migraines. Central vestigular disorders are challenging to diagnose but it is important to differentiate them from peripheral disorders due to their potential medical urgency and risk of long-term neurological effects.
Chronic daily headache is a debilitating condition affecting millions in the US. It involves headaches occurring more than 15 days per month for over 3 months. The document discusses the diagnosis and management of chronic daily headache. Key points include distinguishing between primary headache disorders like migraine from secondary disorders caused by other conditions. Treatment involves identifying medication overuse, treating any comorbid conditions, using preventive medications, and limiting the use of rescue medications to no more than 2 times per week to prevent rebound headaches.
Anticholinergic drugs work by competitively blocking acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. They inhibit nerve transmission at muscarinic receptors. Atropine is a prototypical anticholinergic that causes dilation of the pupils, decreased secretions, and tachycardia. Anticholinergics have therapeutic uses for conditions like asthma, COPD, Parkinson's disease, peptic ulcers, and overactive bladder. However, they can cause adverse effects like dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and CNS effects like agitation. Individual drugs have specific indications and contraindications must be considered like glaucoma and prostate issues.
This document provides information about the Management Excellence Certificate Program offered by the University of Northern Iowa's Executive Development Center. The program consists of 10 classes held over 4 months to help participants develop skills in areas critical for managers such as managing conflict, making decisions, and effective communication. Some of the specific skills taught include diagnosing business problems, conducting difficult conversations, building effective teams, ethical decision making, negotiation, and persuasive communication. The program aims to equip managers with the tools needed to tackle difficult tasks and resolve common issues they face.
This document outlines guidelines for administering various types of oral, topical, inhaled, and rectal/vaginal medications. It describes different drug forms like tablets, liquids, creams and patches. It provides instructions on using measuring devices, giving oral medications, applying topical drugs, administering eye/ear drops and nasal sprays, and inserting suppositories. The document emphasizes best practices like proper positioning, hygiene, and monitoring the person after administration.
This document provides an overview of the Medication Aide certification course. It discusses that the course is intended to prepare individuals to safely administer non-parenteral medications in nursing facilities and related areas. It outlines the course requirements including prerequisites, competencies covered, testing and clinical hours. The document also reviews the roles and responsibilities of medication aides, relevant terminology, regulatory agencies, and important concepts like professional boundaries, rights of residents and the 6 rights of medication administration.
The document discusses medication administration and errors. It outlines the objectives of reviewing safe medication administration practices. It identifies some of the major causes of medication errors including failure to identify patients properly and lack of information. It discusses critical thinking skills needed to prevent errors. It also outlines special considerations for administering medications to elderly patients and discusses various routes of medication administration.
The document provides guidance on making both occupied and unoccupied beds in a healthcare setting. It outlines key principles such as preventing cross-infection, ensuring client safety and comfort, and using proper body mechanics. Specific steps are described for tasks like replacing linens, tucking in sheets with mitred corners, and making adjustments when the bed is occupied to avoid exposing or disturbing the client.
This document provides guidelines for making both occupied and unoccupied beds. It discusses the types and purposes of bed making, planning and safety considerations, required supplies and equipment, step-by-step procedures for making both occupied and unoccupied beds, and the importance of evaluation and documentation after bed making is completed. The overall goal is to provide patients with clean, comfortable beds that minimize risks of infection and skin irritation.
This document provides information on basic nursing skills including taking vital signs, measuring height and weight, and recording intake and output. It covers how to measure and document temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. Safety considerations and normal ranges for vital signs are discussed. Proper techniques for using various types of thermometers and sphygmomanometers are outlined. The importance of accurately measuring and documenting height, weight, fluid intake, and output is also summarized.
Fundamental of nursing procedure mannualNursing Path
This document provides instructions for various nursing procedures including bed making, vital signs, wound care, tube feedings, and medication administration. It includes detailed steps for making different types of beds, such as unoccupied beds, occupied beds, and postoperative beds. Other sections cover procedures like taking temperatures, blood pressures, oral care and bathing. The document aims to be a comprehensive manual of fundamental nursing skills and their proper techniques.
