This document discusses day case or ambulatory surgery. It notes that over the last 30 years, there has been rapid expansion in the use of day-case surgery, with the percentage of patients going home the same day increasing from less than 10% to approximately 65%. Suitable procedures are those that take less than 90 minutes, do not cause excessive bleeding or pain, and are accompanied by minimal postoperative disturbances. The growth of ambulatory surgery has been facilitated by improved anesthetic techniques and drugs that allow for faster recovery. Regional anesthesia and nerve blocks can also benefit recovery. Guidelines for safe discharge include stable vital signs and adequate pain control and mobility.
Management Of Patient Undergoing Surgerykalyan kumar
Preoperative care refers to health care provided before a surgical operation. The aim of preoperative care is to do whatever is right to increase the success of the surgery.
At some point before the operation the health care provider will assess the fitness of the person to have surgery.
During the perioperative period, specialised nursing care is needed during each phase of treatment. For nurses to give effective and competent care, they need to understand the full perioperative experience for the patient.
Perioperative refers to the three phases of surgery.
Preoperative stage
Intraoperative stage
Postoperative stage
Within these stages there are many different roles for nurses and different care needed for the patient dependent on which stage they are in.
As with any nursing care, the goal during these stages is to provide holistic and evidence based care as well as support to the individual.
There are different nursing roles throughout the perioperative process including: admissions nurse, anaesthetic nurse, circulating nurse or scout nurse, instrument or scrub nurse, post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse and the surgical ward nurse. Other nurses may be included in the perioperative process such as pain management specialist nurses, diabetes educators.
Evaluation of Effect of Low Dose Fentanyl, Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine in S...iosrjce
In the present study effect of intrathecal hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% with low doses of Clonidine
or Fentanyl or Dexmedetomidine were compared in elective lower abdominal surgeries. This was a prospective
randomized control trial. 90 patients belonging to ASA 1 &II, aged between 20-50 years were allocated into
three groups. Group-C: Clonidine 30µg, Group-D: Dexmedetomidine 5 µg, Group-F: Fentanyl 25 µg. The
onset of sensory blockade was comparable in all the three groups. The onset of motor blockade was earlier by
about 1.3 mins in Dexmedetomidine group when compared to Clonidine and Fentanyl group. Duration of
sensory blockade was prolonged in Dexmedetomidine group (346mins) when compared to Clonidine (300mins)
and Fentanyl (302mins) group. Time duration of motor blockade was prolonged in Dexmedetomidine group
(269mins) when compared to Clonidine (223mins) and Fentanyl (220mins) group. The haemodynamic
parameters were clinically and statistically insignificant The time of first request for analgesics by the patients
was more in Dexmedetomidine group (250mins) when compared to Clonidine (194mins) and Fentanyl
(189mins) group. The use of intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine is an attractive
alternative to Fentanyl or Clonidine for long duration surgical procedures due to its profound intrathecal
anesthetic and analgesic properties combined with minimal side effects.
A Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) or an area which provides equivalent postanesthesia care. shall be available to receive patients after anesthesia care. PACU and sometimes referred to as post-anesthesia recovery or PAR, or simply Recovery is a vital part of hospitals, ambulatory care centers, and other medical facilities.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. Another Name
Ambulatory surgery
Day-case surgery
Same-day surgery
Come and go surgery
Day Case Anesthesia
Pt. who is admitted for operation on a planned non-
resident basis. The pt occupies a bed in a ward or unit
set aside for this purpose.
Outpatient surgery allows a person to return home on
the same day that a surgical procedure is performed.
3. During the last 30 years, there has been rapid
expansion in the use of day-case surgery.
In the last 25 years, the percentage of pts going home
the same day has increased from < 10% to
approximately 65%
At the inception of day-case procedures, a case was
considered suitable if it took less than 90 min to
complete (do not cause sever hemorrhage or
produce excessive amounts of postoperative pain).
4. Because investigators have found that the operating
and anesthetic time is a strong predictor of
postoperative complications (e.g., pain, emesis)and
delayed discharge, as well as unanticipated admission
to the hospital after ambulatory surgery .
With regard to the distance from the hospital to the pt’s
home, and a responsible adult must be at home with
the pt during first 24 h after surgery
The growth in ambulatory surgery would have not been
possible without the development of improved
anesthetic and surgical techniques.
