The document discusses the meaning, objectives, and scope of educational technology. It defines educational technology as the application of scientific knowledge and principles to improve the teaching and learning process. The objectives of educational technology include transmitting information from teachers to students, assisting with skill development, and providing feedback. The scope of educational technology is wide, ranging from educational administration and testing to instructional methods and materials. It aims to identify learning goals, plan effective learning environments, and evaluate systems to improve future effectiveness.

1. EMMANUEL COLLEGE OF B.Ed. TRAINING
VAZHICHAL
EDU03 TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATION
ONLINE ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC
Meaning, Objectives and Scope of Educational Technology
Submitted On: 03/09/2019
Submittedto Submittedby
Mary Jain AneeshP
Assistant professor Roll No: 27
Emmanuel college of 1st B.Ed. Geography
B.Ed. training Emmanuel college of
Vazhichal B.Ed. Training
Vazhichal

2. INTRODUCTION
Technology defines the science or study of art or skill. Technology is not only the tool for
development of science but also the change in the social process. Technology is a set of
instruments and skills which are used to satisfy the needs of the community (Hierra. A).
According to National Council of Educational Technology (NCET), "Educational Technology is
the development, application and evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve the
process of human learning". An another definition given by G.O.M. Leith, " Educational
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge about learning, and the conditions of
learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning".

3. MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
There are three views regarding the meaning of Educational technology.
1) According to James O. Finn and others in 1960 "Educational technology refers to the
application of physical science and engineering technology to provide mechanical or electro-
mechanical tools, instruments or hard ware which can be used for instructional purpose". This
argument is mainly based on audio visual education. In this sense, the reference is generally to
the use of equipment for presenting instructional material such as still and motion picture
projectors, tape recorders, television, reaching machines and computer based teaching.
2) According to Skinner, Gagne and others Educational technology refers to the
application of scientific principles to instruction. Here psychological principles of learning are
stressed.
3) It was described by, Davis and Hartley in1972, incorporate with the above two aspects
through a application of a system approach to education and training. According to this view,
Education should be considered a system in which machines, materials, media, men and methods
are interrelated parts and are organized in such a way as they work together for the fulfillment of
specific Educational objectives. Educational technology, according to this view implies planning,
implementing and evaluating a system in education according to scientific principles so as to best
achieve the educational objectives.

4. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Hillard Jason has stated the following major objectives of educational technology keeping the
teachers in view.
 Transmission of information.
 Serving as role models.
 Assisting the practice of developing specific skills.
 Contribution to the provision of feedback.
Mc. Kenzie and others has stated the following major objectives of educational technology
keeping the students as focal point.
 The need to reach out maximum number of students.
 To reach out them with an improved range of learning materials.
 To offer greater opportunities for independent study.
 To permit at least a limited number of students response.
MACRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
(OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF BROAD EDUCATIONAL GOALS)
 To identify the need and aspirants of the community.
 To determine the aims, objectives and general structure of education.
 To develop an integrated curriculum of arts, Science and human values.
 To identify and locate material resources and strategies for achieving desired aims of
education.
 To develop specific models of teaching to bring about an improvement in the teaching
learning process.
 To design, modify and develop appropriate equipments or aids suitable and relevant to
the educational process.
 To identify the latent environmental constraints and means to tackling them.
 To assist in providing vocational opportunities to the needy and deserving.

5.  To manage the entire educational system consists of planning, implementation and
evaluation phases.
MICRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
(OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF SPECIFIC CLASSROOM TEACHING)
 To identify the educational needs of the learner.
 To access the educational needs of the students.
 To determine and formulate classroom objectives in behavioral terms.
 To identify the necessary teaching learning materials.
 To identify the content of instruction and organize them in a proper sequence.
 To predetermine the nature of interaction between subsystems. That is students, teachers,
teaching learning materials, content and methodologies.
 To identify human resource.
 To plan out teaching strategy, models and methods as per the needs and objectives.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching strategy in terms of learning outcomes. That is
behavioral changes in the students.
 To provide appreciate feedback to students as well as teachers.
 To modify the teaching learning process on the basis of feedback received.

6. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Scope of educational technology is as wide as education itself. Its scope ranges
from the concrete educational process to the most abstract and subtle ones.
There are three major areas in education in which its scope is very wide .These are;
 Technology related to general educational administration and management.
 Technology related to general education testing.
 Technology related to the instructional process.
Rowntra (1973) has stated the following as the province of educational technologists;
1) Identifying aims and objectives of learning.
2) Planning the learning environment.
3) Exploring and structuring the subject matter.
4) Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media.
5) Evaluating the effectiveness of learning system.
6) Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for
the future.
Important areas which should comprise educational technology are as under;
1) Concept and various facets of educational technology.
2) Teaching learning process.
3) Individualised instructional technology.
4) Programmed learning.
5) Teaching models.
6) Learning theories.
7) Multimedia approach to teaching.
8) Mathetics.
9) Cybernetics.

7. CONCLUSION
Educational technology helps for providing teaching-learning
activities so as to modify teaching-learning activities for optimal
realization of objectives. Educational technology is a wide field.
Educational technology can be considered as a design science or as a
collection of different research interests addressing fundamental issues
of learning, teaching and social organization. Educational technology is
the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving
performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological
process and resources.

8. REFERENCE
1. https://educationaltechnology.net
2. edutechwiki.unige.ch
3. https://wikieducator.org
4. https://www.slideshare.net
5. Essential of educational technology
-Innovations in teaching-learning – J.C.Aggarwal