The document discusses various types of anxiety disorders and medications used to treat anxiety. It defines anxiety and lists common types including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It then covers different classes of antianxiety medications like benzodiazepines, their mechanisms of action, indications for use, dosages, side effects and nursing considerations. Specific drugs discussed include diazepam, alprazolam, clorazepate, and their profiles.
This document discusses seizure disorders and epilepsy. It begins by differentiating between types of seizures, such as partial and generalized seizures. Diagnostic tests for seizures are outlined, along with the assessment and management of seizures. Various anti-seizure medications are discussed, along with goals of drug therapy and patient education. Nursing priorities for patients with seizures include maintaining a patent airway, providing oxygenation, obtaining vascular access, using seizure precautions, administering appropriate medications, and assessing therapeutic drug levels.
This document discusses delirium and dementia. It defines delirium as a sudden onset of mental confusion that results in decreased awareness and confused thinking. Symptoms include inability to focus, poor memory, disturbed sleep, and restlessness. Delirium is often caused by infection, medication, or underlying medical conditions. Dementia is defined as a gradual decline in mental abilities severe enough to impair daily life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. The document outlines risk factors, symptoms, reversible and irreversible causes, treatments including medications, and the role of psychologists in caring for patients and families. It distinguishes delirium from dementia based on onset, fluctuation of symptoms, and level of alertness and cognition throughout the day.
Emergency medications are used to treat life-threatening conditions and save patients' lives. They work by controlling symptoms, normalizing vital functions, and diverting patients from risks. Common categories include anti-cholinergics, inotropic agents, muscle relaxants, diuretics, anti-epileptics, neuroleptics, anti-asthmatics, corticosteroids, local anesthetics, sedatives and induction agents, opioid analgesics, anti-emetics, anti-hypertensives, anti-arrhythmics, intravenous fluids, and tetanus prophylaxis. As an emergency nurse, it is important to be familiar with these medications and their uses, dosages
Anticholinergic drugs, also known as parasympatholytics or antimuscarinics, work by competitively blocking acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. This results in effects such as decreased secretions, relaxed smooth muscles, dilated pupils, and increased heart rate. Common uses include treating asthma, COPD, peptic ulcers, overactive bladder, and Parkinson's disease. Side effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and CNS effects like agitation. Atropine is the prototype drug and physostigmine is used as an antidote for anticholinergic overdose.
Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the actions of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. They are competitive antagonists that bind to muscarinic receptors, reversibly blocking acetylcholine transmission. Atropine is a prototypical anticholinergic derived from deadly nightshade. It causes dilation of the pupils, increased heart rate, decreased secretions, and relaxed smooth muscles. Anticholinergics are used to treat Parkinson's disease, motion sickness, asthma, peptic ulcers, overactive bladder, and other conditions. Side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and excitement or delirium in overdose.
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction with
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction.
The document discusses Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive nervous system disorder that causes movement-related issues like tremors and stiffness. It begins by introducing PD and its common symptoms. It then discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis, treatment options including medications and surgery, nursing management considerations, and potential nursing diagnoses for patients with PD. The main points are that PD is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms, and is typically treated through dopamine replacement therapies like levodopa although surgery may be an option in some cases. Nursing care involves monitoring symptoms and functioning, educating on treatments and self-care, and addressing issues like impaired mobility and communication
This document discusses different types of analgesics including non-narcotic analgesics like aspirin and acetaminophen, narcotic analgesics like morphine, and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It provides details on their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, dosages, and side effects. Major analgesics covered include aspirin, acetaminophen, morphine, codeine, pethidine, indomethacin, and prednisolone. The document emphasizes that analgesics relieve pain through different mechanisms while some like narcotics can cause dependence and addiction with prolonged use.