5. The availability of rapid, shorter -acting anesthetic,
analgesic, and muscle relaxant drugs has clearly
facilitated the recovery process and allowed more
extensive procedures to be performed on an
ambulatory basis, irrespective of preexisting medical
conditions.
Surgical procedures suitable for ambulatory surgery
should be accompanied by minimal postoperative
physiologic disturbances and an uncomplicated
recovery.
Prolonged stay or unanticipated admission after day -
case surgery are related to the surgical procedure (e.g.,
blood loss, pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting
(PONV).
6. Significant reduction in medical costs
Increased availability of indoor beds
Better comfort and greater control over the patient’s business and
personal lives
Some protection from hospital acquired infections
Less social disruption to patients and their families and minimal
need for inpatient hospital resources
Particularly in children short separation from parents and family is
very beneficial to the reduce separation-induced anxiety
problems
Faster recovery, more rapid discharge and better pain relief for
outpatients.
Less preoperative testing and postoperative medication
7. Gynaecology Dilatation & curettage, Laparoscopy, Vaginal termination
of pregnancy colposcopy & hysteroscopy.
Plastic Surgery contracture release, removal of small skin lesion, nerve
decompression
Ophthalmology Strabismus correction, Lacrimal duct probing, cataract
surgery & examination under G.A
ENT Adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, Myringotomy, insertion of
grommets, removal of foreign body, polyp removal
Urology Cystoscopy, Circumcision, Vasectomy)
Orthopaedics Arthroscopics, Carpal tunnel release. Reductions Ganglion
removal,
General Surgery Breast lumps, Herniae, Varicose veins, Endoscopy, anal
fissure, Lap Cholecystectomy & Haemorroidectomy
Paediatrics Circumcision, Orchidopexy, Squint, Dental extractions
polypectomy
8. Patients should normally be ASA I , ASA II, or
medically sable ASA III only, i.e. normally healthy
people & those with minor systemic disease not
interfering with normal activities
Age: >50
Weight: BMI < 30, (31-34 discuss with anaesthetic
deparment)
Generally healthy i.e. can climb two flight of stairs
12. An anesthetic room:- fully equipped, good
lighting, scavenging, piped gases and suction
equipment, anesthetic machine & monitoring
equipment.
An operating theater:- Should be of the same
specification as the in –patient equivalent
A fully equipped recovery room
16. Pts should be admitted to the ward in adequate
time for history-taking and examination
Any investigation requested as an out pts should
be available and noted.
The surgeon should ensure the indication for
surgery is still present
The consent form should be signed if not
already done.
The operation site should be marked
A pregnancy test in women of fertile age
17. Pre-operative Assessment.
Pre-operative Preparation.
Premedication.
The purposes of pre-operative visit.
History taking.
Physical Examination
Investigation
Risk Assessment.
Common causes for postponing Surgery.
18.
19.
20. Not routinely prescribed for day cases, as it is
usually unnecessary. Drug that may be used
include the following
A- Benzodiazepines
B- Antiemetic
C- Antacids
D- H2-antagonist (If there is a risk of acid reflux)
E- Analgesics
Routine use of narcotic (Opioids) analgesics for
premedication is not recommended unless the
patient is experiencing acute pain (Oral NSAIDs
are used)
21.
22. The optimal anesthetic technique in the ambulatory
setting would provide for excellent operating
conditions, rapid "fast-track" recovery without
postoperative side effects or complications, and a
high degree of patient satisfaction.
General, local, & regional anesthesia may be
administered safely to day-case pt. The choice of
technique should be determined by surgical
requirements, anesthetic consideration, and
patient’s physical status and preference.
23. For many ambulatory procedures,
general anesthesia remains the most
popular technique with both
patients and surgeons.
24. Any induction agents used in day-case anesthesia
should ensure a smooth induction, good immediate
recovery and a rapid return to street fitness.
Propofal is now used widely as the primary
induction agent which has advantage of rapid
recovery & low incidence of PONV.
