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ANTI ANXIETY AGENTS / DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY
This document discusses anti-anxiety drugs and classifies them into different categories. It describes how benzodiazepines are commonly used anti-anxiety drugs that work by binding to GABA receptors in the brain to reduce anxiety symptoms. Azapirone drugs like Buspirone are newer anti-anxiety medications that relieve mild to moderate anxiety without the side effects of benzodiazepines. Beta blockers can provide symptomatic relief from physical anxiety symptoms but do not affect the underlying psychological symptoms. Anti-anxiety drugs aim to control anxiety symptoms and produce a calm state of mind without impairing normal brain and body function.
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ANTI ANXIETY AGENTS / DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY
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- 2. ANXIETY: “It is anemotional state, unpleasant in nature, associated with uneasiness, discomfort and fear about some defined or undefined future threat” In normal life some degree of anxiety is common But treatment needs when it increases
- 3. ANTI ANXIETY DRUGS: “Theyare mild CNS depressants, control the symptom of anxiety and produce a rest full state of mind, without interfering normal mental / physical function.” Anti anxiety drugs more closely resembles sedative hypnotics Do not produce extra pyramidal side effects Have anticonvulsant property Produce physical dependence & carry abuse liability.
- 4. ANTI ANXIETY DRUGSCLASSIFICATION BENZODIAZEPINES CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE DIAZEPAM OXAZEPAM AZAPIRONES BUSPIRONE GEPIRONE ISPAPIRONE SEDATIVE ANTIHISTAMINIC HYDROXYZINE BETA BIOCKER PROPRANOLOL
- 5. BENZODIAZEPINES (BZD): Commonly usedanti anxiety drug, Some BZDs have slow and prolonged activity Relieve anxiety at low dose without producing CNS depression it also have hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant activity Less toxic and low addiction liability, Better quality and quantity of improvement in anxiety and stress than the barbiturates At anxiety dose it produces minor cardiovascular and respiratory depression.
- 6. Eg: CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE It wasthe first BZD to be used clinically Produce smooth long lasting effect Preferred in chronic anxiety status Often combined with other drugs Has poor anti convulsant action.
- 7. MECHANISM OF ACTION: BENZODIAZEPINES ↓ BINDSTO BZD RECEPTOR PRESENT IN THE Α SUB UNIT OF GABA-A RECEPTOR ↓ IT INCREASE THE BINDING OF GABA TO THE GABA-A RECEPTOR ↓ INCREASES THE INFLUX OF MORE Cl- IONS IN TO INTRACELLULAR SITE ↓ HYPERPOLARIZATION ↓There by it produce CALMING EFFECT ↓ ANTI ANXIETY ACTIVITY
- 9. PHARMACOKINETICS: Oral absorption slow T1/25 to 15 hours ADR: Dizziness Vertigo Ataxia Disorientation Amnesia
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- 14. AZAPIRONES Eg: Buspirone It isthe First Azapirone Newer anti anxiety drug It relieves mild to moderate generalized anxiety It is ineffective at severe cases Dose not interact with BZD receptors Doesn’t produce tolerance or physical dependence It does not have sedative, hypnotic muscle relaxant activity like BZD
- 15. MECHANISM OF ACTION: •Not clearly known • Anti anxiety activity might be due to Agonist activity on 5 HT1A receptors Weak dopamine D2 blocking action
- 16. PHARMACOKINETICS: Rapidly absorbed orally Effectdevelops slowly Maximum benefits may be delayed up to 2 weeks Extensive first pass metabolism Excreated in both urine and feaces ADR: Dizziness Nausea Headache Excitement
- 17. BETA BIOCKER: Many symptomsof anxiety like palpitation, rise in BP, shaking, tremor, gastro intestinal hurrying - occurs due to sympathetic over activity The beta blockers produce symptomatic relief from the anxiety But they do not affect psychological symptoms They may be used as adjuvant along with BZD
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