Anesthesia History of Ether
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Ether was discovered in 1535 but was not used as an anesthetic until 1846 when William Morton used it during surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital. Prior to this, surgeries were performed while patients were awake and felt extreme pain. Morton's first public demonstration shocked the medical community as the patient did not scream during surgery. However, Morton faced criticism and resentment from other doctors for claiming to discover ether's anesthetic properties first. He struggled financially and was not properly recognized for his discovery before dying in bankruptcy.
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The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the early 1800s that spread across America. It revived old churches like the Methodists and Baptists and attracted many converts. Circuit-riding preachers traveled across the frontier to spread the gospel. Charles Finney was a leading preacher of this movement who advocated for social reforms like abolishing slavery and allowing women to pray aloud in church. Joseph Smith claimed to receive golden plates from an angel and founded Mormonism in 1830, publishing the Book of Mormon. However, Mormonism faced opposition and controversy over beliefs like polygamy and modern prophets. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was an important event that began the movement for women's rights in America. Transc
Serendipity
Many important drugs were discovered by accident through serendipity. AZT, the first drug approved to treat HIV/AIDS, was originally developed in the 1960s as a cancer drug and abandoned until it was found to be effective against HIV in the 1980s. Warfarin was discovered when scientists investigated the unexplained bleeding in cattle grazing on moldy sweet clover hay. Lithium, now used to treat bipolar disorder, was first used in the 19th century for gout but its psychiatric benefits were rediscovered in the 1940s. Cortisone was identified while researchers searched for treatments for Addison's disease and its anti-inflammatory properties helped discover its effectiveness for rheumatoid arthritis. Over 24% of
Great Women in Medicine
Women’s History Month, which is held during March in the US, celebrates and honors the contributions of women, just as Black History Month highlights the often-forgotten accomplishments of black people. Here are some examples of historic female doctors most people have not heard of.
Facts industrial
1. In the 1700-1900s, there were three main beliefs about what caused illness: miasmas (poisoned air), spontaneous generation (germs appearing from nowhere), and germ theory proposed by Pasteur in 1861.
2. Common treatments included herbal remedies, patent medicines, and some prayer/magic. Aspirin was also invented in the late 1800s.
3. Doctors received more university training, nurses emerged through Florence Nightingale's training schools, and hospitals became more sanitary and efficient under her influence.
Facts 20th century
Medicine in the 20th century was driven by the acceptance of germ theory and the discovery of viruses and DNA. Treatments included chemical drugs like penicillin, radiotherapy, and alternative medicines. Doctors and nurses became highly trained professionals and hospitals were nationalized under the NHS, providing free healthcare. Key figures included Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin, and Watson and Crick who discovered the structure of DNA. Factors pushing medicine forward included scientific discoveries, social attitudes favoring healthcare access, communication technologies, and wartime efforts, while limits included reliance on individual genius and social competition between groups.
Fys creative response
1) The document summarizes key aspects of the book "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" about a woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent and used to create the first immortal human cell line.
2) It discusses the debate around patient rights versus medical advancement and how slowly laws developed to protect patients.
3) It also describes the impact on Henrietta Lacks' family who did not understand what happened to her cells for decades and how her cells were taken at a time of racial inequality in medicine.
, write 600-800 words that respond to the following questions .docx
, write 600-800 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.
Part one:
Ethics in Research
Utilizing the internet, and/or your textbook, choose one example of unethical research in a business setting:
· Summarize the research. Explain what the difference is between a good source and a bad source for your research project. Abrams text page 49.
· Explain why research might be considered unethical.
· Explain what ethical considerations there are and how to avoid these issues in your research project.
PAGE 49
In many situations, finding information about the method(s) used to collect data can help you evaluate its credibility. For instance, trade associations may be an excellent source of data, since many trade associations collect information about their indus- tries. However, this data may be either highly reliable—when it comes from those associations that are careful and objective in their research—or highly unreliable— when, for example, an association uses data for political or marketing purposes. When assessing the quality of data, look for:
GOOD SIGNS Data was collected by an independent research firm Large sample size Large percentage of those polled responded Objective, neutral questions were asked
BAD SIGNS Study was funded by a private company or association with a political agenda Small sample size Small percentage responding Questions were skewed to elicit particular responses Data with an Agenda Be particularly cautious when evaluating data from certain types of sources. This can include: Statistics from individual companies, which may have manipulated data to increase sales Data from politically or economically motivated organizations, which may have had a special agenda and used research techniques that support the message they want to send Data from studies with very small samples, which may not represent reality
You may wish to review an example timeline by clicking here.