Thiopental (3 to 6 mg/kg) is the prototypical
intravenous induction drug with a rapid onset and
a relatively short duration of action as a result of
redistribution of the drug . However, thiopental
impairs fine motor skills for several hours after
surgery and can produce a "hangover“ sensation
25. Ketamine compares unfavorably with both the
barbiturates and propofol for minor gynecologic
procedures because of its prominent
psychomimetic effects and higher incidence of
PONV during the early postoperative period
Midazolam (0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg IV) has been used for
induction of anesthesia in outpatients, its onset of
action is slower and recovery is prolonged in
comparison to the barbiturate compounds and
propofol
26. Sevoflurane is the agent of choice for inhalational
induction with advantage of Non irritant to the
airways, rapid induction in both children & adults,
minimal cardiovascular side effects. However,
sevoflurane causes more PONV than propofol
27. Sevoflurane & Desflurane are ideal agents for day-
case anesthesia
Volatile anesthetics are associated with a higher
incidence of vomiting in the early recovery period
than propofol based anesthetic techniques
Nitrous oxide increase the risk of PONV, but it
reduce the requirements for volatile agents & risk
of intraoperative awareness.
Target-controlled infusion or TIVA of propofol
with or without the ultra-rapid-acting opioid
remifentanil are techniques which have minimal
risk of PONV & short recovery time.
28. Opioids fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and
remifentanil) are used due to ultra short time effect
The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is used
widely & avoids for intubation & extubation,
which improves turnaround time between cases.
The incidence of postoperative sore throat after
DCA 18% with an LMA
45% with a tracheal tube and
3% with a face mask.
RSI Patient at risk of aspiration still require a
rapid- sequence induction technique with tracheal
intubation
29. Many superficial outpatient surgical procedures do
not require the use of neuromuscular relaxants
When Remifentanil is used in combination with
propofal for induction of anesthesia, tracheal
intubation can be performed without any muscle
relaxants
Succinylcholine is associated with muscle pains,
especially in ambulant patients and it is not ideal in
the day-case setting.
30. NDMRs: Use of the short- and intermediate-acting
nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g.,
Cisatracurium, Mivacurium) allows reversal of
neuromuscular blockade even after brief surgical
procedures
Mivacurium may be advantageous for use during
the maintenance period because reversal is seldom
Atracurium are used during day case anesthesia
31. Neostigmine
Antagonists may also produce unwanted side
effects (e.g., dizziness, headaches, PONV) that
should be considered before routinely using these
drugs.
Naloxone
Flumazenil
32. Regional anesthesia can offer many advantages for
the ambulatory patient population
Spinal anesthesia has been used for day-case
anesthesia, but the side effects of post-dural
puncture headache & motor weakness, dizziness,
urinary retention, and impaired balance may delay
ambulation & discharge.
33. Epidural anesthesia technically more difficult to
perform, it has a slower onset of action, the
potential for intravascular or intra-thecal injection
exists, and it is associated with a greater chance of
an incomplete sensory block than spinal anesthesia
Caudal block is used to reduce pain in paediatric
pts for circumcision, herinorraphy, hypospadias or
orchidopexy using 0.25% plain bupivacaine; this
provides excellent post operative analgesia.
Local anesthetic block are an excellent choice for
day-case pts because of the low incidence of
PONV & good post operative analgesia
34. intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier’s block) For
short superficial surgical hand & forearm
procedures «60 minutes) limited to a single
extremity, technique with 0.5% Lidocaine is a
simple and reliable technique
Peripheral nerve blocks facilitate the recovery
process by minimizing the need for postoperative
opioid analgesics.
L.A blocks(infiltration) e.g. ilioinguinal Nerve
Block for inguinal hernia repair, Brachial plexus
block for hand & arm
35. Female gender,
Advanced age,
Longer operations,
Large fluid or blood loss
Opioids use
Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
Postoperative pain and PONV
Spinal anesthesia
36. Guidelines for safe discharge from an ambulatory
surgical facility include
Stable vital signs
Return to baseline orientation,
Ambulation without dizziness,
Minimal pain and PONV,
Minimal bleeding at the surgical site.
37.
38. Pts should be advised against driving, Operating power
tools, making important decisions, and ingesting
alcohol for at least 24 hrs after the procedure.
Pts should be advised that they may experience pain,
headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and skeletal
muscle aches and pains that can’t be attributed to the
surgical incision
It must be confirmed that a responsible adult will
accompany (drive) the pt home and if appropriate
remain with the pt for some period of time
At some facilities, staff members telephone the pt the
next day to determine the progress of recovery.