This document provides an overview of central vestibular disorders. It discusses how the vestibular system senses head motion and distributes signals to control eye movements, posture, and balance. Central vestibular disorders can cause pathological sensations of self-motion and conflicts between visual and vestibular inputs. Common causes include vascular issues like strokes, inflammation, tumors, inherited conditions, and migraines. Central vestigular disorders are challenging to diagnose but it is important to differentiate them from peripheral disorders due to their potential medical urgency and risk of long-term neurological effects.
Chronic daily headache is a debilitating condition affecting millions in the US. It involves headaches occurring more than 15 days per month for over 3 months. The document discusses the diagnosis and management of chronic daily headache. Key points include distinguishing between primary headache disorders like migraine from secondary disorders caused by other conditions. Treatment involves identifying medication overuse, treating any comorbid conditions, using preventive medications, and limiting the use of rescue medications to no more than 2 times per week to prevent rebound headaches.
Anticholinergic drugs work by competitively blocking acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. They inhibit nerve transmission at muscarinic receptors. Atropine is a prototypical anticholinergic that causes dilation of the pupils, decreased secretions, and tachycardia. Anticholinergics have therapeutic uses for conditions like asthma, COPD, Parkinson's disease, peptic ulcers, and overactive bladder. However, they can cause adverse effects like dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and CNS effects like agitation. Individual drugs have specific indications and contraindications must be considered like glaucoma and prostate issues.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline, it is the most common cause of dementia among older adults but is not a normal part of aging. Risk factors for Alzheimer's include age, family history of the disease, gender, Down syndrome, head injuries, and cardiovascular and metabolic conditions like diabetes. While there is no cure, medications and lifestyle changes can help treat symptoms and delay cognitive decline in the early and middle stages of the disease.
Sedatives & Hypnotics by Dr. Nadeem KoraiNadeemkorai
This document summarizes various sedative and hypnotic drugs including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and miscellaneous agents. It describes their mechanism of action as enhancing GABA activity, pharmacological effects including sedation, hypnosis and anesthesia, clinical uses for anxiety, insomnia and seizures, and adverse effects like dependence. It also provides details on specific drugs like diazepam, midazolam, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, buspirone, and zolpidem.
Describes about the major neurodegenerative disorders such as Dementia,Alzhimers disease,Parkinsons disease,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,etc.Their causes,symptoms and preventative measures.
The document discusses the parasympathetic nervous system and cholinergic drugs. It describes how the parasympathetic nervous system works to rest and digest functions like decreasing heart rate and increasing GI motility. It then explains cholinergic drugs, which mimic acetylcholine, as either direct acting agonists that bind receptors or indirect acting drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Side effects result from overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system and can include things like increased secretions, bronchospasm, and bradycardia.
Seizures and epilepsy are caused by abnormal neuronal activity in the brain due to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition. Seizures can be focal, originating in one area of the brain, or generalized, involving both sides of the brain. Focal seizures may or may not impair consciousness, while generalized seizures include tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, and atonic types. Investigations help determine the type and cause of seizures, while treatment involves lifestyle changes, anti-seizure medications, or surgery to reduce seizures. Status epilepticus is a medical emergency requiring rapid treatment to prevent complications.
This document provides information about various sleep disorders. It begins with definitions and descriptions of normal sleep stages. It then discusses specific sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome and circadian rhythm disorders. Diagnosis involves questionnaires, sleep diaries and polysomnography. Treatment depends on the disorder but may include lifestyle changes, medications, therapies and surgery. Sleep disorders can negatively impact quality of life so proper diagnosis and management is important.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
