Autoimmune disease HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA AND DIABETESArchanaSoni3
An autoimmune disease is a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body.
The immune system normally guards against germs like bacteria and viruses. When it senses these foreign invaders, it sends out an army of fighter cells to attack them.
Normally, the immune system can tell the difference between foreign cells and your own cells.
In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakes part of your body — like your joints or skin — as foreign. It releases proteins called autoantibodies that attack healthy cells.
Some autoimmune diseases target only one organ. Type 1 diabetes damages the pancreas. Other diseases, like lupus, affect the whole body.
Anaemia: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment
Anaemia is a lack of Hemoglobin and red blood cells in the body. Red blood cells and hemoglobin, the molecules in red blood cells that make them red, are important because they carry oxygen from the lungs to other body parts.
Oxygen is very important to us and our body parts. So It is very important to find and treat the cause of the anemia as well as the anemia itself. Might be you have no symptoms of Anemia.
Symptoms of Anaemia
Anemia signs and symptoms vary depending on the cause and severity of anemia. Depending on the causes of your anemia, you might have no symptoms.
You will be short of breath and feel tired, even when doing things you could usually do easily.
You may also have a fast or irregular heartbeat.
Have cold feet or hands.
Look pale.
Having fatigue.
Chest pain.
Feel dizzy or faint.
Having headaches.
Types of anemia
There are three types of anemia
Mild hemoglobin in the body is around 10 to 11 g / dL which is called mild anemia.
Moderate- Hemoglobin is 8 to 9 g / dL it is called moderate anemia.
Severe -Severe anemia hemoglobin is less than 8 g / dL. This is a serious condition, in which it is also the turn of blood transfusion according to the condition of the patient.
Different types of anemia have different causes. They include:
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency occurs as a result of a deficiency in the mineral iron in your body. It requires the production of hemoglobin, the component of the red blood cell that transports oxygen to your organs. Anemia due to a lack of iron can cause a variety of factors, including:
The diet, particularly in infants, children, teenagers, vegans, and vegetarians
Certain medications, meals, and caffeinated beverages
Crohn’s disease, or if a part of your stomach or small intestine has been removed, donating blood Endurance training Pregnancy and breastfeeding use up iron in your body
Your menstrual cycle
Chronic slow bleeding, mainly from the gastrointestinal tract, is a prevalent reason
Vitamin deficiency
When you don’t get enough vitamin B12 and folate, this can happen. These two vitamins are needed for the production of red blood cells. The following factors might cause this form of anemia:
Vitamin B12 deficiency: If you eat little or no meat, you may be deficient in this vitamin. You may not receive enough folate if you overcook veggies or don’t consume enough of them.
When you don’t get enough vitamin B12, folate, or both, you get megaloblastic anemia.
When your body doesn’t absorb enough vitamin B12, you get pernicious anemia.
Medications, alcohol misuse, and intestinal illnesses such as tropical sprue are further causes of vitamin insufficiency.
Anemia of inflammation
When your body doesn’t have enough hormones to generate red blood cells, this happens. This form of anemia is caused by the following conditions:
Kidney disease has progressed to an advanced stage.
Hypothyroidism
Long-term disorders such as cancer, infection, lupus, diabetes.
Hinduja Hospital’s specialist doctor suggests on abnormal blood counts and management of Anemia. Anemia is a can be a cause of a serious illness, so it is important to have it assessed and get the appropriate treatment.
Anaemia results from a lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen flow to the body's organs.
Symptoms may include fatigue, skin pallor, shortness of breath, lightheadness, dizziness or a fast heartbeat.
Treatment depends on the underlying diagnosis. Iron supplements may be used for iron deficiency. Vitamin B supplements maybe used for low vitamin levels. Blood transfusions may be used for blood loss. Medications to induce blood formation may be used if the body’s blood production is reduced.
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2. W h a t is a n e m ia
Anemia is a medical
condition in which the red
blood cell count or
hemoglobin is less than
normal. The body does
not have enough healthy
red blood cells. Red blood
cells provide oxygen to
body tissues. The normal
level of hemoglobin is
generally different in
males and females
3. Wha t c a us e s
a n e m ia ?
Any process that can disrupt the normal life span of a
red blood cell may cause anemia. Red blood cells are
made in the bone marrow
Anemia is caused by either:
1. A decrease in production of red blood cells or
hemoglobin, or
2. An increase in loss or destruction of red blood cells.
4. S YM P T O M S O F
The initial symptoms of anemia are ... I A
ANEM
* Loss of appetite
* Constipation
* Irritability
* Difficulty in concentrating.
The symptoms of established anemia include ...
* Depression
* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Coldness (extremities)
* Overall pallor
* Brittle nails
* Pale eyelids and lips
* Cessation of menstruation
* Soreness in the mouth
5. A n e m ia
C a us e d by
Red blood cells can be lost
through B l o which
bleeding, o d Los s :
can occur slowly over a
long period of time, and
can often go undetected.
This kind of chronic
bleeding commonly
results from the
following:
Gastrointestinal
conditions.
Use of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
6. A n e m ia C a u s e d b y
D e c re a s e d or
F a u lt y R e d B lo o d C e ll
With this type of anemia, the body may produce too few blood cells or the blood
cells may not function correctly.
P r o d u c t io n
Red blood cells may be faulty or decreased due to abnormal red blood cells or the
a lack of minerals and vitamins needed for red blood cells to work properly.
Conditions associated with these causes of anemia include the following:
Iron-deficiency anemia.
Vitamin deficiency.
Bone marrow and stem cell problems.
Other health conditions.
Sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that affects African-Americans. Red
blood cells become crescent-shaped because of a genetic defect. They break
down rapidly, so oxygen does not get to the body's organs, causing anemia. The
crescent-shaped red blood cells also get stuck in tiny blood vessels, causing
pain.
7. Ir o n -D e f ic ie n c y
a n e m ia :
Iron-deficiency anemia occurs
because of a lack of the
mineral iron in the body.
Bone marrow in the center of
the bone needs iron to make
hemoglobin, the part of the
red blood cell that transports
oxygen to the body's organs.
Without adequate iron, the
body cannot produce enough
hemoglobin for red blood
cells. The result is iron-
deficiency anemia.
8. S o lu t io n s a g a in s t
A n e m ia
If you have
anemia, you
will eat
fruits,
vegetables,
pulses…
9. We b p a g e s ( :
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000560.htm
http://www.medicinenet.com/anemia/article.htm
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-basics
http://www.jklcompany.com/anemia.html