Research Ethics Timeline (1932-Present)
by David B. Resnik, J.D., Ph.D.
· 1932-1972
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health. Studied the effects of untreated syphilis in 400 African American men. Researchers withheld treatment even when penicillin became widely available. Researchers did not tell the subjects that they were in an experiment. Most subjects who attended the Tuskegee clinic thought they were getting treatment for "bad blood."
· 1939-45
Morally abhorrent research conducted by German scientists on concentration camps prisoners and Japanese scientists on Chinese prisoners of war.
· 1940 O.R.
Two Nazi refugee scientists, Frisch and R.E. Peierls, warn the U.S. about Germany's nuclear weapons program. Albert Einstein writes a letter to Pres. Truman warning him about the Nazi threat.
· 1942-1945
The U.S. begins the $2 billion Man ...
Women fingerprints in medicine....... Landmark Women in History of Medicine
This document discusses the history of women in medicine, beginning with Merit Ptah in ancient Egypt who was the first known female physician in 2700 BC. It mentions several other influential early female physicians from ancient Egypt, Greece, the Middle East, and Europe. In the modern era, it highlights Elizabeth Blackwell as the first female physician certified in the United States in 1849, Gerty Cori as the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947, and Nancy Dickey as the first female president of the American Medical Association in 1998. The document also notes milestones for women physicians in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and other Middle Eastern countries.
The History of AVMA by Dr. Fred J. Born
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The largest veterinary organization in the world.
Roevwadeaapfinal2
The pediatrician's father expressed dismay at the statistics of abortions occurring at a local hospital, not understanding how physicians could be willing to perform them. The 1973 US Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade ruled that existing state laws banning abortion violated women's constitutional right to privacy under the 14th Amendment. The decision was controversial and divided public opinion. The Court relied on the work of a single legal scholar and dismissed the long-standing Hippocratic Oath based on the theory of one historian. Amicus briefs were filed by various medical, legal, and advocacy organizations on both sides of the issue.
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, write 600-800 words that respond to the following questions .docx
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Anesthesia History of Ether
- 1. Anesthesia: Without it, Surgery Would Suck By Troy Vaden
- 2. When was the first real anesthetic discovered and how has it changed medicine? Ether was the first real anesthetic and it was invented around 1535 but wasn’t discovered as an anesthetic until 1846. Prior to 1846 alcohol, opium, and other substances were used but they didn’t work in every case and were not nearly as effective. Since October 16, 1846 surgery has been much less awful.
- 3. First Public Surgery Using Ether Ether’s first public use from anesthesia-nursing.com Ether was first brought to public attention by a man named William Morton. He made the first successful public surgery using ether at Massachusetts General Hospital and shocked the entire medical community when the patient wasn’t screaming.
- 4. William T. G. Morton From anesthesia-nursing.com Unfortunately for Morton the entire medical community also resented him for discovering this before them or for not including them in his research so the treated him like crap. Other doctors tried to claim that they discovered it before him like the chemist Dr. Charles T. Jackson, and Dr. Crawford Long claimed to have used it in surgeries four or five years earlier, but never showed it to the public. Even the clergy hated on him saying that what he created was evil and surgery was meant to be painful because of peoples sins.
- 5. Ether monument in Boston from anesthesia-nursing.com Morton tried to patent it as “Letheon” but everyone knew that it was just ether so he was unable to sell any. He also petitioned congress for years to recognize him as the discoverer of ether, but congress could not decide who was the principal discoverer between him, Long, and Jackson. Morton never received anything for his discovery, not even acknowledgement from the medical community and Morton ended up going bankrupt in 1863 about 17 years later. The Ether statue in Boston Massachusetts commemorates the act of discovering Ether and not who was involved.