3. CONT.
• Consists of the central nervous system
• Brain & spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system
• Nerves throughout the body
• Nerves carry messages to/from the brain
• Nerves connect to the spinal cord-are easily damaged & take a long time
to heal
• Some have a protective covering(myelin sheath) that protects & insulates-
causes impulses to travel faster
• Central nervous system-brain is protected by the skull
• The 3 main parts
• Cerebrum-the outside is called the cerebral cortex & controls the highest
functions of the brain-center of thought & intelligence
• Cerebellum-regulates & co-ordinates body movements-balance &
smooth movement of the muscles
• Brainstem-connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord-it controls vital
functioning of the organs such as breathing, heart rate, blood vessel size,
swallowing, coughing & vomiting
4. DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• They maintain a constant internal environment &
responds to emergencies
• Most organs have both adrenergic(excite or
increase ht. rate) & cholinergic(slows the ht. rate)
5. BETA BLOCKERS
• Used after a MI-use with caution with respiratory
diseases as can cause severe broncho-constriction
• Onset is fairly rapid though takes several
days/weeks to stabilize(must be DC’d slowly)
• Examples Side Effects
• Tenorrmin SOB
• Coreg Low BP
• Lopressor Low BS’s if Diabetic
• TopralXL Slow Pulse
• Inderal Peripheral constriction(skin
• becomes purple & mottled)
6. CHOLINERGIC AGENTS
• Slows the heart beat
• Increases GI motility & secretion
• Increases bladder contractions
• Increases smooth muscle contractions of the resp.
system
• Causes the pupil to contract which decreases
intraocular pressure & increases skeletal muscle
contraction
• Used to treat myasthenia gravis
12. BARBITURATES
• Depresses the CNS, used in anesthesia & seizures
• Risk of addiction is high
• Short acting ones can be used for sedation prior to
diagnostic procedures
• Long acting-phenobarbital is used for control of seizures
• Side Effects
• Drowsiness
• Lethargy
• HA
• Muscle or joint pain
• Mental depression
• Increased confusion
13. BENZODIAZEPINES
• Most commonly used as sedative-hypnotics
• Not to be used more then 4 wks.
• Very highly addictive
• Must be DC’d over a period of 2-4 wks.
• Side effects include
• Drowsiness
• Hangover
• Sedation
• Lethargy
• Liver toxicity
14. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
• Is a slow, progressive disorder with no cure.
• The area of the brain that controls muscle
movement is affected.
• Dopamine deficiency
• Persons over the age of 50 are at risk.
• Signs and symptoms
• Tremors
• Rigid, stiff muscles
• Slow movements
• Stooped posture and impaired balance
• Mask-like expression
15. ANTIPARKINSONIANS
• Used to treat Parkinson’s disease
• Common side affects
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Confusion
• Hallucinations
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Nursing precautions
• Observe for signs of improvement in symptoms of disease
(muscle tremors, rigidity)
17. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
• Brain disease
• Memory, thinking, reasoning, judgment, language,
behavior, mood, and personality are affected
• Gradual onset
• Seven stages
• No impairment
• Very mild cognitive decline
• Mild cognitive decline
• Moderate cognitive decline
• Moderately severe decline
• Severe cognitive decline
• Very severe decline
18. DEMENTIA/ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
• Used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s by helping to slow
cognitive decline
• Common side affects
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Muscle cramps
• Dizziness
• insomnia
• Nursing precautions
• Monitor for side effects
• Examples
• Donepezil (Aricept)
• Rivastigmine (Exelon)
• Galantamine (Razadyne)
• Tacrine HCL (Cognex)
• Memantine (Namenda)
19. MENTAL DISORDERS
• Mental- means mind
• Causes of mental health disorders
• Not being able to cope or adjust to stress
• Chemical imbalances (lithium)
• Genetics
