1. Antimicrobial Drugs Fading Miracle? BLS 206 Lecture Hoza, A . S

2. Ehrlich’s Magic Bullets • 1906: Paul Ehrlich discovered Salvarsan 606 • 1930s: sulfa drugs discovered

3. Fleming and Penicillin

4. TERMINOLOGIES

9. Effects of Combinations of Drugs • Synergism occurs when the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either alone. • Antagonism occurs when the effect of two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone.

10. Effects of Combinations of Drugs

11. Combined antibacterial therapy

14. Microbial Sources of Antibiotics

18. Modes of Antimicrobial Action

19. Basic mechanisms of antibiotics

21. Bacterial cell wall of G+ (A) and G- (B) bacteria

22. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

26. Antimicrobial Agents

27. Antimicrobial Agents

28. Antimicrobial Agents

30. Prokaryotic Cell Walls Gram positive cell wall Gram negative cell wall

31. Penicillins Figure 20.6

32. Penicillinase (  Lactamase) Figure 20.8

43. Antiviral Drugs Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs Figure 20.16a

44. Analogs Block DNA Synthesis Figure 20.16b, c

51. Measuring Antimicrobial Sensitivity: Disk Diffusion

52. Penicillin