• Drug or substance abuse
• Social and cultural factors
20. ANXIETY
• Vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress
• Signs and symptoms(Responses to stressful
situations)
• Abnormal or irrational
• Impair normal daily function
• Can last months
26. PSYCHOSES
• Delusions
• False belief
• Hallucination
• Seeing, hearing, smelling, or feeling something that is not real
• Paranoia
• Suspicion
• Delusion of grandeur
• Exaggerated belief about one’s importance
• Delusion of persecution
• False belief that one is being mistreated or abused
• Schizophrenia is most common cause
• Dementia, delirium, mood disorders, and drugs and
substance abuse
27. ANTIPSYCHOTICS
• Used to treat schizophrenia, mania, & dementia- related
problems (psychotic disorder group of sever mental health
illnesses where person’s ability to perceive reality,
communicate, and form stable interpersonal relationships are
impaired
• Common side affects
• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Blurred vision
• Confusion
• Headache
• Sedation
• Muscle spasms
• Stiffness
• Spasms
28. CONT…
• Nursing precautions
• Monitor for adverse effects
• Report new signs of muscle tremors, stiffness, spasms(cogentin
is used to reduce involuntary muscle movements)
• Examples
• Thioridazine (mellaril)
• Chlorpromazine (thorazine)
• Haloperidol (Haldol)
• Risperidone (Risperdal)
• Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
• Quetiapine (Seroquel)
• Lithium (Lithotabs)
• Aripiprazole (Abilify)
29. ALCOHOL REHAB
• Is a chronic disease with no cure(can be treated)
• Counceling
• Meds are Antabuse & Campral
• Side effects
• Drowsiness & fatique
• Anorexia, nausea & vomiting
• Hives(allergic reaction)
30. SEIZURE DISORDERS
• Involves violent and sudden contractions or tremors
of muscle groups. Movements are uncontrolled.
• Causes
• Head injury
• High fever
• Brain tumors
• Poisoning
• Drug overdose or withdrawal
• Nervous system disorders
• Epilepsy- clusters of nerve cells signal abnormally
• No cure
31. ANTIEPILEPTIC
• Used to reduce or prevent generalized, partial and other
seizure types
• Common side effects
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Vision problems
• Somnolence
• Unsteadiness
• Nausea
• vomiting
• Nursing precautions
• Monitor for seizure frequency
• Shake oral suspensions before using
• Don’t crush tablets or capsules unless labeled chewable
• Never stop antiepileptic medication suddenly
33. PAIN
• Means to ache, hurt, or be sore
• Is personal
• A warning from the body
• Acute pain less than 6 months- isolated incident
• Chronic pain greater than 6 months
• Radiating pain
• Phantom pain
• Past experience
• Anxiety
• Rest and sleep
• Attention
34. PAIN CONT…
• Personal and family duties
• Value or meaning to pain
• Support from others
• Culture
• Illness
• Age
36. QUESTIONS TO ASK
• Location
• Onset and duration
• Description
• Factors causing pain
• Factors affecting pain
• Other signs and symptoms
37. DOCUMENTATION
• Response to the pain med
• Need for additional pain med
• Response to any additional interventions
38. ASA
• Inhibits platelet Activity
• Used to reduce risks of TIA or CVA
• Reduce risks of MI with previous history
• Enteric forms is usually used to reduce stomach
irritation
• Watch for S/S of GI bleed
39. NSAID’S
• ASA like drugs
• Used to reduce pain, inflammation & fever
• Examples
• Celebrex
• Lodine
• Motrin
• Advil
• Aleve
• Toradol
• Feldene
40. TYLENOL
• Max dose of 4000mg/day
• Give with food or milk
• Side effects
• Stomach irritation
• Anorexia, nausea or vomiting
• Low blood pressure
• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Abd. Pain & jaundice(liver toxicity)
41. CONT.
• Nsg. Precaution: Give with food
• Side Effects
• GI bleed
• Dizziness or drowsiness
• Constipation
• Confusion
• Anorexia, nausea or vomiting
Editor's Notes
Chapter 14, p. 181-185
Chapter 14, p. 186-187
Later on swallowing and chewing problems, constipation, and bladder problems occur. Sleep problems, depression, and emotional changes can occur. Memory loss and slow thinking can also occur.